Deck 5: Memory

Question 1

Which memory store is difficult to study because of its fleeting nature?

A)Sensory store
B)Short-term store
C)Primary store
D)Remote store

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Items of information in the long-term store will be easier to remember if they are ________.

A)repeated over and over again
B)organized into meaningful categories
C)given as little attention as possible
D)moved back into the short-term store

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Items of information in the long-term memory store _____________.

A)are only held there for several days
B)are not always in our conscious awareness
C)cannot be retrieved
D)are remembered best when they are encoded rotely

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Remembering when,or in which order,things actually occurred _________.

A)is a noncontent attribute of episodic memory
B)is especially difficult when there is damage to the frontal lobe area of the brain
C)shows age-related deficit when individuals must reconstruct an order exactly
D)All of the above

Question 5

Compared to younger adults,older adults are ___________ susceptible to false memories (for example,remembering a specific word was on the list of words they studied when really it was not there).

A)more
B)less
C)equally

Question 6

When it comes to memory,one theory is that older adults have a production deficiency.Which statement most accurately describes what is meant by this term?

A)Older adults encode elaboratively on their own and they perform just as well as young adults do on episodic memory tasks.
B)Older adults do not encode elaboratively on their own and they are not able to do so even when they are given instructions to do so.
C)Older adults do not encode elaboratively on their own,but they are able to when they are given guidance and instructions on how to do so.

Question 7

Preparing information for entry into the long-term store is ______.

A)storage
B)automatic processing
C)encoding
D)retrieval

Question 8

Procedural memory _________________.

A)is often demonstrated in motor skills such as riding a bicycle
B)shows large age-related differences
C)is part of the short-term memory store
D)is learned at a specific time and place

Question 9

Knowing that broccoli is a kind of vegetable is an example of _____.

A)working memory
B)procedural memory
C)episodic memory
D)semantic memory

Question 10

On which type of memory test would there be the greatest age-related differences?

A)Recall
B)Recognition
C)Cued recall
D)Age-related differences would be of the same magnitude on all three tests

Question 11

Which of the following would not be considered a noncontent attribute of memory?

A)Remembering the name of someone you happen to meet in the mall.
B)Remembering how many times you visited the mall in the past month.
C)Remembering where you heard about the big sale at one store in the mall.
D)Remembering which place you visited earlier in the week - the pharmacy or the grocery store.

Question 12

The short-term memory store _____________.

A)holds information for up to 30 seconds
B)can hold approximately 7 unchunked units of information
C)will displace items when new ones enter the store
D)All of the above

Question 13

The term "magic number seven plus or minus two" applies to______.

A)the sensory memory
B)the short-term memory store
C)the long-term memory store
D)the procedural memory store

Question 14

Remembering where,when,or from whom an item of information was acquired is called _______ memory.

A)temporal
B)frequency-of-occurrence
C)source
D)prospective

Question 15

Working memory ______________.

A)is unlimited in capacity as far as how much information can be processed
B)has a larger capacity in older adulthood than it does in young adulthood
C)is similar to a mental scratch pad
D)holds up better than primary memory with increasing age

Question 16

Remembering the name of a movie that you saw last weekend would be considered an example of ____________.

A)short-term memory
B)semantic memory
C)episodic memory
D)prospective memory

Question 17

Jean has difficulty remembering whether she actually turned off the stove or whether she only thought about doing it.This is a type of ______ on which there is ______.

A)activity memory; evidence for age-related decline
B)semantic memory; no evidence for age-related decline
C)working memory; evidence for age-related decline
D)remote memory; no evidence for age-related decline

Question 18

Primary memory is a type of ______ and it shows_______________.

A)sensory memory; a great deal of decline with increasing age
B)short-term memory; very little or no decline with increasing age
C)short-term memory; a great deal of decline with increasing age
D)long-term memory; very little decline with increasing age

Question 19

Which type of memory shows the greatest evidence for age-related decline?

A)Primary memory
B)Episodic memory
C)Procedural memory
D)Semantic memory

Question 20

Older adults often claim that their memory is not as good as it used to be.

Question 21

A technique often taught in memory training classes is to use visual imagery.This is an example of a(n)__________.

A)prospective trick
B)implicit memory
C)internal mnemonic
D)explicit mnemonic

Question 22

Older adults who do poorly on tests of explicit memory often __________ on tests of implicit memory.

A)do better
B)do about the same
C)do worse

Question 23

Remembering to do something at a specific future point in time (such as remembering to mail a letter,pay a bill,or make a phone call) is an example of ________.

A)retrospective memory
B)working memory
C)prospective memory
D)implicit memory

Question 24

Metamemory is _________________.

A)an inherent understanding of how the memory system works
B)the conviction that one can succeed in memorizing a set of materials
C)a theory about procedural memory
D)a hypothesis about the relationship between personality and memory

Question 25

Memory that occurs without a person's awareness that something has been learned or remembered is __________.

A)working memory
B)short-term memory
C)faulty memory
D)implicit memory

Question 26

Sue is confident that if she studies a grocery list for 2 minutes,she will remember to buy all the items on it even if she leaves her list at home.Sue's belief that she will be able to do this is an example of ____________.

