Deck 11: Solutions

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Question
Which of the diagrams in the figure best represents an aqueous solution of Na2SO4? <strong>Which of the diagrams in the figure best represents an aqueous solution of Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>?  </strong> A)I B)II C)III D)either I or III E)none of these is correct <div style=padding-top: 35px>

A)I
B)II
C)III
D)either I or III
E)none of these is correct
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Question
Which of the following equations describes what happens when CH3OH(l) dissolves in water?

A)CH3OH(l) →\rightarrow C(aq) + 4H(aq) + O(aq)
B)CH3OH(l) →\rightarrow C2-aq) + 4H+(aq) + O2-(aq)
C)2CH3OH(l) →\rightarrow 2C(aq) + 4H2(aq) + O2(aq)
D)CH3OH(l) →\rightarrow CH3OH(aq)
E)CH3OH(l) + H2O(l) →\rightarrow CH5O2H(l)
Question
What ions, atoms, or molecules (in addition to the water molecules) are present after HNO3(l) mixes with water?

A)HNO3(l)
B)HNO3(aq)
C)H+(aq) + NO3-(aq)
D)H(aq) + NO3(aq)
E)H(aq) + N(aq) + 3O(aq)
Question
Which of the following substances is a strong electrolyte?

A)CH3OH
B)C6H14
C)C6H12O6
D)LiCl
E)SO2
Question
Which of the diagrams in the figure best represents an aqueous solution of MgCl2? <strong>Which of the diagrams in the figure best represents an aqueous solution of MgCl<sub>2</sub>?  </strong> A)I B)II C)III D)either I or III E)none of these is correct <div style=padding-top: 35px>

A)I
B)II
C)III
D)either I or III
E)none of these is correct
Question
Which of the following should be most soluble in benzene, C6H6?

A)H2O
B)CH3OH
C)I2
D)NaCl
E)NaNO3
Question
Which of the following substances is a strong electrolyte?

A)CH3CH2OH
B)C8H18
C)LiOH
D)CO2
E)PCl5
Question
Which of the following should be most soluble in hexane, C6H14?

A)NaCl
B)NaNO3
C)H2O
D)CH3OH
E)Br2
Question
Which of the following statements regarding the rule "like dissolves like" is incorrect?

A)Since cooking oil is composed primarily of hydrocarbons, it is soluble in water.
B)Oxygen, O2, is not very soluble in water.
C)Methanol, CH3OH, is water-soluble.
D)Cooking oil, a nonpolar substance, is soluble in heptane, C7H16.
E)Sodium nitrate, NaNO3, is soluble in water.
Question
Which of the following substances is a strong electrolyte?

A)CH3CH2OH
B)C6H6
C)KOH
D)SO2
E)PCl3
Question
What ions, atoms, or molecules are present after CH3CH2OH(l) mixes with water?

A)CH3CH2OH(aq) and H2O(l)
B)CH3CH2O-(aq), H+(aq), and H2O(l)
C)CH3CH2O-(aq), and H3O+(aq)
D)2C(aq), 6H(aq), and H2O2(l)
E)CH3+(aq), CH2O-(aq), H+(aq), and H2O(l)
Question
Which of the following substances is a nonelectrolyte?

A)NaNO3
B)LiOH
C)C6H12O6
D)LiCN
E)CsCl
Question
Which of the following equations describes what happens when HCl(g) dissolves in water?

A)HCl(g) →\rightarrow H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
B)HCl(g) →\rightarrow H(aq) + Cl(aq)
C)2HCl(g) →\rightarrow H2(aq) + Cl2(aq)
D)2HCl(g) →\rightarrow H2(g) + Cl2(g)
E)HCl(g) + H2O(l) →\rightarrow H3OCl(l)
Question
Which of the following substances is a nonelectrolyte?

A)Na2SO4
B)CH3OH
C)KOH
D)LiNO3
E)RbCl
Question
Which of the following should be most soluble in water?

A)Vitamin C (a very good hydrogen bonder)
B)Vitamin A (a mostly nonpolar molecule)
C)C6H6(l)
D)I2(s)
E)O2(g)
Question
Which of the following substances is a nonelectrolyte?

A)KMnO4
B)CH3CH2OH
C)NaOH
D)K2SO4
E)Na2O
Question
Which of the following should be most soluble in water?

A)fat (a nonpolar triglyceride molecule)
B)C6H6(l)
C)CH3NH2(l)
D)I2(s)
E)O2(g)
Question
What ions, atoms, or molecules (in addition to the water molecules) are present after Na2SO4(s) mixes with water?

A)Na2SO4(l)
B)Na2SO4 (aq)
C)Na+(aq) + NaSO4-(aq)
D)Na2SO32+(aq) + O2-(aq)
E)2Na+(aq) + SO42-(aq)
Question
Which of the following statements regarding the rule "like dissolves like" is incorrect?

A)Since grease is nonpolar, it is not soluble in water.
B)Nitrogen, N2, is not very soluble in water.
C)Methanol, CH3OH, is not very water-soluble.
D)Butane, C4H10, is soluble in cooking oil, a nonpolar substance.
E)Calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3), is soluble in water.
Question
Which of the following statements regarding the rule "like dissolves like" is incorrect?

