Deck 2: Sociological Research

Question 1

At the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, hundreds of sociologists will share the findings of their investigations. The presenters will be discussing:

A) Reliability
B) Validity
C) Social Research
D) Cohorts

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Tawanda just learned that that there are numerous processes used by researchers to find information, Tawanda just learned about:

A) Ethics
B) Samples
C) Research Designs
D) Cohorts

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Saima suggests that the higher a person's income, the more likely he/she is to vote in local elections. This suggestion of how these variables relate is a:

A) Theory
B) Cohort
C) Hypothesis
D) Sample

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Carlos is conducting research on the relationship between age and divorce among couples in Georgia. All of the couples in the study have the same household income. As such, income is an):

A) Independent Variable
B) Dependent Variable
C) Control Variable
D) None of the Above

Question 5

Throughout the course of his research investigation, Farzan measured his variables the same way each and every time. This means thaarzan's research can be trusted or that it is:

A) Reliable
B) Valid
C) Ethical
D) Objective

Question 6

Eddie wants to know if participating in sports at school influences the self-esteem of teen-aged girls. In Eddie's study, participating in sports is the:

A) Independent Variable
B) Dependent Variable
C) Control Variable
D) None of the Above

Question 7

Professor Pettigrew's class will be conducting social research. Their first step is to:

A) Review the Literature
B) Develop a Hypothesis
C) Decide on a Topic
D) Collect Data

Question 8

Erika smokes one pack of cigarettes each day. Her research examines the impact that smoking has on perceived attractiveness in college students. Although Erika thinks that smoking makes her more attractive than her non-smoking peers, she does not allow her personal biases to prejudice her research. This suggests that Erika's study has problems with:

A) Causation
B) Objectivity
C) Validity
D) Reliability

Question 9

The sale of ice cream cones and the number of children who drown in swimming pools in Chicago both increase during the summer months. The increase in ice cream cone sales and children drowned are probably both explained by rising temperatures. When the temperature rises, a large number of people purchase ice cream to stay cool. Also, a large number of people go swimming and accidentally drown. This suggests that there is a between ice cream sales and the number of drownings.

A) positive correlation
B) negative correlation
C) spurious correlation
D) none of the above

Question 10

Dr. Yi's research examines how attitudes towards the U.S. government have changed over a 30 year period. Dr. Yi's project is an example of a study.

A) longitudinal
B) cross-sectional
C) comparative
D) all of the above

Question 11

Lila is studying the relationship that develops between drug users and drug dealers. Lila wants to understand the behaviors and attitudes from the user's point of view, so she spent time with a user and didn't judge the behaviors she observed. According to Max Weber, this is an example of:

A) Correlation
B) Causation
C) Reliability
D) Verstehen

Question 12

Ricardo is exploring the academic achievement of children in loving families. Because it is impossible to measure how 'loving' a family is, loving is a:

A) Variable
B) Concept
C) Cohort
D) Research Design

Question 13

Hadassah develops a comprehensive and systematic explanation of male domination of females across the globe. Her explanation results in the development of testable predictions concerning violence, housework, income, and power in male-female relationships. Hadassah's explanation is an example of a:

A) Sample
B) Cohort
C) Theory
D) Hypothesis

Question 14

Professor Joftis is teaching his students about the scientific procedures that sociologists use to conduct research and develop knowledge about a particular topic. Professor Joftis is discussing:

A) Objectivity
B) Correlation
C) Research Methods
D) Variables

Question 15

Dr. Crumbly measured student success using grade point average GPA). Because GPA actually measures student success, Mr. Crumbly's research has:

A) Reliability
B) Validity
C) Ethics
D) Objectivity

Question 16

Imani is conducting research on car accidents in the U.S. Imani finds that as the number of hours local bars stay open increases, the number of car accidents also increases. When bars stay open later, people have the opportunity to drink more before driving. As such, the relationship between car accidents and bar hours involves a:

A) Positive Correlation
B) Negative Correlation
C) Spurious Correlation
D) None of the Above

Question 17

Jason wants to know if student grade point average GPA) is impacted by being involved in a romantic relationship. In Jason's study, GPA is the:

A) Independent Variable
B) Dependent Variable
C) Control Variable
D) None of the Above

Question 18

Muhammad is conducting research on the relationship between education and fertility. Muhammad finds that the more education a woman has, the fewer children she is likely to have because educated women spend much of their childbearing years in school or climbing the career ladder. This suggests that there is a between education and fertility.

