Deck 22: The Digestive System

Question 1

The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the

A) ileum.
B) jejunum.
C) appendix.
D) duodenum.
E) haustrum.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Each of the following is a function of the liver, except

A) inactivation of toxins.
B) storage of glycogen and iron reserves.
C) synthesis of plasma proteins.
D) synthesis and secretion of bile.
E) antibody production.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Approximately liters of fluid are secreted and reabsorbed into the digestive system each day.

A) 1
B) 7
C) 5
D) 2
E) 10

Answer 3

B

Question 4

An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that coagulates milk proteins is

A) trypsin.
B) pepsin.
C) cholecystokinin.
D) gastrin.
E) rennin.

Question 5

Sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa is the

A) submucosa.
B) myenteric plexus.
C) submucosal plexus.
D) mucosa.
E) muscularis mucosa.

Question 6

The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called

A) villi.
B) rugae.
C) plicae.
D) cardia.
E) papillae.

Question 7

Which layer of the digestive tract directly underlies the epithelium?

A) lamina propria
B) muscularis mucosae
C) submucosa
D) lymphoid nodules
E) digestive epithelium

Question 8

Gastric pits are

A) openings into gastric glands.
B) acid scars in the esophagus.
C) ridges in the body of the stomach.
D) hollows where proteins are stored.
E) involved in absorption of liquids from the stomach.

Question 9

The secretion of acid and enzymes by the gastric mucosa is controlled and regulated by

A) short reflexes coordinated in the stomach wall.
B) digestive tract hormones.
C) the central nervous system.
D) A, B, and C
E) A and C only

Question 10

Which of these descriptions best matches the term duodenal ampulla?

A) where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum
B) stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate- rich fluid
C) carries absorbed sugars and amino acids
D) causes gallbladder to contract
E) stimulates gastric secretion

Question 11

If the pancreatic duct was obstructed, you would expect to see elevated blood levels of

A) bilirubin.
B) cholecystokinin.
C) gastrin.
D) secretin.
E) amylase.

Question 12

Figure 22- 1 The Wall of the Small Intestine
Use Figure 22- 1 to answer the following questions:
Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called

A) haustral churning.
B) segmentation.
C) defecation.
D) pendular movements.
E) mass movements.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the tongue?

A) mechanical processing
B) secretion of mucins
C) manipulation to assist with chewing
D) sensory analysis
E) all of the above

Question 14

The taenia coli are

A) polyps that obstruct the sigmoid colon.
B) ridges in the mucosa of the colon.
C) longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the colon wall.
D) tumors normally confined in the sigmoid colon.
E) tears of the colon.

Question 15

Figure 22- 1 The Wall of the Small Intestine
Use Figure 22- 1 to answer the following questions:
What is produced by the structure labeled "7"?

A) antibodies
B) hydrochloric acid
C) sodium bicarbonate
D) lipase
E) pepsinogen

Question 16

Which of these enhance the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine?

A) the villi
B) the plicae circulares
C) the microvilli
D) intestinal movements
E) all of the above

Question 17

A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in

A) decreased gastrin production.
B) increased protein digestion in the stomach.
C) decreased production of pepsinogen by chief cells.
D) a higher pH during gastric digestion.
E) a lower pH during gastric digestion.

Question 18

Absorption of glucose from the gut lumen depends on

A) cotransporter proteins in the apical membrane of the epithelial cell.
B) the sodium- potassium pump in the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cell.
C) higher sodium ion concentration in the lumen than in the epithelial cell.
D) A and B only
E) A, B, and C

Question 19

Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function in

A) opening the cardiac sphincter.
B) mastication.
C) moving the tongue.
D) esophageal peristalsis.
E) swallowing.

Question 20

The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the

A) antrum.
B) fundus.
C) body.
D) cardia.
E) pylorus.

Question 21

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract, except the

A) colon.
B) pharynx.
C) bladder.
D) stomach.
E) esophagus.

Question 22

The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a watery, bicarbonate- rich fluid is

A) GIP.
B) cholecystokinin.
C) secretin.
D) enterocrinin.
E) gastrin.

Question 23

In response to the hormone cholecystokinin, the pancreas secretes a fluid

A) rich in bicarbonate.
B) that contains only amylase.
C) rich in bile.
D) rich in mucus.
E) rich in enzymes.

Question 24

Movements unique to the large intestine are movements.

A) segmentation
B) pendular
C) mass
D) writhing
E) peristaltic

Question 25

The fusion of the hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms the

A) bile canaliculus.
B) common pancreatic duct.
C) hepatic portal vein.
D) porta hepatis.
E) common bile duct.

Question 26

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

A) mouth.
B) stomach.
C) esophagus.
D) ileum.
E) duodenum.

