Deck 1: Botany: an Introduction

Question 1

Which of the following statements concerning primitive cells is FALSE?

A) They used organic molecules to satisfy their energy requirements.
B) They constructed new cells from organic molecules made via photosynthesis.
C) They acquired the ability to grow.
D) They acquired the ability to reproduce.
E) They acquired the ability to pass on their characteristics to subsequent generations

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which are prokaryotic organisms?

A) cyanobacteria and archaea
B) oak trees and elephants
C) archaea and humans
D) dandelions and animals
E) bacteria and amoebas

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Ozone in the outer layer of the atmosphere has important consequences for living things in that it:

A) is a pollutant.
B) is involved directly in respiration.
C) aids in the aggregation of molecules.
D) absorbs ultraviolet rays from sunlight.
E) is used by autotrophs to make sugars.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The function of the cuticle is:

A) absorbing water.
B) retarding water loss.
C) anchoring the plant.
D) providing support.
E) carrying out photosynthesis.

Question 5

The first cells on Earth were most likely:

A) bacteria.
B) autotrophs.
C) eukaryotes.
D) proteinoid microspheres.
E) archaeans.

Question 6

Prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in that prokaryotic cells:

A) lack chromosomes.
B) lack a nuclear envelope.
C) contain mitochondria.
D) contain chloroplasts.
E) contain genetic material.

Question 7

Which of the following statements concerning stomata is FALSE?.

A) They form a waxy covering on all aboveground portions of the plant.
B) They consist of a pair of guard cells.
C) They are found in the epidermis.
D) They help maintain a balance between water loss and oxygen and carbon dioxide requirements.
E) They open and close.

Question 8

Atmospheric levels of oxygen gas approached modern levels approximately ______ years ago.

A) 5 billion
B) 500 million
C) 50 million
D) 5 million
E) 500 thousand

Question 9

Life existed on Earth as early as ______ years ago.

A) 300 to 400 thousand
B) 3 to 4 million
C) 300 to 400 million
D) 3 to 4 billion
E) 300 to 400 billion

Question 10

On Mars, there is evidence for the presence of water in the form of______.

A) ice only.
B) liquid water only
C) snow only
D) ice and liquid water but not snow
E) ice, liquid water and snow

Question 11

The oxygen gas released in photosynthesis originates from:

A) carbon dioxide.
B) water.
C) ozone.
D) sugar.
E) nitrates.

Question 12

The function of stomata is:

A) providing support.
B) anchoring the plant.
C) regulating the exchange of gases.
D) transporting food.
E) adding cells to the plant body.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about proteinoid microspheres is FALSE?

A) They are thought to be the first forms of life.
B) They grow by the accumulation of additional proteinoid material.
C) They are cell-like structures.
D) They are assemblages of organic molecules.
E) They can be produced in the laboratory.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about photosynthetic autotrophs is FALSE?

A) They obtain their required organic compounds from external sources.
B) They channel radiant energy into the biosphere.
C) The word autotroph means "self-feeder."
D) They have a complex pigment system.
E) An example of an autotroph is a plant.

Question 15

The process of photosynthesis results in the formation of two substances essential to our existence:

A) chlorophyll and water.
B) electrons and protons.
C) sugar and oxygen.
D) sugar and water.
E) chlorophyll and oxygen.

Question 16

A heterotroph:

A) is a "self-feeder."
B) uses energy from the sun to make food.
C) is exemplified by a fungus.
D) makes its own energy-rich molecules from simple inorganic materials.
E) is exemplified by algae.

Question 17

Which of the following statements concerning the earliest photosynthetic organisms is FALSE?

A) They were simple compared to plants.
B) They were more complex than primitive heterotrophs.
C) They had a complex pigment system.
D) They had a way of storing energy in an organic molecule.
E) They have been found in rocks 4 billion years old.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation of photosynthetic organisms to rocky coasts?

A) a multicellular body
B) strong cell walls
C) structures to anchor their bodies
D) food-conducting tissues
E) pigment systems

Question 19

Which of the following statements about stromatolites is FALSE?

A) They contain layers of microorganisms.
B) They contain sediment.
C) They are fossil structures, with none alive today.
D) They can be formed by cyanobacteria.
E) They provide information about the earliest forms of life.

Question 20

Respiration refers to the process by which organisms:

A) absorb carbon dioxide under aerobic conditions.
B) absorb oxygen.under anaerobic conditions.
C) break down molecules under aerobic conditions.
D) break down molecules under anaerobic conditions.
E) produce sugars under aerobic conditions.

Question 21

The function of phloem is to ______.

