Deck 2: Managing

Question 1

The behavioral science approach suggests that managers can best improve their organizations by using the scientific method and mathematical techniques to solve operational problems.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

According to Fayol,employee retention should not be given high priority as recruitment and selection costs of hiring new workers is low.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Fayol defined centralization as raising the importance of the subordinate role.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The management science approach emphasizes "if-then" relationships: "If" this situational variable exists,"then" a manager probably would take this action.

Question 5

The use of three sources of information - classical,behavioral,and management science approaches - to analyze the management system is referred to as triangular management.

Question 6

Frederick W.Taylor is commonly called the "father of scientific management."

Question 7

Henri Fayol is regarded as the pioneer of administrative theory.

Question 8

Abraham Maslow was a major contributor to the human relations movement in management.

Question 9

The Hawthorne studies concluded that lighting and temperature changes within organizations could significantly influence production.

Question 10

The behavioral approach to management emphasizes increasing production through an understanding of people.

Question 11

The primary investigative tool in F.W.Taylor's research was motion study.

Question 12

The contingency approach is based on the premise that there is one best way to solve a management problem in all organizations.

Question 13

The use of mathematical models to investigate the decision situation is typical in management science applications.

Question 14

Motion study consists of reducing each job to the most basic movements possible.

Question 15

Henri Fayol was more aware of the human side of production.According to him,the interests of one person should take priority over the interests of the organization as a whole.

Question 16

A drawback of the classical approach is that it does not adequately emphasize human variables.

Question 17

Taylor pioneered a system in which workers could earn a bonus in addition to the piece rate if they exceeded their daily production quota.

Question 18

Henri Fayol was a major contributor to the field of classical management theory.

Question 19

A closed system is not influenced by,and does not interact with,its environment.

Question 20

One conclusion of the Hawthorne studies was that social groups in organizations could effectively exert pressure to influence individuals to disregard monetary incentives.

Question 21

Among the sample variables considered in analyzing motions,as pioneered by the Gilbreths,the environmental variables include ________.

A)anatomy
B)habits
C)health
D)brawn
E)work clothes

Question 22

To use which of the following resources of the organization,in a best way,did Fayol present work specialization?

A)human
B)capital
C)monetary
D)material
E)technological

Question 23

Under the piece-rate system pioneered by Taylor,________.

A)workers were paid according to the amount they produced
B)managers develop their employees' work-related skills
C)each job was reduced to the most basic movement possible
D)workers were paid more than their managers
E)managers were paid only after the workers exceeded production

Question 24

________ consists primarily of the work of Frederick W.Taylor,Frank and Lillian Gilbreth,and Henry L.Gantt.

A)Higher-level management analysis
B)The behavioral approach
C)Lower-level management analysis
D)Management science
E)Comprehensive management

Question 25

Which of the following did Gantt advocate in addition to Taylor's piece-rate compensation system for workers?

A)decentralizing authority
B)a bonus for overproduction
C)medical insurance coverage
D)mandatory employee training
E)tenure and job security

Question 26

Gantt believed in worker compensation that corresponded to production,through the piece-rate system,and overproduction,through the ________.

A)staggered system
B)bonus system
C)pension system
D)interest system
E)profit system

Question 27

________,the primary investigative tool in the Gilbreths' research,consists of reducing each job to the most basic movements possible.

A)Ergonomics
B)Motion study
C)Piecework
D)Reductionism
E)Division of work

Question 28

The Gilbreths aimed to increase worker efficiency by ________.

A)reducing the number of movements taken to accomplish a task
B)enforcing minimum criteria for the types of workers hired for a job
C)instituting the piece-rate system for remuneration
D)understanding what motivates employees to complete a task
E)encouraging teamwork rather than individual work

Question 29

Managers use the Gantt chart to ________.

A)encourage worker initiative
B)conduct motion analysis of tasks
C)retain productive employees
D)monitor work schedules
E)reward innovation by workers

Question 30

Lower-level management analysis concentrates on the "one best way" to perform a task.The process of finding this "one best way" is known as ________.

