Deck 25: The Digestive System

Question 1

Chylomicrons are secreted from the basal surface of the absorptive cells and taken into the lacteal in
the villus.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Gastric juice consists entirely of water and hydrochloric acid.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Odor, sight, and taste stimulate salivatory nuclei in the cerebral cortex.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Both pancreatic juice and bile are secreted into the duodenum.

Question 5

Absorption of many nutrients starts in the stomach.

Question 6

The large intestine is longer than the small intestine.

Question 7

The liver is the body's largest gland.

Question 8

These nutrients are all absorbed without being digested except

A)water.
B)vitamins.
C)proteins.
D)minerals.
E)cholesterol.

Question 9

Enamel is found in the crown of a tooth, whereas dentin is part of both crown and root.

Question 10

The small intestine begins with the duodenum, which is its longest segment.

Question 11

The brush borders of intestinal absorptive cells contain numerous goblet cells.

Question 12

Most fat is digested by pancreatic lipase.

Question 13

is the physiological process that moves a nutrient from the outside to the inside of the body.

A)Ingestion
B)Compaction
C)Digestion
D)Absorption
E)Secretion

Question 14

This image shows tissue layers of the digestive tract.What does "3" represent?

A)lumen
B)muscularis externa
C)submucosa
D)mucosa (mucous membrane)
E)serosa

Question 15

The enteric nervous system regulates much of the digestive activity but its action depends on the
central nervous system.

Question 16

This image shows tissue layers of the digestive tract.What does "2" represent?

A)lumen
B)muscularis externa
C)submucosa
D)mucosa (mucous membrane)
E)serosa (mesentery)

Question 17

Both chemical and mechanical digestion start in the mouth and continue in the stomach.

Question 18

The digestive system processes food, extracts nutrients, and eliminates the residue.

Question 19

The serous membranes that suspend the stomach and intestines from the abdominal wall are called

A)mesenteries.
B)mucosae.
C)submucosae.
D)muscularis mucosae.
E)muscularis externa.

Question 20

The large intestine absorbs water, fats, and salts.

Question 21

The surface of the tongue is covered with stratified squamous epithelium, and has bumps called , site of taste buds.

A)keratinized; lingual papillae
B)keratinized; lingual frenulum
C)nonkeratinized; lingual papillae
D)nonkeratinized; tonsils
E)nonkeratinized; vallate papillae

Question 22

Pepsinogen is produced by and is activated by .

A)chief cells; carbonic anhydrase (CAH) secreted by parietal cells
B)chief cells; hydrochloric acid (HCl) secreted by parietal cells
C)parietal cells; hydrochloric acid (HCl) secreted by chief cells
D)parietal cells; carbonic anhydrase (CAH) secreted by chief cells
E)enteroendocrine cells; carbonic anhydrase (CAH) secreted by parietal cells

Question 23

This image shows the stomach.What does "3" represent?

A)gastric rugae
B)antrum
C)pyloric sphincter
D)fundic region
E)cardiac region

Question 24

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is secreted by cells.

A)mucous
B)regenerative (stem)
C)parietal
D)chief
E)enteroendocrine
36)

Question 25

is a hormone, whereas is an enzyme.

A)Enterokinase; pepsin
B)Gastrin; secretin
C)Gastrin; cholecystokinin (CCK)
D)Gastric lipase; histamine
E)Secretin; pepsin

Question 26

Infants have deciduous teeth, whereas adults have permanent teeth.

A)20; 32
B)16; 20
C)28; 20
D)32; 20
E)32; 32

Question 27

The small intestine is suspended from the abdominal wall by

A)the falciform ligament.
B)the mesentery.
C)the greater omentum.
D)the lesser omentum.
E)the esophageal hiatus.

Question 28

The regulates digestive tract motility, secretion, and blood flow, and its neurons are found in the .

