Deck 10: Making Sense of Multivariate Statistics

Question 1

An agency analyst seeks to utilize multiple regression analysis for a study on health care .She wants to specifically determine if the outcome of a policy is explained by other factors (such as staffing, budgets, technical resources) .In this research design, policy outcome is the ______variable, while the other factors represent the ________variables.

A)Dependent, independent
B)Independent, dependent
C)Cross-tab, functional
D)Intermediate, Advanced

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Researchers use ___ equations where the log odds of an event are predicted, and _______ equations where the probability is predicteD.

A)Surface, interface
B)Decimal, cyclical
C)Focal, prospect
D)Logit, probit

Answer 2

D

Question 3

________ combines both factor and path analysis into one estimation methoD.

A)Effective attribute modeling
B)Structural equation modeling
C)Systematic formula modeling
D)Core equation modeling

Answer 3

B

Question 4

An ____ variable is the product of two other variables, such as the product of the variables, hypertension and diabetes.

A)Interaction
B)Interrelated
C)Interface
D)Encompassing

Question 5

The _______ is the most easily interpretable method for doing a multiple regression with a dummy dependent variable.

A)Curvilinear regression fit
B)Linear probability model
C)Sequential fit model
D)Allocated effects model

Question 6

A researcher wanted to know whether contracting out government services improves municipal efficiency .The political party in charge is unrelated to its government's efficiency but strongly correlated with contracting out .If political party were added as a control variable in this model, the standard error would most likely ...

A)Increase
B)Decrease
C)Remain the same
D)Impossible to say
The table on the next page is taken from "Maternal Employment and Teenage Childbearing" by Leonard Lopoo in the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 24(1) 2004.We will only consider the OLS regression results.The unit of analysis is the mother.The variable "daughter has a birth at age 17 or 18" is a dummy variable with the meaning implieD."Mother's education" refers to the years of education that a mother has."Mother's annual work hours" is the hours worked during the year.Use the table to answer the following questions:

Question 7

____ estimates the pattern of relationships between variables in a presumed causal structure.

A)Exploratory factor analysis
B)Principal components analysis
C)Path analysis
D)Confirmatory factor analysis

Question 8

An example of a statistical software package that can be used to run multiple regressions would be:

A)SAS
B)SPSS
C)Stata
D)All of the above

Question 9

____ is a method that uses data from time series in the past to predict future values of the dependent variable.

A)Panel data methods
B)Forecasting
C)Spatial analysis
D)Survival analysis

Question 10

In measuring the outputs of her program, an analyst found that one of the independent variables she is using is a perfectly correlated to another, forcing her to use only one of the two in her multiple regression analysis .This is an example of:

A)Perfect multicollinearity
B)Perfect magnitude
C)Extreme correlation
D)Flawless relatedness

Question 11

Professor Jones wants to adjust for the number of variables in her multiple regression equation so as to increase the predictive power of her newly added variable .To do so, she will use the:

A)Multiplied R-squared
B)Reactive R-squared
C)Adjusted R-squared
D)Enhanced R-squared

Question 12

A researcher is examining weight in relation to exercise patterns .Since weight cannot take on negative values below zero, it is considered to be a:

A)Bounded dependent variable
B)Capped dependent variable
C)Limited dependent variable
D)Constrained dependent variable

Question 13

In his research on college students, Professor Gupta is interested in grouping several of his variables on study habits into a smaller set of underlying factors which measure student success in college .He is using the method of:

A)Factor analysis
B)Reduction analysis
C)Diminishment analysis
D)None of the above

Question 14

In conducting multiple regression analysis, a researcher must be aware that other factors and influences may also affect the standard error, such as:

A)How spread out the data are from the best-fit regression line
B)The amount of variation in the independent variable
C)Whether the independent variables are highly correlated with one another
D)All of the above

Question 15

In order to distinguish between a set of dummy variables that have multiple categories so that the regression coefficients produce contrasts, the research may use what is referred to as:

A)Seamless coding
B)Linear coding
C)Effect coding
D)Relative coding

Question 16

____ often consist of repeated measures of the same variable from the same individuals over time.

A)Panel data
B)Time series data
C)Cross sectional data
D)Forecasted data

Question 17

Professor Nguyen is interested in studying the effects of gender on shopping practices .In her study, she distinguishes between gender by having a variable which takes on the value of 1 for females and takes on the value of 0 for males .This is an example of using a(n):

A)Dummy variable
B)Coded variable
C)Imperfect variable
D)Identified variable

Question 18

Professor Hernandez is interested in comparing the means of a dependent variable across treatment categories for an experimental research project she has conducteD .She can use the method:

A)Evaluation of change
B)Assessment of rate
C)Analysis of variance
D)Analysis of indicators

Question 19

Professor Goldman is interested in looking at education at the individual level, training at the organizational level, and industry growth at the national level .She is creating a:

A)Integrated design model
B)Cross-perspective model
C)Multitiered model
D)Multilevel model

Question 20

To compare the relative importance of independent variables in predicting dependent variable variation, you should look at the

A)Standard deviations
B)Standard errors
C)Coefficients
D)Standardized coefficients

Question 21

Which of the following statements are true:

A)"Whether daughter has a birth at 17 or 18" is statistically significant at the 1% level
B)"Whether daughter has a birth at 17 or 18" is statistically significant at the 5% level
C)"Whether daughter has a birth at 17 or 18" is statistically significant at the 10% level
D)"Whether daughter has a birth at 17 or 18" is not statistically significant at any of these levels

Question 22

Which of the following statements are true:

A)Holding constant all other independent variables, for every additional year old a mother was when giving birth, her annual work hours are predicted to increase by 6.79.
B)Holding constant all other independent variables, for every additional year of education a mother has, her annual work hours are predicted to increase by 28.38.
C)Both A and B
D)None of the above

Question 23

In a survey, an individual's health insurance status is reported as being in one of the following categories: Medicare, Medicaid, Employer provided insurance, Individual private insurance, Other insurance or UninsureD .If health insurance status is to be used as an independent variable in a regression, the following are acceptable combinations of dummy variables:

A)Medicare, Medicaid, Employer, Individual, Other, Uninsured
B)Medicare, Medicaid, Employer, Individual, Other
C)Medicare, Medicaid, Employer, Individual, Uninsured
D)B and C e.All of the above
Please read the descriptions of the following hypothetical research findings, look at the regression tables, and answer the questions.
A study focused on factors influencing state spending on social services per capita (in dollars per capita)

Question 24

A simple regression is run with the log of annual income in dollars as the dependent variable and the number of years of education as the independent variable .The coefficient of education will provide the following information:

A)The percent change in income predicted for a one percent increase in education.
B)The percent change in income predicted for a one-year increase in education.
C)The dollar change in income predicted for a one percent increase in education.
D)The dollar change in income predicted for a one-year increase in education. e.None of the above