Question 27

Enterogastric reflexes

A) inhibit gastric motility.
B) involve the enteric nervous system.
C) inhibit gastric secretion.
D) are triggered by chyme entering the duodenum.
E) all of the above

Question 28

Figure 22- 1 The Wall of the Small Intestine
Use Figure 22- 1 to answer the following questions:
The pancreas produces - digesting enzymes in the form of proenzymes.

A) protein
B) sugar
C) carbohydrate
D) lipid
E) nucleic acid

Question 29

A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would

A) increase gastric secretion.
B) decrease intestinal motility.
C) increase intestinal motility.
D) decrease gastric secretion.
E) interfere with both intestinal motility and gastric secretion.

Question 30

In response to the arrival of acid chyme in the duodenum, the

A) blood levels of secretin rise.
B) blood levels of cholecystokinin fall.
C) blood levels of gastrin rise.
D) blood levels of enterocrinin fall.
E) both C and D

Question 31

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile is

A) cholecystokinin.
B) secretin.
C) enteropeptidase.
D) gastrin.
E) GIP.

Question 32

The are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels.

A) mesenteries
B) lamina propria
C) adventitia
D) serosa
E) fibrosa

Question 33

Approximately the last 15 cm of the digestive tract is the

A) rectum.
B) sigmoid colon.
C) rectal column.
D) anal canal.
E) anus.

Question 34

are blade- shaped teeth that function in cutting or clipping.

A) Molars
B) Incisors
C) Cuspids
D) Bicuspids
E) Canines

Question 35

Lacteals

A) produce new cells for the mucosa of the small intestine.
B) carry absorbed fats to the lymphoid system.
C) secrete digestive enzymes.
D) produce milk.
E) increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.

Question 36

The greater omentum is

A) important in the digestion of fats.
B) the entrance to the stomach.
C) attached to the stomach at the lesser curvature.
D) a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera.
E) a sheet of mesentery that attaches to the liver.

Question 37

Figure 22- 1 The Wall of the Small Intestine
Use Figure 22- 1 to answer the following questions:
Which structure controls the contraction of the muscularis externa?

A) 8
B) 2
C) 10
D) 9
E) 11

Question 38

An obstruction of the common bile duct often results in

A) undigested fat in the feces.
B) jaundice.
C) inability to digest protein.
D) A and B only
E) A, B, and C

Question 39

The enzyme pepsin digests

A) vitamins.
B) nucleic acids.
C) lipids.
D) carbohydrates.
E) proteins.

Question 40

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the

A) entry of chyme into the small intestine.
B) release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine.
C) entry of food into the stomach.
D) entry of chyme into the large intestine.
E) sight, thought, or smell of food.

Question 41

Which of these statements about the tongue is false?

A) dorsal surface covered with papillae
B) secretes lingual lipase
C) composed of large extrinsic and small intrinsic muscles
D) lingual frenulum attaches ventral surface to floor of oral cavity
E) secretes salivary amylase

Question 42

Figure 22- 2 The Stomach dissected)
Use Figure 22- 2 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "10."

A) circular muscle layer
B) oblique muscle layer
C) submucosa
D) longitudinal muscle layer
E) rugae

Question 43

are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding.

A) Molars
B) Canines
C) Dentins
D) Cuspids
E) Eye teeth

Question 44

The pancreas produces

A) nucleases.
B) lipases and amylase.
C) peptidases and proteinases.
D) all of the above
E) A and C only

Question 45

The essential functions of the liver include

A) metabolic regulation.
B) bile production.
C) hematological regulation.
D) all of the above
E) A and C only

Question 46

Enzymes secreted by the pancreas include

A) trypsin as trypsinogen).
B) amylase.
C) lactase.
D) A and B only
E) A, B, and C

Question 47

Figure 22- 1 The Wall of the Small Intestine
Use Figure 22- 1 to answer the following questions:
The structure labeled "5"

A) is part of the visceral peritoneum.
B) contributes to the mesentery of the small intestine.
C) has a simple squamous epithelium.
D) is called the serosa.
E) all of the above

Question 48

Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from

A) hormonal stimulation.
B) parasympathetic stimulation.
C) sympathetic stimulation.
D) myenteric reflexes.
E) hunger.

Question 49

Which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase?

A) parotid
B) submandibular
C) lingual
D) sublingual
E) mandibular

Question 50

The villi are most developed in the

A) jejunum.
B) stomach.
C) cecum.
D) duodenum.
E) gallbladder.

Question 51

Figure 22- 2 The Stomach dissected)
Use Figure 22- 2 to answer the following questions:
The pylorus empties into the

A) colon.
B) jejunum.
C) duodenum.
D) ileum.
E) cecum.