A)autonomic nervous system; serosa
B)central nervous system; muscularis externa and muscularis mucosae
C)enteric nervous system; submucosa and muscularis externa
D)visceral sensory division; muscularis externa and submucosa
E)visceral motor division; mucosa and submucosa

Question 29

Each of the following lists some of the tissue layers of the digestive tract.Which one has them in correct order from lumen to external surface?

A)lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
B)serosa, lamina propria, submucosa, muscularis mucosae, muscularis externa
C)mucosa, submucosa, muscularis mucosae, muscularis externa, lamina propria
D)mucosa, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis externa, lamina propria
E)mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, lamina propria, serosa

Question 30

These are all accessory organs of the digestive system except

A)tongue.
B)liver.
C)pancreas.
D)salivary glands.
E)spleen.

Question 31

The organ that stores excess glucose and releases it later into the blood is

A)the pancreas.
B)the stomach.
C)the liver.
D)the spleen.
E)the small intestine.

Question 32

is associated with food stretching the stomach and activating myenteric and vagovagal reflexes, which in turn stimulate gastric secretions.

A)The cephalic phase
B)The gastric phase
C)The intestinal phase
D)The gastrointestinal phase
E)The mesenteric phase

Question 33

These are normally found in saliva except

A)mucus.
B)lysozyme.
C)amylase.
D)lipase.
E)protease.

Question 34

The gland is an extrinsic salivary gland, whereas the gland is an intrinsic salivary gland.

A)lingual; labial
B)submandibular; lingual
C)submandibular; sublingual
D)sublingual; parotid
E)lingual; sublingual

Question 35

The swallowing center is located in

A)the mouth.
B)the oropharynx.
C)the esophagus.
D)the medulla oblongata.
E)the enteric nervous system.

Question 36

Acid reflux into the esophagus ("heartburn") is normally prevented by

A)pharyngeal constrictors.
B)the upper esophageal sphincter.
C)the lower esophageal sphincter (LES).
D)esophageal glands.
E)pharyngeal and buccal sphincters.

Question 37

The buccal phase of swallowing is under control and the pharyngo-esophageal phase is .

A)central nervous system; also controlled by the central nervous system
B)central nervous system; controlled by autonomic reflexes
C)autonomic nervous system; controlled by autonomic reflexes
D)voluntary; also voluntary
E)involuntary; also involuntary

Question 38

Why are several digestive enzymes secreted as zymogens?

A)because this saves one step in their synthesis
B)because gastric cells do not have the necessary enzymes for their synthesis
C)so they start digesting intracellular proteins of the gastric cells more quickly
D)so they act only in the stomach lumen and do not digest intracellular proteins
E)so they can start digesting dietary proteins more quickly

Question 39

From superficial to deep, these are the structures found in a typical tooth.

A)cementum, root canal, enamel
B)enamel, root canal, dentin
C)dentin, enamel, cementum
D)enamel, dentin, pulp
E)crown, enamel, dentin

Question 40

Chemical digestion breaks down into .

A)proteins; nucleotides
B)amino acids; proteins
C)polysaccharides; amino acids
D)nucleic acids; nucleotides
E)fatty acids; cholesterol

Question 41

The three most abundant classes of nutrients are

A)carbohydrates, proteins, and minerals.
B)fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.
C)proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
D)triglycerides, starches, and proteins.
E)proteins, fats, and minerals.

Question 42

transport lipids to the surface of the intestinal absorptive cells, which process them into .

A)Fat droplets; micelles
B)Fat droplets; chylomicrons
C)Micelles; fat globules
D)Micelles; chylomicrons
E)Fat globules; micelles

Question 43

Pancreatic enzymes are secreted in response to the hormone

A)insulin.
B)cholecystokinin (CCK).
C)secretin.
D)glucagon.
E)gastrin.

Question 44

A hepatic (portal) triad consists of

A)right, left, and common hepatic ducts.
B)common hepatic duct, cystic duct, and bile duct.
C)the hepatic portal vein and two hepatic ducts.
D)bile ductule, branch of hepatic artery, and branch of hepatic portal vein.
E)a central vein, hepatic lobule, and hepatic sinusoid.

