Deck 1: History and Development of Public Health

Question 1

Which of the following characteristics is a hallmark of public health?

A) Focus on individuals
B) Philosophy of market justice
C) Focus on treatment of disease
D) Focus on disease prevention

Answer 1

Focus on disease prevention

Question 2

The idea that the people who are put at risk of harm when testing a new drug or public health intervention should later benefit from new discoveries is covered by which principle of The Belmont Report?

A) Respect for persons
B) Beneficence
C) Justice

Answer 2

Justice

Question 3

During 2000-2007, an average of 50 cases of salmonella was reported each year in the town of Carson range: 42-58 cases). In 2008, there were 48 cases of salmonella in Carson. True or False: Based on this information, we would say there was an epidemic of salmonella in Carson in 2008.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of the earliest public health efforts i.e., in Ancient Greece or the Roman Empire)?

A) Providing health insurance to all people.
B) Collecting clean drinking water for a community.
C) Delivering vaccines to prevent illness.
D) Establishing boards of health to set and enforce public health laws.

Question 5

The term epidemic denotes an outbreak of disease at a higher than expected rate.

Question 6

Which two documents form much of the basis for public health ethics?

A) The Belmont Report & The Nuremberg Code.
B) Healthy People 2010 & Healthy People 2020.
C) The Future of Public Health & Who Will Keep the Public Healthy?
D) The Report on the Sanitary Condition of Great Britain & The Report on the Sanitary Conditions of Massachusetts

Question 7

In public health, when a group of individuals experiences poorer health based on factors like lower income or poorer access to health care, we would call this difference an):

A) Health disparity
B) Epidemic
C) Endemic
D) Etiology

Question 8

Public health ethics are a set of principles and guidelines to assure that actions taken to assess or improve the public's health maintain human rights, individual autonomy,
and adhere to legal requirements.

Question 9

John Graunt is best remembered for which of the following contributions to the field of public health?

A) Discovering that living organisms transmit disease.
B) Identifying the infectious agent for cholera through mapping households and their water sources.
C) Using cowpox to inoculate people against smallpox.
D) Publishing the first statistical analysis of a population's health and noting associations between demographic factors and health.

Question 10

In 1900, most deaths in the United States were caused by infectious diseases. By 2000, the leading causes of death were more often chronic non-infectious) diseases.

Question 11

"Fulfilling society's interest in assuring conditions in which people can be healthy" is:

A) The mission of public health
B) The definition of endemic
C) The purpose of the Belmont Report
D) The definition of public health ethics

Question 12

Lemuel Shattuck, often called the father of modern epidemiology, is most remembered for his work linking cholera deaths to the water supply in London in the 1800s.

Question 13

In public health, the core discipline devoted to studying the distribution and determinants of health is environmental health.

Question 14

The purpose of an Institutional Review Board or Independent Ethics Committee is to assure that all research conducted is scientifically sound and will produce valid, reliable results.

Question 15

The World Health Organization defines health as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."

Question 16

The holds that health is not a result of individual factors alone but is influenced by external factors, including those produced by family, friends, and community.

A) Belmont Report
B) Social-ecological model
C) Mission of public health
D) Concept of social justice

Question 17

Which of the following are the two overarching goals of Healthy People 2010, the health blueprint for the nation?

A) To eliminate morbidity and reduce mortality.
B) To eliminate health disparities and increase the quality and years of healthy life.
C) To provide access to health care to all and to prevent illness.
D) To educate the public about health risks and to reduce the impact of human activity on the environment.

Question 18

If a person with an infectious disease is separated from other individuals to prevent the spread of disease, this is called isolation.

Question 19

If you were in charge of designing a public health education campaign to change smoking behavior, you would most likely be a

A) Epidemiology
B) Environmental health
C) Social and behavioral sciences
D) Health management and policy

Question 20

Part of public health's mission is to fulfill the will of societies in setting public health agendas and activities.