Deck 14: Growing up

Question 1

How has the advent of neuroimaging techniques changed the way infant and child development is investigated? Brain imaging allows researchers to

A) measure anatomical changes in the brain during childhood
B) observe functionally relevant brain activity in children beyond the growth of the brain anatomically
C) use relatively non-invasive measures to investigate myelination of brain pathways
D) All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

'Cognitive control' refers to processes that

A) develop gradually throughout childhood and adolescence
B) involve regions in prefrontal cortex
C) allow a child to learn what aspects of his environment are important to pay attention to, and what aspects are irrelevant
D) all of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Object permanence refers to the

A) ability in infants to keep an object in mind, even if it is hidden and out of view
B) ability in infants to perseverate when searching for a lost toy
C) the permanence of object detection in the visual system in infants under the age of 12 months
D) development of object recognition region in infants during the first 6-9 months

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Much research is focused on the extent to which the brain is "plastic" in childhood, meaning:

A) superficial
B) flexible
C) reflexive
D) developmentally determined

Question 5

An important debate in child development is

A) The roles of teratogens and retroteragens in child development
B) The effects of delayed object permanence on reading
C) The interplay of genetic expression and the environment in brain development
D) Delays in developing the frontal lobe compared to the parietal regions

Question 6

Human face perception seems to be

A) an inborn predisposition to attend to faces, not based on experience
B) based on perceptual learning, not built-in at birth
C) both a natural predisposition to attend to faces and processes that are based on experience
D) a natural disposition to attend to faces that is superseded by learned behavior in the first year of life

Question 7

Studies that investigate the effects of "perinatal" brain damage show that

A) children rarely recover from it
B) children generally make a full and complete recovery from perinatal brain damage
C) although children with perinatal brain damage develop most cognitive functions, some complex aspects of cognition, such as language, do not reach typical levels
D) children with perinatal brain damage reach typical cognitive levels by age 3

Question 8

Which of the following describes the progression of brain region development?

A) parietal and temporal association cortex, sensorimotor cortex, prefrontal cortex
B) prefrontal cortex, sensorimotor cortex, parietal and temporal association cortex
C) sensorimotor cortex, parietal and temporal association cortex, prefrontal cortex
D) parietal and temporal association cortex, prefrontal cortex, sensorimotor cortex

Question 9

Two-way interactions between genetic expression and the environment are called

A) re-entrant activity
B) bidirectional influences
C) reciprocity
D) multidimensional scaling

Question 10

Posner model of attention describes three distinct neural networks that overlap. This model includes

A) learning how to mimic others' behavior, modifying behavior according to feedback from others, and developing control over one's own behavior
B) selecting information that is salient, memorizing it, and recalling it accurately
C) alerting to new and relevant information, orienting and reorienting to relevant information, and executive control of attentional processes
D) attend to particular stimulus features, seeking out selected features, and ignoring irrelevant ones

Question 11

The first year of life represents an)

A) slow-to-mature pattern of brain growth
B) uneven pattern of brain growth, with sensory regions developing before frontal lobe regions
C) equally rapid brain growth in all regions of the cortex
D) mostly subcortical development, since cortex starts to grow only in the third year of life

Question 12

A teratogen is any agent that causes structural damage in the fetus during pregnancy, typically by exposing the unborn infant to the mother's ingestion of these agents. Examples include

A) alcohol, cigarette smoke, and drugs of abuse
B) marijuana smoke
C) some prescription drugs
D) all of the above