Deck 3: Human Energy

Question 1

The immediate source of energy for all body processes, including muscle contraction, is

A) muscle glycogen.
B) adenosine triphosphate.
C) phosphocreatine.
D) both ATP and PC.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of catabolism?

A) Increased muscle mass gained through weight training
B) Constructive metabolism
C) The changing of muscle glycogen to muscle glucose
D) The better use of oxygen following endurance training

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Studies investigating the metabolic aftereffects of exercise indicate that

A)exercise will keep the REE elevated during the recovery period at levels 20 to 25 percent higher than the pre-exercise REE.
B) hormones will influence metabolic processes in such a way that circulation and respiration will remain elevated for 6-8 hours.
C) the effect is dependent on the intensity and duration of the exercise bout.
D) the additional energy expenditure ranged from 50-100 Calories.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Type IIb muscle fibers

A) are also known as fast-twitch red fibers.
B) produce energy primarily by anaerobic processes.
C) use the ATP-PC system at a slower rate than Type I.
D) are also referred to as FOG.

Question 5

One gram of fat yields Calories.

A) 4
B) 5
C) 7
D) 9

Question 6

A type I muscle fiber

A) is called a slow-twitch red fiber.
B) can produce energy primarily by anaerobic processes.
C) is also referred to as FOG.
D) All of these statements apply to type I muscle fibers.

Question 7

The main energy source for the oxygen system during exercise of 2 hours in length would be

A) glycogen found in the muscle, liver, and blood.
B) triglycerides.
C) carbohydrates.
D) protein.

Question 8

All of the following are laboratory techniques used to measure the role of the lactic acid system in exercise EXCEPT

A) the anaerobic threshold.
B) the steady-state threshold.
C) maximal oxygen uptake.
D) onset of blood lactic acid.

Question 9

The Caloric expenditure of running one mile is approximately Calories per pound of bodyweight.

A) 0.55
B) 0.64
C) 0.73
D) 0.82

Question 10

Which of the following sport events would rely on the lactic acid system for most of the energy production?

A) Competitive weight lifting
B) The 100 meter dash
C) The 800 meter run
D) A 5 kilometer run

Question 11

The resting energy expenditure is

A) increased when the ratio of body surface area to body weight is decreased.
B) higher during adolescence than during adulthood.
C) decreased when an individual is exposed to the cold.
D) 25 percent lower for a female when compared to that of a male.

Question 12

Type IIa muscle fibers

A) are known as fast-twitch red fibers.
B) can produce energy by aerobic processes only.
C) can produce energy by the lactic acid system only.
D) are also referred to as FG.

Question 13

The oxygen system

A) produces ATP in rather large quantities from other energy sources in the body.
B) involves aerobic processing of carbohydrates to some extent, with major utilization of protein.
C) is used primarily in sports that demand strenuous exercise.
D) depends upon reactions that occur in the nucleus of the cell.

Question 14

Which of the following exercises would be the energy equivalent of jogging one mile?

A) Bicycling 3 miles
B) Leisurely walking 3 miles
C) Swimming 1/3 miles
D) In-line skating one mile at the same pace as jogging

Question 15

The elevation of the metabolic rate that occurs after ingestion of a meal is

A) increased significantly by the ingestion of fat.
B) accountable for less than 3 percent of the total daily energy expenditure.
C) referred to as dietary-induced thermogenesis or thermic effect of food.
D) significantly higher in obese subjects when compared to lean subjects.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about energy expenditure is INCORRECT?

A) The cost of running a given distance does not depend on the speed of movement
B) Hand weights seem to increase energy expenditure only when used at slower speeds
C) Swimming a given distance takes about four times as much energy as running that distance
D) The use of hand weights may exaggerate the blood pressure response

Question 17

Your total daily energy expenditure is the sum of your

A) BMR, REE, and TEF.
B) BMR, EMR, and TEF.
C) REE, RMR, and TEE.
D) REE, TEF, and TEE.

Question 18

As you perform mild to moderate exercise (up to 50 percent of your VO2 max), you will use

A) only carbohydrate energy sources.
B) blood glucose and fat.
C) 80 percent carbohydrate energy sources.
D) 95 percent carbohydrate energy sources.

Question 19

The main energy source for the lactic acid system during exercise is

A) protein.
B) phosphocreatine.
C) carbohydrates.
D) triglycerides.

Question 20

Work may be expressed as foot-pounds, kilogram-meters, and joules. In essence then, to measure work one needs to know the weight of an object and the

A) horizontal distance through which it moved.
B) vertical distance through which it moved.
C) time it took to move it.
D) horizontal distance through which it moved and the time it took to move it.

Question 21

During a ten minute period of maximal work, the contribution of the aerobic energy system to the total energy need would be

A) 95 percent.
B) 85 percent.
C) 70 percent.
D) 50 percent.

Question 22

Which of the following statements relative to exercise and metabolic rate is FALSE?

A) the intensity of the exercise is the most important factor to increase the metabolic rate
B) increased efficiency for swimming a set distance will decrease the energy cost
C) a heavier, inefficient runner will burn fewer Calories running a mile than a lighter runner
D) oxygen consumption and heart rate are two ways to monitor the metabolic rate
E) walking a mile slowly uses fewer Calories than running a mile

Question 23

When participating in very mild aerobic activities, which of the following will lead to fatigue in very prolonged bouts?