A)metamemory
B)memory self-efficacy
C)external control
D)a memory stereotype

Question 27

Having people set goals for how much they will remember and giving them positive feedback on their progress is associated with performance gains for older adults.

Question 28

Older adults that complain about their memory always have poor scores on objective memory tests.

Question 29

Taking a list of items to the grocery store so you will remember what to buy is a(n) _______.

A)internal mnemonic technique
B)external mnemonic technique
C)sign of poor metamemory
D)example of semantic memory

Question 30

The reminiscence bump refers to a phenomenon whereby _______.

A)older adults have the best and most vivid memory for events that occurred most recently in their lives
B)older adults have the best and most vivid memory for events that occurred in their adolescent and early adulthood years
C)older adults do not have any meaningful memories from early adulthood
D)older adults are disturbed by nightmares about events from their early lives (before the age of 3)

Question 31

Recognition tests ___________.

A)are more difficult than cued recall tests
B)provide more retrieval support than recall tests do
C)are only used to test memory for noncontent attributes
D)have never been used in memory studies on older adults

Question 32

In which of the following age intervals would the reminiscence bump be most likely to occur?

A)Ages 5 to 10
B)Ages 10 to 30
C)Ages 40 to 60
D)Ages 60 to 80

Question 33

Tess has difficulty remembering names when she is introduced to new people.The best advice for helping her improve her memory in this kind of situation would be to tell her she should repeat the new person's name over and over in her head.

Question 34

The method of loci is a _____________.

A)technique for measuring sensory memory that uses flashes of bright light
B)task in which a person listens to two different messages,one in each ear
C)technique for trying to remember things by mentally placing them in various locations in a familiar environment
D)form of unconscious learning that is most useful for older adults with dementia

Question 35

Recognition memory tests minimize the importance of_______.Performance on recognition tests shows ________ age-related decline compared to performance on recall tests.

A)encoding; more
B)encoding; the same amount of
C)retrieval; more
D)retrieval; less

Question 36

Remote memory ____________.

A)is not difficult to study
B)has only been studied with regard to factual information
C)is something that older adults claim holds up very well
D)has only been studied with regard to personal information

Question 37

John has difficulty remembering names when he is introduced to people,so he tries to associate a person's name with some aspect of the person's facial features.This is an example of a(n)______________.

A)internal mnemonic technique
B)external mnemonic technique
C)classical conditioning technique
D)implicit memory technique

Question 38

In prospective memory studies that are conducted under controlled laboratory conditions,tasks may be either event-based or time-based.Which is most likely to show age-related decline?

A)Time-based laboratory tasks
B)Event-based laboratory tasks
C)Both are equally likely to show age-related decline
D)Neither shows any age-related decline

Question 39

On-line measures of memory for written discourse materials __________.

A)have been used more commonly than off-line measures have
B)measure memory for written materials right after they are read
C)track a person's eye movements as he/she is reading written materials
D)All of the above

Question 40

Writing reminders on a calendar is an example of a(n) ____________.

A)implicit mnemonic
B)remote memory technique
C)internal mnemonic
D)external mnemonic

Question 41

According to the information-processing model of memory,what are the three stages of processing that take place in long-term episodic memory? What,if any,age-related differences are usually found for each stage?

Question 42

What type of mnemonics is usually taught in memory training classes?

Question 43

When a young woman forgets where she put her keys,her forgetting is attributed to _____; when an older woman forgets where she put her keys,her forgetting is attributed to _______.

A)bad luck; lack of attention
B)lack of effort; poor memory ability
C)lack of attention; lack of effort
D)mental difficulty; lack of attention

Question 44

Briefly describe what is meant by procedural memory,semantic memory,and episodic memory.State whether or not age-related differences are typically found on each.

Question 45

Poor health___________________.

A)causes poor memory
B)is associated with poor memory
C)is unrelated to memory
D)usually goes with good memory

Question 46

The hippocampus of the brain generally shows some shrinkage with age.Which of the following has been shown to have some benefit as far as minimizing and in some cases even reversing hippocampal shrinkage?

A)A stretching exercise program
B)A moderate-intensity aerobic exercise program
C)Both stretching and aerobic exercise programs have equal benefit
D)Neither stretching nor aerobic exercise programs have any benefit

Question 47

What is meant by the term reminiscence bump?

Question 48

What is prospective memory and why is it important for everyday life? Under what conditions are age-related differences in prospective memory most likely to be found?

Question 49

What is the role of elaboration in encoding? What is the relationship between encoding elaboration and production deficiency?

Question 50

What is implicit memory and how does it differ from explicit memory? What age-related differences are found for each?

Question 51

Define metamemory and memory self-efficacy?

Question 52

What attributions do people make when a young versus an older adult experiences an everyday memory failure?

Question 53

Young adults' memory failures are attributed to ______; older adults' memory failures are attributed to ____________.

A)internal stable factors; internal unstable factors
B)internal stable factors; internal stable factors
C)internal unstable factors; internal stable factors
D)internal unstable factors; internal unstable factors

Question 54

If you were to advise young adults on what they can do make sure their memory will be maintained as well as possible in older adulthood,what would you tell them?

Question 55

What is meant by noncontent attributes of episodic memory and are age-related differences found?