Deck 1: An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

This type of feedback exaggerates the effects of variations from normal.

A) positive
B) depressing
C) negative
D) neutral
E) all of the above

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The integrating center for the negative feedback loop that regulates body temperature is the

A) hypothalamus.
B) thermostat.
C) positive feedback center.
D) temperature sensor.
E) skin.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells?

A) respiratory
B) digestive
C) urinary
D) cardiovascular
E) muscular

Answer 3

D

Question 4

If a response increases a disturbance, the system is classified as a feedback system.

A) negative
B) polarized
C) deficit
D) neutral
E) positive

Question 5

Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation?

A) skeletal
B) muscular
C) endocrine
D) integumentary
E) nervous

Question 6

The study of the function of specific organ systems is called

A) cell physiology.
B) systemic physiology.
C) histology.
D) pathological physiology.
E) organ physiology.

Question 7

The maintenance of a constant internal environment in an organism is termed

A) negative feedback.
B) effector control.
C) positive feedback.
D) integration.
E) homeostasis.

Question 8

The study of the first two months of development is termed

A) histology.
B) pathology.
C) organology.
D) embryology.
E) cytology.

Question 9

The study of the superficial and internal features in a specific area of the body is called _ anatomy.

A) regional
B) surgical
C) radiographic
D) surface
E) pathological

Question 10

The two major divisions of the ventral body cavity are the

A) lateral and medial.
B) pelvic and thoracic.
C) dorsal and ventral.
D) cranial and sacral.
E) thoracic and abdominopelvic.

Question 11

While standing in the anatomical position,

A) front refers to ventral.
B) front refers to anterior.
C) back refers to dorsal.
D) back refers to posterior.
E) all of the above

Question 12

The central principle of physiology is

A) stimulation.
B) homeostasis.
C) temperature regulation.
D) reflexes.
E) nutrition.

Question 13

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system?

A) important homeostatic system
B) produces effects that last for days or longer
C) produces an effect that involves several organs or tissues at the same time
D) produces a more rapid response than the nervous system
E) releases chemical messengers called hormones

Question 14

A cell or organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed an)

A) receptor.
B) thermoregulator.
C) stimulus.
D) hypothalamus.
E) effector.

Question 15

The wrist is to the elbow.

A) distal
B) horizontal
C) proximal
D) lateral
E) medial

Question 16

A person is lying on the bed gazing at the ceiling. She is in the position.

A) supine
B) dorsal
C) caudal
D) prone
E) anatomical

Question 17

A chemical imbalance in the blood can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that

A) all organisms are composed of cells.
B) congenital defects can be life- threatening.
C) all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.
D) blood has magical properties.
E) chemical molecules make up cells.

Question 18

An anatomical term that means the same as ventral:

A) anterior
B) superior
C) abdominal
D) inferior
E) posterior

Question 19

The quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include all of the following except

A) left upper quadrant LUQ).
B) right upper quadrant RUQ).
C) pelvic quadrant.
D) right lower quadrant RLQ).
E) left lower quadrant LLQ).

Question 20

Which of the following is not considered an abdominopelvic region?

A) right inguinal region
B) right hypochondriac
C) left hypochondriac
D) left lumbar
E) upper

Question 21

Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?

A) orthogonal
B) sagittal
C) proximal
D) transverse
E) frontal

Question 22

Terms of anatomical direction are used to describe

A) the nervous system.
B) one body part in relation to another.
C) surgical procedures.
D) living matter.
E) a supine position.

Question 23

Which organ system includes the spleen and the tonsils?

A) nervous
B) endocrine
C) cardiovascular
D) digestive
E) lymphoid

Question 24

The right pleural cavity contains the

A) both lungs.
B) heart.
C) left lung.
D) right lung.
E) trachea.

Question 25

The kidneys and ureters are organs of the system.

A) endocrine
B) lymphoid
C) urinary
D) digestive
E) respiratory

Question 26

While standing erect, the direction of caudal is

A) laterally.
B) upward.
C) downward.
D) medially.
E) none of these.

Question 27

Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most COMPLEX to the SIMPLEST?

A) organ, organism, molecular, cellular, tissue, system
B) tissue, cellular, molecular, organ, system, organism
C) cellular, tissue, molecular, system, organ, organism
D) molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism
E) organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular

Question 28

Identify a structure located within the mediastinum.

A) stomach
B) lung
C) spleen
D) pericardial sac
E) small intestine

Question 29

Which of the following regions corresponds to the buttocks?

A) lumbar
B) pelvic
C) gluteal
D) cephalic
E) thoracic

Question 30

The serous membrane covering the stomach and most of the intestines is called the

A) peritoneum.
B) abdomen.
C) pleura.
D) mediastinum.
E) pericardium.

Question 31

If a response decreases a disturbance, the system is classified as a feedback system.

A) polarized
B) positive
C) negative
D) deficit
E) neutral

Question 32

Cardiovascular physiology is an example of

A) histophysiology.
B) physiological chemistry.
C) systemic physiology.
D) pathological physiology.
E) organ physiology.

Question 33

The analysis of the internal structure of individual cells is called

A) histology.
B) cytology.
C) embryology.
D) anatomy.
E) physiology.

Question 34

An example of a receptor in a negative feedback loop controlling body temperature would be

A) sweat glands that act like effectors.
B) regulatory centers that send commands to an effector.
C) sweat glands that increase secretion.
D) effectors that cause blood vessels to dilate.
E) temperature sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus.

Question 35

Lungs are to the respiratory system as the liver is to the system.