A) Diminishing carbohydrate levels.
B) Low blood-sugar levels.
C) Low stores of fat.
D) All of these answers will lead to fatigue.

Question 24

If a 70-kilogram body weight athlete was exercising at an oxygen consumption level of 2.94 liters (2,940ml) per minute, what would be the approximate MET level?

A) 8
B) 10
C) 11
D) 12
E) 14

Question 25

Which of the following energy systems has the greatest CAPACITY for energy production, i.e., endurance?

A) aerobic glycolysis
B) lactic acid
C) anaerobic glycolysis
D) anaerobic lipolysis
E) phosphagen (ATP-PC)

Question 26

In the average sedentary individual, approximately what percentage of the total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) is determined by the basal energy expenditure (BEE)?

A) less than 10
B) 10-20
C) 30-40
D) 40-50
E) greater than 50

Question 27

In very high-intensity exercise, lasting only one or two minutes, the probable cause of fatigue is

A) a depletion of phosphocreatine.
B) a depletion of carbohydrate stores.
C) loss of lipid reserves.
D) disruption of cellular metabolism caused by the accumulation of hydrogen ions.

Question 28

On a mixed diet of carbohydrate, protein, and fat, what percent of the energy expenditure at rest is derived from fat?

A) 60 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 40 percent
D) 30 percent

Question 29

Which of the following classifications of physical activity is rated as light, mild aerobic exercise because it is likely to burn less than 5 Calories per minute?

A) competitive racquetball
B) running at a speed of 7 miles per hour
C) walking at a speed of 2.0 miles per hour
D) competitive singles tennis
E) bicycling at a speed of 18 miles per hour

Question 30

Which of the following statements concerning the interrelationships between various forms of energy is FALSE?

A) a kilocalorie of energy is less than a kilojoule of energy
B) a liter of oxygen can help produce about five kilocalories when metabolizing carbohydrate
C) a gram of fat has more Calories than two grams of carbohydrate
D) a gram of fat has more Calories than a gram of protein
E) none of these statements is false; all are true

Question 31

If you exercise at an intensity of 1 liter of oxygen per minute, about how many Calories would you burn in one hour?

A) 50
B) 100
C) 300
D) 700
E) 1,000

Question 32

One liter of oxygen is the equivalent of approximately how many Calories when oxidizing carbohydrate and fat?

A) 2
B) 5
C) 8
D) 12
E) 20

Question 33

Approximately how many Calories will a 150-pound individual use while jogging a mile?

A) 70
B) 110
C) 145
D) 200
E) 250

Question 34

Which energy substance does the body use DIRECTLY to perform its multitude of functions, such as muscle contraction?

A) glycogen
B) phosphocreatine (PC)
C) ATP
D) glucose
E) oxygen

Question 35

Which body fuel can be utilized for both aerobic and anaerobic energy production?

A) blood free fatty acids
B) fat
C) protein
D) muscle triglycerides
E) muscle glycogen

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the resting metabolic rate (RMR)?

A) it is lower than the metabolic rate when sleeping
B) it is higher in men than in women
C) it generally declines with age
D) it is increased somewhat for 30 minutes or more following a bout of intense exercise
E) it may be higher following the ingestion of caffeine-containing coffee

Question 37

Which one of the following statements about fatigue is true?

A) Fatigue may only be physiological in nature
B) The site of fatigue is classified solely in the central nervous system
C) Fatigue is always due to an insufficient supply of the optimal energy source
D) The most important factor in the prevention of fatigue during exercise is training

Question 38

Which energy system would predominate in an all-out, high-intensity, 100-meter dash in track?

A) ATP-PC (phosphagen)
B) Lactic acid (anaerobic glycolysis)
C) Aerobic glycolysis
D) Aerobic lipolysis
E) Aerobic proteolysis

Question 39

In Europe, the energy value of food is expressed in:

A) milligrams
B) ounces
C) Calories
D) kilojoules
E) micrograms

Question 40

Which of the following energy sources found in the human body represents the LOWEST storage of potential energy in the form of total Calories?

A) muscle protein
B) liver glycogen
C) muscle glycogen
D) adipose tissue triglycerides
E) blood glucose

Question 41

Parts of each energy nutrient may be converted to the other two nutrients in the body under certain
circumstances.

Question 42

Regulatory nutrients, such as water, vitamins, and minerals, are essential for proper utilization of body
energy sources.

Question 43

During glycolysis, one six carbon sugar (glucose) is broken down to:

A) Two 3 carbon molecules of pyruvate
B) One 3 carbon molecule of pyruvate
C) Six four carbon citrates
D) 3 NADH and 4 FADH2

Question 44

One glucose molecule that is processed through the lactic acid system (sometimes called anaerobic/ fast glycolysis) yields:

A) 130 ATP
B) 32 net ATP
C) 2 net ATP
D) 1 net ATP

Question 45

The greatest amount of energy stored in our body is in the form of:

A) Triglycerides in our muscles and in our adipose
B) Glycogen in our liver and in our muscles
C) Triglycerides in our liver
D) ATP

Question 46

Brian learns in his favorite nutrition class that he gets a larger percentage of energy from fat when he is sleeping than when he runs intensely for 3 miles. He decides that the best way for him to reduce his body fat is by sleeping all day. What is going to happen to Brian?