Question 52

Figure 22- 1 The Wall of the Small Intestine
Use Figure 22- 1 to answer the following questions:
A small, wormlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum is the

A) ileum.
B) pancreas.
C) gallbladder.
D) haustra.
E) appendix.

Question 53

In the center of a liver lobule there is a

A) central vein.
B) portal vein.
C) hepatic duct.
D) sinusoid.
E) portal area.

Question 54

The absorption of some sugars in the small intestine involves

A) diffusion.
B) phagocytosis.
C) osmosis.
D) pinocytosis.
E) cotransport.

Question 55

Which region of the stomach does the esophagus connect to?

A) cardia
B) antrum
C) body
D) pylorus
E) fundus

Question 56

Bile is stored in the

A) gallbladder.
B) liver.
C) duodenum.
D) appendix.
E) pancreas.

Question 57

Which of the following contains a remnant of the fetal umbilical vein?

A) diaphragm
B) mesentery proper
C) falciform ligament
D) lesser omentum
E) greater omentum

Question 58

The digestive tract is also referred to as the

A) alimentary canal.
B) esophagus.
C) GI tract.
D) both A and C
E) all of the above

Question 59

The space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth is called the

A) fauces.
B) vestibule.
C) dip sulcus.
D) pharynx.
E) larynx.

Question 60

At the splenic flexure, the colon becomes the

A) ascending colon.
B) sigmoid colon.
C) transverse colon.
D) rectum.
E) descending colon.

Question 61

The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called

A) cementum.
B) periodontium.
C) pulp.
D) enamel.
E) dentin.

Question 62

During deglutition,

A) the soft palate elevates.
B) the lower esophageal sphincter opens.
C) the larynx elevates and the epiglottis closes.
D) all of the above
E) A and C only

Question 63

The enzyme amylase digests

A) triglycerides.
B) disaccharides.
C) peptides.
D) polysaccharides.
E) nucleotides.

Question 64

The root of a tooth is covered by

A) cementum.
B) pulp.
C) the root canal.
D) dentin.
E) enamel.

Question 65

The chamber within a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the

A) dentin.
B) cementum.
C) enamel.
D) periodontium.
E) pulp cavity.

Question 66

A feature of the digestive epithelium that assists expansion of the organ is the presence of

A) elastic cells.
B) plicae.
C) transitional cells.
D) rugae.
E) both B and D

Question 67

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is

A) gastric inhibitory peptide GIP).
B) enterocrinin.
C) cholecystokinin.
D) enteropeptidase.
E) secretin.

Question 68

During deglutition, which of the following phases is not present?

A) pharyngeal
B) esophageal
C) laryngeal
D) voluntary
E) None of the above. All are phases in deglutition.

Question 69

crush and grind food.

A) Bicuspids
B) Cuspids
C) Molars
D) Incisors
E) both A and C

Question 70

A drug that blocks the action of the hormone cholecystokinin would affect

A) the composition of pancreatic secretions.
B) acid production by the stomach.
C) the delivery of bile.
D) B and C only
E) A, B, and C

Question 71

The Kupffer cells of the liver

A) are phagocytic.
B) destroy RBCs.
C) destroy bacteria.
D) present antigens.
E) all of the above

Question 72

Parietal cells secrete

A) gastrin.
B) vitamin B12.
C) mucus.
D) pepsinogen.
E) intrinsic factor.

Question 73

At the hepatic flexure, the colon becomes the

A) transverse colon.
B) rectum.
C) sigmoid colon.
D) ascending colon.
E) descending colon.

Question 74

All of the following are true of the lining of the stomach, except that it

A) has a simple columnar epithelium.
B) contains gastric pits.
C) recycles bile.
D) is constantly being replaced.
E) is covered by a thick, viscous mucus.

Question 75

Which of these descriptions best matches the term cholecystokinin CCK)?

A) carries absorbed sugars and amino acids
B) where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum
C) stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate- rich fluid
D) causes gallbladder to contract
E) stimulates gastric secretion

Question 76

Blockage of the common hepatic duct would interfere with digestion of

A) proteins.
B) fats.
C) disaccharides.
D) vitamins.
E) complex carbohydrates.

Question 77

Which of the following is classified as being either squamous or columnar?

A) digestive epithelium
B) submucosa
C) lamina propria
D) mucosa
E) muscularis mucosae

Question 78

The portion of the stomach that is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus is the

A) fundus.
B) antrum.
C) body.
D) pylorus.
E) cardia.

Question 79

Which of the following is surrounded by a serosa?

A) small intestine
B) oral cavity
C) pharynx
D) esophagus
E) rectum

Question 80

Functions of the large intestine include

A) absorption of bile salts.
B) absorption of vitamins.
C) resorption of water and compaction of feces.
D) all of the above.
E) B and C only