A) positive correlation
B) spurious correlation
C) negative correlation
D) none of the above

Question 19

Lorenzo's hypothesis suggests that the more religious a teenager is, the less likely he/she is to have sexual intercourse before marriage. Lorenzo measures religiosity by the number of times a week a person prays and he measures sexual experience by the number of sexual partners that a person has had. By turning the abstract concepts into something measureable, Lorenzo is involved in:

A) Operationalizing
B) Theorizing
C) Oversampling
D) Triangulation

Question 20

Takaya is conducting research on the stigma of obesity in America. He is currently reading relevant academic articles and information. Takaya is in which stage of social research?

A) Develop a Hypothesis
B) Review the Literature
C) Collect Data
D) Analyze Results

Question 21

Serena is conducting a research project on a student who takes classes during the day and works as a stripper during the night. This detailed investigation of a single person that is carried out in order to shed light on a complex issue is an example of which type of field research?

A) Participant Observation
B) Case Study
C) Ethnography
D) None of the Above

Question 22

Ronnie interviewed 35 prostitutes in Seattle, Washington in an effort to gain an understanding of the social perspectives and cultural values of street-walkers. This is an example of which type of field research?

A) Ethnography
B) Participant Observation
C) Case Study
D) None of the Above

Question 23

Bobby wants to ensure that his sample looks like the population that he is studying. Bobby should use:

A) Oversampling
B) Triangulation
C) A Random Sample
D) A Case Study

Question 24

Tanisha is reading about the system of values that guides the behavior of sociologists. Tanisha is reading about sociologists':

A) Cohort
B) Ethics
C) Sample
D) Objectivity

Question 25

Garret is interested in the speeding practices of student drivers. He selects 700 students as a subset of the group that he is interested in studying. The 700 students that Garret selects make up a:

A) Population
B) Parsimony
C) Variable
D) Sample

Question 26

Okim wants to know about the movie viewing habits of Asian Americans. Because Asian Americans represent such a small portion of the American population, Okim should take a bigger than usual sample of Asian Americans. This means that Okim should use .

A) random sampling
B) oversampling
C) generalization
D) triangulation

Question 27

Corey wants to survey prisoners about their experiences with violence inside the penitentiary. In Corey's study, prisoners are the:

A) Population
B) Independent Variable
C) Dependent Variable
D) Cohort

Question 28

Dr. Mead studied parenting behavior in Canada, Japan, India and France to evaluate them against one another. This is an example of a study.

A) longitudinal
B) cross-sectional
C) comparative
D) all of the above

Question 29

Naomi analyzes data collected by the government in the 2010 Census to understand the living arrangements of the elderly. This is an example of:

A) Experiments
B) Field Research
C) Survey
D) Secondary Data Analysis

Question 30

David is studying the behavior of fans seated in the stands during college football games. David conducts this research in the stadium, the natural setting for football games. This is an example of:

A) Survey Research
B) Field Research
C) Secondary Data Analysis
D) An Experiment

Question 31

Norton is conducting research that involves interviewing people about their shoplifting experiences. This is an example of which type of social research investigation?

A) Participant Observation
B) Case Study
C) Secondary Data Analysis
D) Survey

Question 32

Yoshimi goes to the mall to ask shoppers about their views on the issue of abortion. Yoshimi is questioning anybody that will stop to talk to her. As such, this is an example of an):

A) Random Sample
B) Sample of Convenience
C) Oversample
D) Population

Question 33

The grade point average GPA) of students participating in an experiment on academic achievement rose over the course of the academic year. The students worked harder to do better in school because they knew that they were being studied. This is an example of :

A) Selection Effect
B) The Hawthorne Effect
C) Central Tendency
D) Parsimony

Question 34

Rosa's research examines the physical fitness behavior of pregnant women at a single point in time. Rosa's research is an example of a study.

A) longitudinal
B) cross-sectional
C) comparative
D) all of the above

Question 35

Barbara states that the average age of the full-time employees at the university is 33. The average is also the:

A) Mean
B) Mode
C) Median
D) None of the Above

Question 36

Lance Johnson is conducting research on the employment-seeking skills of homeless people in Chicago. Lance poses as a volunteer at a homeless shelter so that he can study homeless people in their natural environment. This is an example of which type of field research?