A) Brian will lose the most fat if he sleeps all day.
B) Brian will only lose weight if he exercises at exercise intensities low enough to get him in his "fat burning zone."
C) Brian will burn mostly phosphocreatine and lactic acid as he sleeps, so this makes no sense.
D) Brian will not lose weight sleeping, it matters how many total calories of fat he will expend, not
What percent of his expended calories come from fat.

Question 47

The rate of energy production for the ATP PCR system is about , while the rate of energy production from fat is about

A) 15 to 20 kcal/min; 2.5 kcal/min.
B) 2.5 kcal/min; 15 to 20 kcal/min.
C) 200 kcal/min; 25 kcal/min. D. 5 kcal/min; 5 kcal/min. The rate of energy production is similar between these systems, but the
Amount stored in the body is very different.

Question 48

In humans, the majority of glucose is:

A) Stored in the liver as glycogen
B) Stored in the muscles as glycogen
C) Carried in the blood as blood sugar
D) Stored in the fat as monosaccharides

Question 49

Other than when sleeping, the basal metabolic rate is the lowest rate of energy expenditure.

Question 50

To convert Calories to kilojoules, divide the number of Calories by 42.

Question 51

The sun is the ultimate source of energy.

Question 52

If you were to stand up during this exam, and sprint down the hall and out of the building (about 10 seconds of activity), what fuel sources would allow you to do this?

A) All stored ATP and phosphocreatine
B) All stored carbohydrate
C) All stored fat
D) Mostly stored ATP and phosphocreatine, but also some glycogen and fat

Question 53

The unit of measure equal to the energy needed to raise one kilogram of water one degree Celsius is:

A) a gram
B) calorie
C) tesla
D) kilocalories

Question 54

Which system produces ATP via the Krebs cycle?

A) ATP-PC
B) phosphagen
C) anaerobic glycolysis
D) lactic acid
E) oxygen

Question 55

Which energy system has the greatest POWER generating ability, i.e., speed?

A) ATP-PC
B) lactic acid
C) anaerobic glycolysis
D) aerobic glycolysis
E) aerobic lipolysis

Question 56

Work is one form of energy, often called mechanical energy.

Question 57

Calorimeters were developed to measure chemical, as well as, mechanical energy.

Question 58

The fact that alcohol and fat have about twice the amount of energy per gram as either carbohydrate or
protein means that they are better energy sources for the active individual.

Question 59

The lactic acid system, like ATP, is a direct source of energy for muscular contraction.

Question 60

Which of the following training adaptations would be of MOST use to an athlete competing in the 100-meter dash (less than 10 seconds)?

A) Increased number of mitochondria
B) Increased fat burning capacity
C) Increased efficiency of the electron transport system
D) Increased stores of phosphocreatine

Question 61

The ATP-PC system predominates during the longer sprints and middle distance runs.

Question 62

To increase your daily energy expenditure, concentrate on heavy physical activities and incorporate
them into your lifestyle three times per week.

Question 63

As you exceed 50 percent of your VO2 max, you begin to rely more and more on fat as an energy
source.

Question 64

Laboratory tests are necessary to measure the contribution of the oxygen system during exercise,
although this is the least commonly used technique for measuring exercise intensity.

Question 65

is designed to provide accurate measurement of work.

A) Watts
B) Ergometer
C) Calorimeter
D) Heart rate monitor

Question 66

The oxygen system possesses a lower rate of ATP production, but its capacity for total ATP
production is much greater.

Question 67

The lactic acid system predominates in short, powerful bursts of muscular activity.

Question 68

The unavailability of PCr may impact the athlete's performance.

Question 69

Investigations have noted that the increases or decreases noted in the TEF due to exercise were minor,
averaging about 5-9 Calories for several hours.

Question 70

Under normal conditions, exercise duration is the key factor in determining whether carbohydrate or
fat is used.

Question 71

The longer you exercise, the less your intensity has to be, and the more you rely on your oxygen
system for energy production.

Question 72

At high walking speeds, you may possibly expend more energy than if you jogged at the same
speed.

Question 73

Both ATP and Pcr are immediate source of energy used by the cells.

Question 74

The intensity of our exercise is inversely related to the duration of our exercise.

Question 75

The most important factor affecting the metabolic rate is the intensity or speed of the exercise.

Question 76

In-line skating at approximately the same speed as running would use about the same number of
Calories per mile.

Question 77

The most important factor determining which energy system will be used is the intensity of the
exercise.

Question 78

is the measurement of heat production by the body.

A) Power
B) Joule
C) Calorimetry
D) Ergometer

Question 79

It is relatively simple to predict your exact metabolic rate from your exercise heart rate, if a basic
formula is followed.

Question 80

The MET is a unit that represents multiples of the thermal energy expenditure rate.