Deck 11: Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Question 1

The most common method of asexual reproduction is

A) budding.
B) sporulation.
C) snapping division.
D) binary fission.
E) fragmentation.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following groups of bacteria is named for its resemblance to fungi?

A) Staphylococcus
B) Clostridium
C) Corynebacterium
D) Actinomyces
E) Lactobacillus

Answer 2

D

Question 3

All of the following terms can be used to refer to both a bacterial genus and an arrangement or shape of bacterial cells EXCEPT:

A) sarcina.
B) tetrad.
C) staphylococcus.
D) bacillus.
E) streptococcus.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

All of the following are true of hyperthermophilic archaea EXCEPT:

A) they are usually in the phylum Crenarchaeota.
B) they are extremophiles.
C) they can reproduce below 80°C.
D) their DNA polymerase is used to automate PCR.
E) they are prokaryotic.

Question 5

All of the following are associated with different members of the genus Bacillus EXCEPT:

A) anthrax.
B) tuberculosis.
C) protection of plants from insect pests.
D) synthesis of antibiotics.
E) formation of endospores.

Question 6

Low G + C Gram- positive bacteria are

A) in the phylum Firmicutes.
B) Clostridia.
C) Mycoplasma.
D) Both A and B are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic cell arrangement associated with the causative agent of diphtheria?

A) staphylococci
B) sarcinae
C) diplococci
D) palisades
E) tetrads

Question 8

Which of the following groups is noted for being pleomorphic?

A) streptococci
B) actinomycetes
C) mycoplasmas
D) clostridia
E) lactobacilli

Question 9

Which of the following types of microbes might be found in the Dead Sea?

A) halophiles
B) actinomycetes
C) methanogens
D) phototrophic bacteria
E) hyperthermophiles

Question 10

All of the following characteristics are used to distinguish the archaea from the bacteria EXCEPT:

A) the rRNA sequences present.
B) the types of transfer RNA used.
C) the ability to cause disease.
D) cell membrane composition.
E) cell wall composition.

Question 11

Endospores

A) are bacterial reproductive structures.
B) are resistant to everything except radiation.
C) can be produced when nutrients are scarce.
D) can last for only about 100 years.
E) are produced by bacteria, algae, and fungi.

Question 12

Which of the following types of phototrophic bacteria have characteristics most similar to plants and algae?

A) green nonsulfur bacteria
B) cyanobacteria
C) purple nonsulfur bacteria
D) purple sulfur bacteria
E) green sulfur bacteria

Question 13

Bergey's Manual contains

A) classification schemes for prokaryotes.
B) treatments for bacterial diseases.
C) rules for naming new bacterial species.
D) genetic sequences of prokaryotes.
E) recipes for bacterial growth media.

Question 14

Which of the following groups of bacteria live in environments similar to those that may have existed on the early Earth?

A) mycoplasmas
B) proteobacteria
C) deeply branching bacteria
D) cyanobacteria
E) thermophiles

Question 15

Heterocysts assist cyanobacteria with which of the following processes?

A) nitrogen fixation
B) reproduction
C) photosynthesis
D) formation of galls
E) nitrification

Question 16

Which of the following bacterial genera is used for the degradation of environmental pollutants?

A) Corynebacterium
B) Rhizobium
C) Nocardia
D) Streptomyces
E) Actinomyces

Question 17

The largest group of archaea is the

A) thermophiles.
B) hyperthermophiles.
C) methanogens.
D) halophiles.
E) cyanobacteria.

Question 18

Tetanus, botulism, and gangrene are all associated with which of the following?

A) mycoplasmas
B) actinomycetes
C) streptococci
D) clostridia
E) lactobacilli

Question 19

Pleomorphic bacteria

A) are flexible.
B) reproduce by snapping division.
C) have a slightly curved rod shape.
D) vary in size and shape.
E) are roughly spherical.

Question 20

Which of the following bacterial genera protects areas of the body such as the intestinal tract and the vagina from invasion by pathogens?

A) Mycobacterium
B) Staphylococcus
C) Listeria
D) Lactobacillus
E) Corynebacterium

Question 21

What is the significance of the alphaproteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus?

A) It is the first bacterium known to exhibit viviparity.
B) It parasitizes other bacteria.
C) It can degrade many types of pollutants.
D) It produces the strongest glue of biological origin.
E) It produces a toxin used as an insecticide.

Question 22

Members of which of the following genera are the most common sexually transmitted bacteria in the United States?

A) Helicobacter
B) Treponema
C) Bacteroides
D) Rickettsia
E) Chlamydia

Question 23

All of the following are arrangements associated with cocci EXCEPT:

A) palisades.
B) tetrads.
C) pairs.
D) clusters.
E) chains.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT associated with bacteria in the genus Streptomyces?

A) the "musty" smell of soil
B) microbial antagonism
C) nutrient recycling in soil
D) antibiotic production
E) protecting plants against caterpillars

Question 25

When an endospore germinates, it gives rise to two daughter cells called vegetative cells.