A)higher-level management
B)contingency management
C)comprehensive management
D)scientific management
E)system management

Question 31

The classical approach to management recommends that ________.

A)managers enhance organizational success by building appropriate relationships with people
B)managers improve their organizations by using the scientific method and mathematical techniques to solve operational problems
C)managers continually strive to increase organizational efficiency to increase production
D)what managers do in practice depends on,or is contingent upon,a given set of circumstances
E)to fully understand the operation of an entity,the entity must be viewed as a system

Question 32

Because of his writings on the elements and general principles of management,Henri Fayol is usually regarded as the pioneer of ________.

A)strategic management applications
B)organizational behavior
C)business finance model
D)operations management theory
E)administrative theory

Question 33

________ is commonly called the "father of scientific management" because of the significance of his contributions.

A)Frank Gilbreth
B)Henry L.Gantt
C)Lillian Gilbreth
D)Henri Fayol
E)Frederick W.Taylor

Question 34

According to Gantt,the role of a manager is to ________.

A)divide specialized work among individuals and groups
B)make it to the employees' interests for accomplishing tasks
C)choose the management tactics best suited to particular situations
D)convince workmen to do work which they have no desire to do
E)use mathematical models to investigate the decision situation

Question 35

Which of the following approaches to management was advocated by Henry Gantt?

A)the contingency approach
B)using mathematical models to investigate the decision situation
C)using human relations skills to manage workers
D)work specialization and unity of command
E)task-scheduling and rewarding innovations

Question 36

Under classical management theory,comprehensive analysis of management concerns the entire range of managerial performance.The primary contributor to this category was ________.

A)Henri Fayol
B)Frederick W.Taylor
C)Henry L.Gantt
D)Frank Gilbreth
E)Ludwig von Bertalanffy

Question 37

One of the general principles of management explained by Fayol is "unity of command." What does this principle mean?

A)The entire organization should be moving toward a common objective.
B)The interests of one person should take priority over the interests of the organization.
C)All workers should receive orders from only one manager.
D)All workers should be given the same orders by managers.
E)All employees should be treated as equally as possible.

Question 38

The ________ approach to management was the product of the first concentrated effort to develop a body of management thought.The management writers who participated in this effort are considered the pioneers of management study.

A)behavioral
B)management science
C)classical
D)contingency
E)system

Question 39

Which of the following is true of Henry Gantt's method of management?

A)The Gantt scheduling chart was found to be impractical and has fallen into disuse.
B)It gave less importance to the human side of production than F.W.Taylor's method.
C)Gantt believed that worker compensation should correspond only to production.
D)He considered that studying employee motivation was the role of scientific management.
E)It dealt with lower-level management analysis and not comprehensive analysis.

Question 40

F.W.Taylor's approach was unpopular with workers and unions because they feared that reengineering their jobs would lead to ________.

A)lower piecework rates
B)a decrease in productivity
C)workers losing their jobs
D)longer work days
E)an increase in quality

Question 41

Lynn is a manager in a company that manufactures optical fibre cables.She follows the Fayol principle of "esprit de corps" in her interactions with her team.Which of the following does this imply?

A)Lynn's team members are independent.
B)Lynn's team members are fiercely competitive.
C)Lynn's team members enjoy working in a centralized hierarchical system.
D)Lynn's team members receive orders only from her.
E)Lynn's team members are harmonious and upbeat.

Question 42

The management science approach suggests that managers can best improve their organizations by ________.

A)using the scientific method and mathematical techniques to solve operational problems
B)understanding the physiological,safety,social,esteem,and self-actualization needs of organization members
C)providing wage incentives to workers exceed their target production
D)reducing the number of steps involved in performing a particular task
E)making sure that all employees are treated as equally as possible

Question 43

The Hawthorne Studies were conducted in two phases: the relay assembly test room experiments and the bank wiring observation room experiment.Which of the following approaches was developed based on these studies?