Question 45

Which of these is not a component of the pancreatic juice?

A)trypsinogen
B)chymotrypsinogen
C)deoxyribonuclease
D)sodium bicarbonate
E)enterokinase

Question 46

Which of these nutrients is absorbed by the lacteals of the small intestine?

A)triglycerides
B)amino acids
C)glucose
D)minerals
E)water-soluble vitamins

Question 47

Proteins are digested by different enzymes acting in the following sequence

A)pepsin, trypsin, carboxypeptidase, dipeptidase.
B)pepsin, trypsin, dipeptidase, carboxypeptidase.
C)trypsin, pepsin, carboxypeptidase, dipeptidase.
D)trypsin, pepsin, dipeptidase, carboxypeptidase.
E)dipeptidase, carboxypeptidase, pepsin, trypsin.

Question 48

Bacterial flora carry out all of the following except

A)digest most of the proteins we get in the diet.
B)synthesize vitamin K.
C)produce some of the gases found in flatus.
D)digest cellulose.
E)form part of the feces.

Question 49

The synthesizes bile acids by metabolizing .

A)duodenum; neutral fats
B)ileum; bilirubin
C)gallbladder; cholesterol
D)pancreas; bile salts
E)liver; cholesterol

Question 50

Lecithin prepares fats for hydrolysis by forming

A)triglycerides, fatty acids, and glycerol.
B)low density lipoproteins (LDL).
C)chylomicrons.
D)emulsification droplets.
E)micelles.

Question 51

The muscle tone of the along the colon contracts it lengthwise, causing its walls to bulge and form pouches called .

A)circular folds; ceca
B)taeniae coli; haustra
C)haustra; taeniae coli
D)internal sphincters; omental (epiploic) appendages
E)internal sphincters; ceca

Question 52

The of the small intestine is/are similar to the of the stomach.

A)villi; pyloric glands
B)rugae; Peyer patches
C)intestinal crypts; gastric pits
D)goblet cells; parietal cells
E)pyloric sphincter; ileocecal valve

Question 53

Amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the , and fatty acids are absorbed in the .

A)small intestine; large intestine
B)small intestine; liver
C)stomach; small intestine
D)stomach; large intestine
E)small intestine; small intestine too

Question 54

Which of these is the site of contact digestion?

A)gastric pits
B)surface of the gastric mucosa
C)intestinal crypts
D)brush border of the small intestine
E)cytoplasm in the cells of the small intestine

Question 55

The sodium-glucose transport protein (SGLP)

A)is a uniport carrier.
B)is an antiport carrier.
C)uses solvent drag to transport glucose and sodium.
D)transports glucose and sodium from the intestinal lumen into the epithelial cells.
E)transports glucose from the intestinal lumen into the epithelial cells, and sodium in the opposite direction.

Question 56

Which of the following enzymes functions at the lowest pH?

A)salivary amylase
B)pancreatic amylase
C)pepsin
D)trypsin
E)dipeptidase

Question 57

Of the following components of bile, only has/have a digestive function.

A)bile salts
B)bilirubin
C)cholesterol
D)phospholipids
E)neutral fats

Question 58

The small intestine has a very large absorptive surface associated with all these structures except

A)circular folds (plicae circulares).
B)intestinal length.
C)microvilli.
D)villi.
E)rugae.

Question 59

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the , whereas protein digestion begins in the .

A)liver; small intestine
B)small intestine; stomach
C)mouth; stomach
D)mouth; small intestine
E)stomach; small intestine

Question 60

break(s) down .

A)Lactase; glucose
B)Peptidases; proteins
C)Lipases; micelles
D)Lactose; lactase
E)Nucleases; nucleotides

Question 61

Defecation is stimulated by

A)the chemical composition of the feces.
B)bacterial flora in the feces.
C)water content of the feces.
D)lipid content in the feces.
E)stretching of the rectum.

Question 62

Bacteria constitute about % of the dry weight of the feces.

A)2
B)14
C)30
D)55
E)80