Question 26

All of the following statements concerning prokaryotic reproduction are true EXCEPT:

A) Some bacteria reproduce by budding.
B) Cell division is often asymmetric.
C) After binary fission is completed, the original cell disappears.
D) Binary fission is the most common type of prokaryotic reproduction.
E) Snapping division is associated with some species of Gram- positive bacteria.

Question 27

Classification of bacteria into different phyla is done by comparisons involving which of the following?

A) protein sequences
B) cell wall composition
C) DNA sequences
D) Both A and C are correct.
E) Both A and B are correct.

Question 28

Which of the following bacterial genera is useful for sewage treatment?

A) Neisseria
B) Zoogloea
C) Thiobacillus
D) Spirillum
E) Nitrosomonas

Question 29

All of the following are true of Rickettsia EXCEPT:

A) they cause diseases such as typhus.
B) they are obligate intracellular bacteria.
C) they are alphaproteobacteria.
D) they cause diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
E) they use glucose for ATP production.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT true of pseudomonads?

A) They include Pseudomonas and Azotobacter.
B) They often contaminate food products.
C) They are symbiotic with plants for nitrogen fixation.
D) They are Gram- negative rods.
E) They cause urinary tract infections.

Question 31

All of the following are true of Epulopiscium EXCEPT:

A) it was first considered a eukaryote.
B) it reproduces by binary fission.
C) it is related to Clostridium.
D) it is large enough to be seen without a microscope.
E) it is peritrichous.

Question 32

Cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll a and carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis.

Question 33

A flexible, spiral- shaped bacterium is called a

A) coccobacillus.
B) spirillum.
C) sarcinae.
D) vibrio.
E) spirochete.

Question 34

All of the following bacteria are intracellular parasites of other cells or organisms EXCEPT:

A) Legionella
B) Borrelia
C) Rickettsia
D) Bdellovibrio
E) Chlamydia

Question 35

Bacilli can divide in any plane, resulting in a variety of cellular arrangements.

Question 36

Which of the following bacterial genera plays an important role in environmental nitrogen cycles?

A) Azospirillum
B) Rhizobium
C) Nitrobacter
D) Both A and B are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.

Question 37

Halophiles are dependent on high salt concetrations for their growth and reproduction.

Question 38

The largest class of proteobacteria is the

A) gammaproteobacteria
B) deltaproteobacteria.
C) alphaproteobacteria.
D) betaproteobacteria.
E) epsilonproteobacteria.

Question 39

Alphaproteobacteria use which of the following for attachment and nutrient absorption?

A) elementary bodies
B) flocs
C) prosthecae
D) nodules
E) galls

Question 40

The Archaea are classified in three phyla.

Question 41

Mycobacteria are named for the large quantities of mycolic acid in their cell walls.

Question 42

The are a group of Gram- positive bacteria that form branching filaments resembling those of fungi.

Question 43

Cocci can be spherical as well as kidney shaped.

Question 44

A bacterial cell that produces an endospore is called a(n) .

Question 45

Some strains of Staphylococcus aureus can invade the body and cause diseases such as pneumonia and bacteremia.

Question 46

are bacteria that can colonize and spoil meats preserved with high concentrations of salt.

Question 47

The conversion of ammonia into nitrate is an example of a process called .

Question 48

The are a group of Gram- negative bacteria that include obligate anaerobes normally found in the intestinal tracts of animals and humans.

Question 49

is an abnormal decrease in the number of white blood cells that is associated with Ehrlichia
infection.

Question 50

are unusual structures associated with the alphaproteobacteria, consisting of an extension of the cytoplasm surrounded by the cell membrane and cell wall.

Question 51

The elementary body is the infective stage of organisms in the genus .

Question 52

Myxobacteria exhibit traits, such as cooperation and differentiation, that are not normally observed in prokaryotes.

Question 53

Plant tumors caused by Agrobacterium infections are called .

Question 54

A genetic determination used in classification of the different taxa of Gram- positive bacteria is the ratio.

Question 55

Burkholderia is a common opportunistic pathogen of patients with .

Question 56

Epulopiscium is an unusual bacterium that gives "birth" to as many as twelve live offspring in a phenomenon called .

Question 57

Metachromatic granules are characteristic of actinomycetes.

Question 58

is a special photosynthetic pigment used only by the green and purple phototrophic bacteria.

Question 59

are bacteria that use chlorophyll a and engage in oxygenic photosynthesis, just like plants and algae.

Question 60

Akinetes are thick- walled spores produced by some species of _ .

Question 61

Explain why it is beneficial for some bacteria to invade host cells, and describe two examples.

Question 62

Explain the significance of endospores.

Question 63

Describe the major taxonomic divisions of prokaryotic organisms.

Question 64

Describe the similarities and differences observed among phototrophic bacteria.

Question 65

How is binary fission different from the other major types of bacterial reproduction?