A)the behavioral approach
B)the contingency approach
C)the system approach
D)the management science approach
E)the classical approach

Question 44

Gene Co.,a pharmaceutical company,directs its management to increase production through an understanding of people.The company believes that if managers understand their people and adapt their organizations to them,organizational success will follow.Which management approach is Gene Co.adopting in this scenario?

A)system approach
B)management science approach
C)classical approach
D)contingency approach
E)behavioral approach

Question 45

Which one of the following conclusions was drawn by the experimenters from the bank wiring observation room experiment?

A)The subjects did not find working in the test room enjoyable.
B)Human factors within organizations could significantly influence production.
C)Members of the work group pressured one another to work harder so that each group member would receive more pay.
D)Improved working conditions resulted in increased production.
E)Social groups in organizations could effectively exert pressure to influence individuals to disregard monetary incentives.

Question 46

According to Abraham Maslow,managers must understand the following needs of organization members: physiological,safety,social,esteem,and ________.

A)motivational
B)leadership
C)monetary
D)self-actualization
E)intrinsic

Question 47

Which one of the following approaches has its origin in World War II,when scientists were asked to help the military solve complex operational problems?

A)classical approach
B)operations research approach
C)behavioral approach
D)human relations approach
E)systems approach

Question 48

One of the phases of the Hawthorne studies was the relay assembly test room experiments.The experimenters believed that if they studied productivity long enough,under different working conditions,they would discover the working conditions that maximized production.Thus,the orientation that these experiments originally had was of ________.

A)comprehensive management
B)scientific management
C)behavioral management
D)contingency management
E)system management

Question 49

Jane,a manager in a soda company,believes that the classical approach to management will help her schedule her employees' tasks and handle people better.But using only the classical approach may not be an ideal approach because ________.

A)exact scientific knowledge of what could be done by a worker is substituted for opinion
B)the scientific approach has proven to be ineffective in increasing production
C)it is concerned with the entire range of managerial performance and not just the job design
D)it does not adequately emphasize the human variables in the production process
E)it does not have a "one best way" approach to management problems

Question 50

Each manager in an organization possesses certain amounts of authority.For example,the president possesses the most authority; the first-line supervisor,the least.According to Fayol,this is known as ________.

A)unity of command
B)esprit de corps
C)stability of tenure
D)scalar chain
E)decentralization

Question 51

One of the general principles of management suggested by Fayol is centralization.What is centralization?

A)Centralization is increasing the importance of the subordinate role.
B)Centralization directs that the entire organization should be moving toward a common objective.
C)Centralization is lowering the importance of the subordinate role.
D)Centralization directs that all materials and people related to a specific kind of work should be assigned to the same general location.
E)Centralization directs that the entire organization need not be moving toward a common objective.

Question 52

Hawthorne study results helped managers to see that ________.

A)better working conditions are subject to the managers' discretion
B)reducing each work task to the most basic movements improves worker efficiency
C)worker bonuses for overproduction helped increase productivity
D)the best way to increase productivity was to set a good piece-rate system
E)understanding what motivates employees is a critical part of being a manager

Question 53

The scientific method dictates that scientists must test the model by performing an experiment on ________.

A)the actual system to see whether the effects of changes predicted using the model actually occur when the changes are made
B)various systems to see whether the effects of changes predicted using the model actually occur when the changes are made
C)various systems to see whether the necessary changes can be incorporated
D)the actual system and other systems to see whether the necessary changes can be incorporated
E)various systems to see whether the necessary changes can be incorporated on the actual system

Question 54

In Fayol's principles of management,"decentralization" implies that ________.

A)the entire organization should be moving toward a common objective
B)the importance of the subordinate role should be increased
C)work should be divided among individuals
D)the interests of one person should be prioritized over the interests of the organization
E)workers should receive orders from a number of managers

Question 55

________,sparked off by the Hawthorne studies,is a people-oriented approach to management in which the interaction of people in organizations is studied to judge its impact on organizational success.

A)The behavioral study movement
B)The human relations movement
C)The scientific management movement
D)The "one best way" model
E)The motion studies initiative

Question 56

In the scientific approach to management advocated by management science researchers,after using a model to deduce how the system will behave under conditions,researchers must ________.

