Deck 7: Fluency Disorders

Question 1

Describe and give examples of stuttered disfluencies.

Answer 1

Stuttering or stuttered speech involves audible or silent repetitions and prolongations. Tense pauses and hesitations within and between words may also be regarded as stuttering. Within-word and
between-word disfluencies are the cardinal features of stuttering. In young children, disfluencies regarded as stuttering include monosyllabic whole-word repetitions, sound repetitions, audible and inaudible prolongations. Clustered disfluencies are common in young children who stutter.

Question 2

Stuttering is considered to be

A) A chronic disease process
B) A handicap
C) An impairment
D) A disability

Answer 2

D

Question 3

is the most common form of stuttering; it begins in the preschool years.

A) Acquired stuttering
B) Psychogenic stuttering
C) Developmental stuttering
D) None of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Developmental stuttering usually occurs on words, whereas they occur on words in neurogenic stuttering.

Question 5

Standardized tests

A) Are normed only for children ages 3-18
B) Exist but are not effective for assessment of stuttering
C) May be used
D) Do not exist

Question 6

The theory of stuttering contends that stuttering is a neurotic symptom.

A) Behavioral
B) Psychological
C) Organic
D) Somatogenic

Question 7

Describe the effects of stuttering through the lifespan.

Question 8

Describe and give examples of normal disfluencies.

Question 9

Onset of developmental stuttering is between what ages?

A) 6-10
B) 8-15
C) 1-3
D) 2-5

Question 10

Three or more within word disfluencies per words may indicate stuttering.

A) 200
B) 100
C) 50
D) 10

Question 11

is typically associated with neurological disease or trauma.

A) Acquired stuttering
B) Neurogenic stuttering
C) Psychogenic stuttering
D) Developmental stuttering

Question 12

Which of the following are secondary characteristics that can co-occur with stuttering?

A) Eye blinking
B) Exaggerated movements of the head, shoulders, and arms
C) Facial grimacing
D) All of the above

Question 13

Describe indirect approaches for stuttering therapy and the target population.

Question 14

Name and explain three of the current conceptual models of stuttering.

Question 15

The theory of stuttering asserts that stuttering is a learned response to conditions external to the individual.

A) Behavioral
B) Psychological
C) Organic
D) Somatogenic

Question 16

Longer duration and/or multiple sound or syllable repetitions may represent/indicate

A) An increase in severity of stuttering
B) A plateau in severity
C) A need for a psychological evaluation
D) None of the above

Question 17

In Phase Four of the developmental framework of stuttering, which of the following is true?

A) There is evidence of fear, embarrassment, or avoidance.
B) Stuttered words may have associated audible vocal tension and rising pitch.
C) Stuttering is essentially chronic or habitual.
D) Most children are unaware or are not bothered by disfluencies.

Question 18

Therapy might be recommended if

A) There is at least one adult expressing concern over speech fluency
B) Sound prolongations constitute more than 25% of the total disfluencies
C) There is a loss of eye contact on more than 50% of the child's utterances
D) All of the above

Question 19

The theory of stuttering proposes an actual physical cause for stuttering.

A) Behavioral
B) Psychological
C) Organic
D) Somatogenic

Question 20

In Phase One of the developmental framework of stuttering, which of the following is true?

A) Stuttering is essentially chronic or habitual.
B) Most children are unaware or are not bothered by disfluencies.
C) Stuttered words may have associated audible vocal tension and rising pitch.
D) There is evidence of fear, embarrassment, or avoidance.

Question 21

In , the individual modifies the stuttered word during the actual occurrence of stuttering.

A) Cancellation phase
B) Pull-out phase
C) Preparatory sets
D) None of the above

Question 22

As many as of preschool children who had been in a stuttering treatment program maintained their fluent speech 5 years after their initial evaluation.

A) 91%
B) 32%
C) 64%
D) 26%

Question 23

is a fluency shaping technique that lengthens naturally occurring pauses and adds pauses.

A) Pausing/phrasing
B) Prolonged speech
C) Response-contingent stimulation
D) Light articulatory contacts

Question 24

Selection of intervention techniques depends on

A) Motivation
B) Specific needs of the client
C) Severity
D) All of the above

Question 25

In , the individual prepares to use fluency producing strategies before attempting the word.

A) Cancellation phase
B) Pull-out phase
C) Preparatory sets
D) None of the above

Question 26

Stuttering intervention across all age groups results in an average improvement for about of all cases, with preschool-age children improving more quickly and easily than people who have a longer history with stuttering.

A) 90%
B) 50%
C) 30%
D) 70%

Question 27

is a fluency shaping technique that reduces speech rate and physical tension before and during occurrences of stuttering, promoting smooth speech.

A) Light articulatory contacts
B) Prolonged speech
C) Pausing/phrasing
D) Response contingent stimulation

Question 28

is a fluency shaping technique that requires pausing briefly after stuttering.

A) Response contingent stimulation
B) Light articulatory contacts
C) Prolonged speech
D) Pausing/phrasing

Question 29

Describe direct approaches for stuttering therapy and the target population.

Question 30

In , the individual completes the stuttered word and then pauses deliberately for a minimum of 3 seconds.

A) Cancellation phase
B) Pull-out phase
C) Preparatory sets
D) None of the above

Question 31

Children in a parent-conducted therapy program maintained fluent speech for

A) 3 months
B) 5 years
C) 6 months
D) 7 years

Question 32

For school-aged children, there is a average decrease in stuttering frequency/severity across nine studies.

A) 61%
B) 45%
C) 92%
D) 31%

Question 33

is a fluency shaping technique that aims to reduce speech rate; the slowing of speech rate is accompanied by a substantial decrease in stuttering.

A) Light articulatory contacts
B) Response-contingent stimulation
C) Prolonged speech
D) Pausing/phrasing

Question 34

Describe the Lidcombe program for stuttering treatment.