A) digestive
B) urinary
C) cardiovascular
D) lymphoid
E) both B and D

Question 36

Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the system.

A) integumentary
B) endocrine
C) skeletal
D) muscular
E) both A and B

Question 37

In general, the nervous system does each of the following, except

A) directs long- term responses to change.
B) helps to maintain homeostasis.
C) responds rapidly to change.
D) directs very specific responses.
E) both B and D

Question 38

Which of the following terms refers to the foot?

A) brachial
B) antebrachial
C) femoral
D) cervical
E) pedal

Question 39

A person facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the

A) anatomical position.
B) frontal position.
C) sagittal position.
D) prone position.
E) supine position.

Question 40

Which organ system removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream?

A) cardiovascular
B) endocrine
C) respiratory
D) digestive
E) lymphoid

Question 41

The heart is _ to the lungs.

A) posterior
B) medial
C) distal
D) proximal
E) lateral

Question 42

Anatomical features that change during illness are studied in anatomy.

A) pathological
B) regional
C) gross
D) surface
E) microscopic

Question 43

The urinary bladder is found in the quadrant and the quadrant.

A) left upper; right upper
B) right upper; right lower
C) right lower; left lower
D) right upper; right lower
E) left upper; left lower

Question 44

Which of the following organs is not contained within the abdominal cavity?

A) spleen
B) small intestine
C) ovary
D) pancreas
E) stomach

Question 45

A midsagittal section would pass through the

A) kidney.
B) leg.
C) lung.
D) spleen.
E) heart.

Question 46

Organ physiology is to as gross anatomy is to .

A) imbalance; microscopic anatomy
B) equilibrium; macroscopic anatomy
C) balance; equilibrium
D) cell physiology; microscopic anatomy
E) macroscopic anatomy; unbalance

Question 47

is considered the oldest medical science.

A) Biology
B) Embryology
C) Cytology
D) Anatomy
E) Physiology

Question 48

The study of the general form and superficial markings of an organism is called _ anatomy.

A) gross
B) regional
C) surgical
D) systemic
E) surface

Question 49

Visceral pericardium is located

A) lining the pericardial cavity.
B) on the heart itself.
C) on the lung itself.
D) lining the peritoneal cavity.
E) lining the pleural cavity.

Question 50

The muscle known as the diaphragm separates the _ from the .

A) abdominal cavity; pelvic cavity
B) thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity
C) pericardial cavity; pleural cavity
D) pleural cavity; mediastinum
E) pericardial sac; pericardial cavity

Question 51

The liver is primarily located in the quadrant.

A) right lower
B) left upper
C) hepatic
D) right upper
E) left lower

Question 52

The pituitary gland and thyroid gland are organs of the _ _ system.

A) respiratory
B) endocrine
C) digestive
D) cardiovascular
E) lymphoid

Question 53

When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of

A) diagnostic regulation.
B) nonhomeostatic regulation.
C) fever.
D) negative feedback.
E) positive feedback.

Question 54

The thoracic cavity contains the

A) pelvic cavity.
B) pericardial cavity.
C) coelom.
D) pleural cavities.
E) both B and D

Question 55

The chin is to the nose.

A) inferior
B) anterior
C) superior
D) medial
E) posterior

Question 56

Identify the correctly spelled term describing the organ that separates the ventral body cavity into superior and inferior cavities.

A) diafragm
B) diaphram
C) mediastinum
D) diaphragm
E) mediastienum

Question 57

Anatomy is to _ as physiology is to .

A) form; structure
B) function; form
C) structure; form
D) growth; form
E) structure; function

Question 58

The study of the liver is to gross anatomy as the study of the liver cell is to

A) regional anatomy.
B) radiographic anatomy.
C) physiology.
D) systemic anatomy.
E) cytology.

Question 59

The mediastinum

A) contains the pleural cavities.
B) separates the pleural cavities.
C) contains the pericardial cavity.
D) both A and C
E) both B and C

Question 60

Which of the following organs is located between the peritoneum and the body wall?

A) stomach
B) large intestine
C) kidney
D) spleen
E) urinary bladder

Question 61

The branch of biological science that deals with the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions is called _ .

Question 62

The serves as a worldwide official standard of anatomical vocabulary.

Question 63

When homeostatic mechanisms fail, an individual will experience the symptoms of
.

Question 64

The common name for the patella is the

Question 65

The common term for the buccal region is the _

Question 66

_ studies the changes in form that occur between conception and physical maturity.

Question 67

The common term for the carpal region is the

Question 68

A cut parallel to the midsagittal plane would produce an) section.

Question 69

The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions is called
.

Question 70

During exercise, blood flow to skeletal muscles increases. The initial response that increases blood flow is automatic and independent of the nervous and endocrine systems. Which type of homeostatic regulation is this? Why?

Question 71

The branch of biological science that studies the external and internal structure of the body and the physical relationship among body parts is called .

Question 72

_ regulation results from the activities of the nervous or endocrine system.

Question 73

regulation occurs when the activities of organs are regulated locally.

Question 74

The common name for the pollex is the _ .

Question 75

Anatomy uses a special language, called , that involves the use
of word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms to construct terms related to the body in health and disease.

Question 76

Name the two upper abdominal quadrants and list the organs that lie in each.

Question 77

Name the organs found in the thoracic cavity.

Question 78

A person lying face down is in the _ position

Question 79

Homeostatic regulation usually involves an) that detects a particular stimulus, and an) that responds to the stimulus by
communicating with an) whose activity has an effect on the same stimulus.

Question 80

What is homeostatic regulation, and what is its physiological importance?