A)observe the workings of the parts of the system
B)separate the system into its component parts
C)construct a generalized framework of the system
D)observe the system whose behavior must be explained
E)test the model by performing an experiment on the actual system

Question 57

D&B Inc.conducted a review of its organizational practices and concluded that changes to the current system would result in increased efficiency.The company proposed a change in work timings and remuneration policies and implemented it for a trial period.When the employees were surveyed by their managers to discover their reaction to the changes,most employees noted that the new system boosted productivity,though a few reported that accommodating to the new system was difficult.However,management decided to go ahead and implement the new system.The actions of the management can be explained by Fayol's principle of ________.

A)unity of command and direction
B)lowering the importance of the subordinate role
C)subordination of the individual to the general interest
D)specialization of work
E)esprit de corps

Question 58

Which of the following conclusions was drawn by the experimenters from the relay assembly test room experiments of the Hawthorne studies?

A)The subjects did not find working in the test room enjoyable.
B)There is no consistent relationship between productivity and lighting intensity.
C)Subjects continued to show decreased production under all lighting conditions.
D)Worker productivity increased with higher light intensity than lower light intensity.
E)Worker productivity increased with lower light intensity than higher light intensity.

Question 59

The purpose of the bank wiring observation room experiment,which is one of the phases of the Hawthorne studies,was to analyze ________.

A)the impact of scientifically designed jobs on worker efficiency
B)the most basic movements necessary to achieve a task
C)the system improvements through task-scheduling innovation
D)the social relationships in a work group
E)the impact of unity of command in terms of productivity

Question 60

The ultimate objective of the human relations approach is to ________.

A)find "one best way" of managing people in an organization
B)analyze the impact of environmental factors on worker behavior
C)increase production by analyzing mathematical models of human behavior
D)develop workers' job skills and reduce the movements necessary for them to accomplish a task
E)enhance organizational success by building appropriate relationships with people

Question 61

Which of the following statements is supported by the contingency approach to management?

A)There is one best way to solve a management problem in any organization.
B)Managers' decisions vary depending on the particular situation and the people involved.
C)In most cases,solutions to similar problems will apply across organizations.
D)Managers within the same organization should follow the same solution for similar problems.
E)Managers should make decisions that are consistent from employee to employee.

Question 62

Jenna and two of her college friends recently initiated their own start-up.Jenna is in charge of recruiting people and personnel management.She hasn't had any experience in managing people and wants to establish a clear approach to management.However,she notices that the decisions she makes often vary depending on the people and situations.She realizes that the way she manages programmers needs a different outlook from the way she manages accountants.The most appropriate approach that Jenna could use in this scenario is the ________.

A)classical approach
B)behavioral approach
C)management science approach
D)comprehensive management approach
E)contingency approach

Question 63

A ________ is an organization that does well in creating,acquiring,and transferring knowledge,and in modifying behavior to reflect new knowledge.

A)conducive organization
B)mastering organization
C)learning organization
D)transfer organization
E)modified organization

Question 64

Constant interaction with the environment influences a human's state of existence and future.Hence,a human is an example of a(n)________.

A)static system
B)inert system
C)closed system
D)conditional system
E)open system

Question 65

Every Monday morning,the hundred-odd employees at Axis Systems Ltd.meet to discuss the work situation.The managers of various departments summarize what their departments have done over the past week.Employees can track the various stages of any project and understand how their tasks fit into the whole process.Which of the following aspects of a learning organization does this scenario illustrate?

A)shared vision
B)team learning
C)personal mastery
D)systems thinking
E)challenging of mental models

Question 66

The ________ in which various management methods have the best chance of success are attempted to be outlined by the contingency approach.

A)conditions
B)techniques
C)tools
D)guidelines
E)methods

Question 67

According to the guidelines suggested by L.Thomas Hopkins for anyone conducting system analysis,the nature of the part and its function is determined by its ________.

A)position in the whole
B)importance to the operation
C)structural integrity
D)source and origin
E)design and orientation

Question 68

The ________ approach to management emphasizes "if-then" relationships: "If" this situational variable exists,"then" a manager probably would take this action.