A) Participant Observation
B) Case Study
C) Ethnography
D) None of the Above

Question 37

The Student Health Care Center is conducting research on the use of prescription medications by 250 students over a period of 4 years. The students used in this longitudinal study are called an):

A) Cohort
B) Independent Variable
C) Dependent Variable
D) Oversample

Question 38

Dr. Lergo selected a sample of 250 long-distance truck drivers in the U.S. and interviewed them on their interactions with prostitutes at truck stops. Dr. Lergo took the findings from the sample and applied them to all long-distance truck drivers in the U.S. This is an example of:

A) Oversampling
B) Triangulation
C) Operationalization
D) Generalization

Question 39

Lois is making a list of the monthly income levels for a group of women participating in the Displaced Homemakers Program. The most common value in the list of numbers is the:

A) Median
B) Mode
C) Mean
D) None of the Above

Question 40

Dr. Wilfredo Mercado was awarded a $3,000 grant to study the drinking behavior of college faculty. Because he has a limited budget, Dr. Mercado is extremely reluctant to use his resources. This unwillingness is an example of:

A) Oversampling
B) Triangulation
C) Central Tendency
D) Parsimony

Question 41

Correlation always creates the same effects.

Question 42

Most data in sociology come from longitudinal studies.

Question 43

Numerical data is quantitative data.

Question 44

Jessica is conducting research to determine the number of females in leadership positions in Fortune 500 companies. Jessica's research is:

A) A Case Study
B) Qualitative
C) Ethnographic
D) Quantitative

Question 45

The ability to conduct research without allowing personal biases or prejudices to influence you is called .

Question 46

Samples are usually as large as possible.

Question 47

Conflict theorists tend to prefer qualitative data.

Question 48

Misleading subjects in sociological research is sometimes ethical.

Question 49

variables are deliberately manipulated in experiments.

Question 50

The publishing of most sociological research follows the ASA style guide.

Question 51

Dependent variables are kept constant in experiments.

Question 52

variables are the responses to the manipulated variables.

Question 53

Amina has analyzed the transportation needs of workers living in the low-income section of Philadelphia. She presents her findings in a written statement to the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority. This is an example of:

A) Triangulation
B) Needs Assessment
C) Operationalization
D) Ethnography

Question 54

Secondary data analysis is done in a natural setting.

Question 55

Quincy is conducting research on how males and females are portrayed in storybooks for children. He reads the children stories looking for themes suggesting thaemales depend on men to care for them and save them. This type of qualitative research is called:

A) Secondary Data Analysis
B) Participant Observation
C) Ethnography
D) Content Analysis

Question 56

are the scientific procedures that sociologists use to conduct research and develop knowledge about a particular topic.

Question 57

Participant observation increases the chances of the Hawthorne effect.

Question 58

Two researchers can look at the same data and come to different conclusions.

Question 59

variables are kept constant to accurately test the impact of an independent variable.

Question 60

Michelle is examining the eating habits of college students at the local university. She uses the quantitative data of food sales purchased with a student identification card as well as qualitative data from in-depth interviews with local students. By using multiple approaches Michelle is engaging in:

A) Objectivity
B) Triangulation
C) Correlation
D) Operationalization

Question 61

When two variables move in a parallel direction, this is called .

Question 62

A involves a suggestion about how variables relate.

Question 63

A is a comprehensive and systematic explanation of events that leads to testable predictions.

Question 64

A specific group of people used in a longitudinal study is called a .

Question 65

An investigation conducted by social scientists is called .

Question 66

studies look at one event in a single point in time.

Question 67

suggests that sociologists step out of their own shoes and into their subjects' shoes when conducting research.

Question 68

are abstract ideas that are impossible to measure.

Question 69

studies include data from observations over time using a cohort.

Question 70

assures that you're actually measuring the thing you set out to measure.

Question 71

studies use data from different sources in order to evaluate them against each other.

Question 72

A is a study of relevant academic articles and information.

Question 73

When two variables move in opposite directions, this is called .

Question 74

The target group from which a researcher wants to get information is called the
.

Question 75

The extreme unwillingness to use resources is called .

Question 76

When two variables appear to be related but actually have a different cause, this is called
.

Question 77

is an indication that one factor might be the cause for another factor.

Question 78

Turning abstract ideas into something measurable is called .

Question 79

A is an investigation of the opinions or experiences of a group of people by asking them questions.

Question 80

In a relationship, one condition leads to a certain consequence.