A) retard water loss.
B) transport water
C) transport oxygen
D) photosynthesize
E) transport food

Question 22

The greenhouse effect refers to the:

A) depletion of the ozone layer.
B) increased incidence of skin cancer.
C) problem of feeding the world's population.
D) trapping of heat radiated from Earth.
E) disappearance of species.

Question 23

On the early Earth, hydrothermal vents provided one source of organic molecules.

Question 24

If a plant is a vascular plant, then by definition that plant must contain ______.

A) cork
B) phloem
C) a cuticle
D) stomata
E) guard cells

Question 25

Secondary growth refers to growth:

A) that is of secondary importance to the plant.
B) that results in the extension of roots and stems.
C) originating from apical meristems.
D) originating from lateral meristems.
E) originating from the epidermis.

Question 26

The projected human population of the Earth by 2050 is _____ billion.

A) 5
B) 9
C) 16
D) 21
E) 31

Question 27

Cytology is the study of:

A) energy transformations.
B) plant form.
C) heredity.
D) fossil plants.
E) cell structure, function, and life histories.

Question 28

Humans first appeared about ______ years ago.

A) 2000
B) 200,000
C) 2 million
D) 20 million
E) 200 million

Question 29

Natural communities of organisms of wide extent, characterized by distinctive, climatically controlled groups of plants and animals, are called:

A) biospheres.
B) ecosystems.
C) aggregations.
D) species.
E) biomes

Question 30

Phytoremediation refers to the process by which plants:

A) clean up polluted environments.
B) deter pests.
C) control weeds.
D) form hybrids.
E) transfer genes.

Question 31

Evidence exists for the presence of ice but not liquid water on Mars.

Question 32

What organisms are found at the base of productivity in almost all ecosystems?

A) photosynthetic bacteria and algae only
B) animals only
C) plants and algae only
D) photosynthetic bacteria, algae, and plants only
E) photosynthetic bacteria, algae, plants, and animals

Question 33

In all ecosystems, heterotrophs are completely dependent on the productivity of all the following groups of organisms EXCEPT:

A) animals.
B) autotrophs.
C) photosynthetic bacteria.
D) plants.
E) algae

Question 34

A seed is composed of three parts:

A) root, stem, and leaves.
B) xylem, phloem, and seed coat.
C) seed coat, embryo, and food supply.
D) apical meristems, lateral meristems, and seed coat.
E) spore coat, embryo, and vascular system.

Question 35

Water is transported upward through the plant body in the:

A) epidermis.
B) cork.
C) xylem.
D) phloem.
E) apical meristems.

Question 36

The food manufactured by photosynthesis is transported throughout the plant body in the:

A) epidermis.
B) cork.
C) xylem.
D) phloem.
E) apical meristems.

Question 37

The development of agriculture started at least ______ years ago.

A) 1000
B) 10,000
C) 100,000
D) 1 million
E) 10 million

Question 38

Proteinoid microspheres provide evidence that organic molecules in water can aggregate into cell-like structures

Question 39

The activity of the ______ results in a thickening of stems, branches, and roots.

A) xylem and phloem regions
B) epidermal regions
C) vascular systems
D) lateral meristems
E) apical meristems

Question 40

In perennials, the ______ is most similar in function to the cuticle-covered epidermis of annuals.

A) xylem
B) phloem
C) stoma
D) vascular cambium
E) cork

Question 41

In an ecosystem, elements and energy are recycled.

Question 42

A plant must first exhibit primary growth before it can exhibit secondary growth.

Question 43

Mycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic relationships with their plant hosts.

Question 44

The evolution of the seed was important because the seed confers protection and nutrition to the embryo.

Question 45

In plants, water moves in a continuous stream from roots to stems to leaves.

Question 46

Perennials have a life-span of only one year.

Question 47

An example of a seed plant is a fern.

Question 48

An ecosystem consists of living organisms and their nonliving environment.

Question 49

Apical meristems are responsible for the extension of the plant body.

Question 50

Plants that contain xylem and phloem are called vascular plants.

Question 51

Most likely, autotrophs evolved before heterotrophs.

Question 52

One effect of chlorofluorocarbons has been to deplete the ozone layer.

Question 53

In annuals, the stem becomes woody and covered with cork.

Question 54

Just about all organisms use the same genetic code.

Question 55

The greenhouse effect is caused by the trapping of ozone in the stratosphere.

Question 56

Primary growth results in a thickening of the stem and root.

Question 57

Xylem transports water through the plant body.

Question 58

Plant morphology is the study of the form of plants.

Question 59

Carbon dioxide is the limiting factor for plant growth in the seas.

Question 60

Eukaryotic cells evolved before prokaryotic cells.