Deck 4: Measurement

Question 1

Random measurement error, or noise, refers to:

A)Errors which should be ignored in the research process
B)Errors which one researcher discovers but not another
C)Errors that are random and which average out to zero
D)Errors that are systematic and regular

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A measure of pain which captures the full range of variation would differentiate between "no" pain, "some" pain, "moderate" pain, and so forth .Based on this description, the measure has

A)Content validity
B)Criterion-related validity
C)Concurrent validity
D)Predictive validity

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Scales and indexes are measures composed of multiple

A)Proxies
B)Protocols
C)Indicators
D)Nominal variables

Answer 3

C

Question 4

______ are tools that help researchers measure something.

A)Modules
B)Instruments
C)Elements
D)Dialogues

Question 5

The concept or trait that we seek to measure is called

A)Measure
B)Construct
C)Dimension
D)Indicator

Question 6

_____ are two broad levels of measurement that researchers distinguish between when deciding how to produce data for analysis.

A)Quantitative variables, structural variables
B)Distinct variables, nondistinct variables
C)Quantitative variables, categorical variables
D)None of the above

Question 7

The _________ is the precise meaning of the numbers appearing in a data set.

A)Unit of measurement
B)Unit of impact
C)Unit of exploration
D)Unit of discovery

Question 8

_____ is the specific procedure a researcher carries out in making and recording a measurement

A)Operationalization
B)Conceptualization
C)Instrumentation
D)Validation

Question 9

_________ reliability refers to how similar the scores of interviewers / raters are when they measure the same person or object, which has the potential to significantly affect the findings and outcome of a study.

A)Interrater
B)Observer
C)Mediator
D)Leveler

Question 10

All of the following are true of the concept of measurement in research except:

A)Measurement is quantitative but not qualitative
B)Measurement may occur in both qualitative and quantitative research
C)Measurement works toward the systematic study of a phenomenon,
D)Measurement is considered in terms of conceptualization, validity, and reliability

Question 11

A study found that college students who score higher on a measure of "public service motivation" (which includes dimensions such as attraction to policy-making, feelings of compassion, and attitudes about civic duty) are more likely to work for a government agency or nonprofit organization rather than a for-profit business when they graduate .Based on this description, this measure has

A)Predictive validity
B)Reliability
C)Convergent validity
D)Content validity

Question 12

In research, measurement allows for:

A)Systematic observation of some feature or characteristic of the world
B)Recording of observations in the form of a number or category
C)The characteristics of what is being observed to be more effectively organized and understood
D)All of the above

Question 13

To measure individualism, a study included survey questions based on three components of the concept: autonomy, mature self-responsibility, and uniqueness .These three components can be referred to as

A)Constructs
B)Scales
C)Dimensions
D)None of the above

Question 14

A survey asked several closely related questions about attitudes toward work in order to measure job satisfaction .This type of measure is

A)An index
B)A scale
C)A proxy
D)A dimension

Question 15

A teacher wanted to try out a new test to measure eighth grade students' knowledge of geometry .The students took the test on Monday and the same test again on Wednesday .Although there were no new geometry lessons that week, the students' scores were much different .Some scored higher the second time, while others scored lower .This method for determining reliability is called

A)Parallel forms reliability
B)Split-half reliability
C)Test-retest reliability
D)Face reliability

Question 16

Researchers developing the HIV-Knowledge Questionnaire found that it was positively correlated with other similar measures such as the AIDS Risk Behavior Knowledge Test .Based on this description, the measure has

A)Face validity
B)Concurrent validity
C)Discriminant validity
D)Predictive validity

Question 17

______ is defining carefully and precisely what it is that will be measureD.

A)Conceptualization
B)Primary
C)Integration
D)Marginalization

Question 18

Measurement involves ______, or specified procedures for using the tools of measurement properly.

A)Throughputs
B)Queries
C)Protocols
D)Functions

Question 19

_____ constructs are related to hidden traits such as self-esteem and knowledge of mathematics and language arts which are more difficult to measure, while _______ constructs refer to more directly observable traits such as height and weight.

A)Latent, manifest
B)Manifest, vague
C)Vague, obvious
D)None of the above

Question 20

______ deals with the measurement of latent traits or constructs using composite measures constructed of multiple items.

A)Quantimetrics
B)Psychometrics
C)Asymetrics
D)Polymetrics

Question 21

A survey about obesity asked each respondent to record his or her exact weight in kilograms. What is the level of measurement?

A)Quantitative
B)Categorical
C)Kilograms
D)Individuals

Question 22

A survey about obesity asked each respondent to record his or her exact weight in kilograms. What is the unit of analysis?

A)Quantitative
B)Categorical
C)Kilograms
D)Individuals

Question 23

A researcher was interested in how women's hair color affected their self-image .A focus group was conducted, and research assistants recorded the hair color of each individual from behind a two-way mirror. Some of the research assistants disagreed about hair color (for instance, whether someone's hair was red or brown) .The researcher examined how often the research assistants agreed or disagreed about hair color .This is called

A)Parallel forms reliability
B)Intercoder reliability
C)Convergent validity
D)Face validity

Question 24

A survey about obesity asked each respondent to record his or her exact weight in kilograms. What is the unit of measurement?

A)Quantitative
B)Categorical
C)Kilograms
D)Individuals

Question 25

Convergent and discriminant validity are forms of

A)Face validity
B)Content validity
C)Predictive validity
D)Criterion-related validity

Question 26

Researchers have created measures of social capital, a concept involving networks, norms and social trust .Extensive theories and models have been developed based on social capital's correlation with urbanization, religiosity, income inequality and other variables .These tests of correlation are known as

A)Face validity
B)Reliability
C)Nomological validity
D)None of the above

Question 27

A researcher was interested in how women's hair color affected their self-image .A focus group was conducted, and research assistants recorded the hair color of each individual from behind a two-way mirror. Each woman in the focus group was asked whether she had ever dyed her hair or not .This is a ____ variable.

A)Dummy
B)Nominal
C)Ordinal
D)Interval

Question 28

A researcher was interested in how women's hair color affected their self-image .A focus group was conducted, and research assistants recorded the hair color of each individual from behind a two-way mirror. What type of variable is hair color in this example?

A)Dummy
B)Nominal
C)Ordinal
D)Interval

Question 29

___________ validity asks whether a measure correlates with other closely related measures found in the same data set.

A)Convergent
B)Nomological
C)Predictive
D)Functional