A)contingency
B)management science
C)behavioral
D)comprehensive management analysis
E)classical

Question 69

The use of the classical,behavioral and management science approaches as sources of information to analyze the management system is referred to as ________.

A)open-system management
B)democratic management
C)triangular management
D)middle-level management
E)lower-level management

Question 70

A synthesis of classically based information,behaviorally based information,and management science-based information is critical to effective use of the ________.

A)management system
B)operations system
C)science approach
D)classical approach
E)behavioral approach

Question 71

Which of the following statements is true for the management science approach?

A)It is only suitable for management problems with a small number of variables.
B)The use of behavioral models to investigate the decision situation is typical in management science applications.
C)Management science techniques are not suited for analyzing quantifiable factors.
D)Management science techniques decrease the effectiveness of managers in decision making.
E)Management science applications generally use economic implications as guidelines for making a particular decision.

Question 72

________ to management emphasizes that what managers do,in practice,depends on the given set of circumstances.

A)The classical approach
B)The lower-level management analysis approach
C)The management science approach
D)The contingency approach
E)The comprehensive management analysis approach

Question 73

If a television (as a whole)is to exist and serve its purpose,its screen,controls,and other parts must function in a predetermined way,regardless of the weather.This is an example of a(n)________.

A)static system
B)open system
C)passive system
D)closed system
E)conditional system

Question 74

The use of mathematical models to investigate the decision situation is typical in ________.

A)the classical approach
B)lower-level management analysis
C)upper-level management analysis
D)management science applications
E)motion study techniques

Question 75

Leo is analyzing ways to improve efficiency and productivity in a particular organization.The management problems being studied are very complicated and he needs help analyzing a large number of variables.He also intends to construct mathematical models to represent reality to determine how the real-world situation might be improved.In this scenario,Leo is applying the ________.

A)systems approach
B)management science approach
C)lower-level management analysis approach
D)motion-study techniques approach
E)contingency approach

Question 76

Dress codes are a contentious subject in workplaces.Gen Y workers favor a more casual style than older workers,who are often uncomfortable with the idea of wearing casual clothes to work.Human resources departments often find it difficult to enforce company dress codes appropriately.Managers find that one of the ways to address this situation is by using the contingency approach.Which of the following is the best example of the contingency approach to management?

A)Rotec Inc.requires all employees to dress formally throughout the week,and allows business casuals on Fridays.
B)Sandman Designs allows employees who don't meet clients to dress casually,while employees who must meet clients are required to wear formals.
C)G&B Solutions developed a series of guidelines to let employees know what is considered appropriate and inappropriate office wear.
D)Waterstones observed and compared employee behavior and productivity on "formal wear" and "casual wear" days and used the findings to devise a company dress code.
E)Letterman Inc.invited employees to share their clothing preferences and used these suggestions to frame a company dress code.

Question 77

________ is recognized as the founder of general system theory.

A)Ludwig von Bertalanffy
B)Henri Fayol
C)Abraham Maslow
D)L)Thomas Hopkins
E)F)W.Taylor

Question 78

Which of the following is a characteristic of situations in which management science techniques are applied?

A)Managers need help analyzing a large number of variables.
B)The use of behavioral models to investigate the decision situation is indicated.
C)Managers want to determine the psychological and behavioral attitudes of employees.
D)Managers want to determine quality of the customer experience.
E)Social implications are used as guidelines for making a particular decision.

Question 79

One of the primary characteristics present in situations in which management science techniques are applied is ________.

A)that the management problems have only a few variables
B)that the situation deals with quantifiable factors such as sales
C)that the situation deals with the physiological,safety,social,esteem,and self-actualization needs of organization members
D)that the situation deals with assessing qualitative factors of the workplace or environment
E)that social implications are the guidelines for making a particular decision

Question 80

In terms of management system,the cheese used in the making of a sandwich at a restaurant is a(n)________.

A)finished good
B)organizational output
C)production process
D)organizational process
E)organizational input