A)Since cooking oil is composed primarily of hydrocarbons, it is insoluble in water.
B)Iodine, I2, is very soluble in water.
C)Ethanol, CH3CH2OH, is water-soluble.
D)Cooking oil, a nonpolar substance, is soluble in hexane, C6H14.
E)Potassium nitrate, KNO3, is soluble in water.
Question
Which of the following occurs when an ionic compound dissolves in water to form a solution?

A)Ionic bonds break.
B)Hydrogen bonds are disrupted.
C)H2O - Ion attractive forces form.
D)Entropy increases.
E)All of these
Question
Which of the following statements regarding solubility is incorrect?

A)A polar compound will dissolve an ionic compound due to ion-dipole interactions.
B)A nonpolar solvent will not interact strongly enough with ions to dissolve an ionic compound.
C)Nonpolar liquids will dissolve in one another because the intermolecular forces in the pure liquids are weak, and there is an increase in entropy.
D)Most ionic solids are more soluble in water at higher temperature than at a lower temperature of the solvent.
E)Most gases are more soluble at a higher temperature than at a lower temperature of the solvent.
Question
When potassium nitrate is dissolved in water, the resulting solution feels cool to the touch.This means that:

A)the strength of attraction between the solute particles is greater than that of the attraction between the solute and solvent.
B)the strength of attraction between the solute and solvent particles is greater than that of the attraction between the solute particles.
C)the strength of attraction between the solute particles is equal to that of the attraction between the solute and solvent.
D)hydrogen bonds must be broken, which is an exothermic process.
E)there is a decrease in entropy for the solution.
Question
Which of the following statements regarding the solution process is incorrect?

A)When a solution is formed from an ionic compound, the anions and cations are evenly distributed throughout the solution.
B)When a polar covalent compound dissolves in water, dipole-dipole interactions take place between the water molecules and the solute molecules.
C)A nonpolar compound such as hexane, C6H14, forms London dispersion forces with a nonpolar solute, such as I2 during the solution process.
D)The solution process is always exothermic.
E)When an ionic solute dissolves, the entropy of the solution is greater than the original entropy of the crystalline form of the ionic substance.
Question
Which of the following statements regarding the solution process is incorrect?

A)In a sodium chloride solution, the ions interact with the water molecules through ion-dipole forces.
B)Hydration is the process whereby water molecules surround solute particles.
C)A hydrated cation is surrounded by the partially positive end of the water molecules.
D)When an ionic compound dissolves, the ionic bonds break.
E)Some of the hydrogen bonds among the water molecules must break.
Question
The solubility of potassium chloride is 34.2 g/100.0 g of water at 20oC.Which of the following best describes a solution prepared by adding 58.3 g of potassium chloride to 150.0 g of water at this temperature?

A)34.2 g of KCl will dissolve and 24.1 g will remain undissolved.
B)51.3 g of KCl will dissolve and 7.0 g will remain undissolved.
C)24.1 g of KCl will dissolve and 34.2 g will remain undissolved.
D)58.3 g of KCl will dissolve and the solution will be unsaturated.
E)107 g of KCl will dissolve and the solution will be saturated.
Question
What mass of sodium nitrate is dissolved in 455 g of a solution that is 15.0% by mass NaNO3?

A)68.3 g
B)30.3 g
C)4.40 *102 g
D)3.03 * 103 g
E)15.0 g
Question
Which of the following should be most soluble in ethanol, CH3CH2OH?

A)CH3NH2
B)CCl4
C)I2
D)C6H6
E)CO2
Question
What is the percent-by-mass concentration of KOH in a solution that is prepared by adding 18.0 g of KOH to 95.0 g of water?

A)18.9%
B)15.9%
C)31.5%
D)5.28%
E)77.0%
Question
Which of the following increases the solubility of a gas in solution?

A)increasing gas pressure and increasing temperature
B)increasing gas pressure and decreasing temperature
C)decreasing gas pressure and increasing temperature
D)decreasing gas pressure and decreasing temperature
E)adding more water
Question
If the solubility of sodium chloride at 25 °\degree C is 36.0 g/100 g water, which of the following best describes what eventually forms after 15.0 grams of sodium chloride is mixed with 50.0 grams of water at 25 °\degree C?

A)a saturated solution with some undissolved solid
B)an unsaturated solution with some undissolved solid
C)a saturated solution with no undissolved solid
D)an unsaturated solution with no undissolved solid
E)a supersaturated solution
Question
What is the percent-by-mass concentration of KCl in a solution that is prepared by adding 13.0 g of KCl to 85.0 g of water?

A)15.3%
B)17.2%
C)13.3%
D)72.0%
E)65.4%
Question
Many cold packs contain ammonium nitrate and water.The dissolving of ammonium nitrate is endothermic.Which of the following best describes the energy and entropy changes that occur for the NH4NO3 system when ammonium nitrate and water are mixed to make a solution?

A)There is a net energy increase and an entropy increase.
B)There is a net energy increase and an entropy decrease.
C)There is a net energy decrease and an entropy decrease.
D)There is no a net change in energy or entropy.
Question
What mass of sodium hydroxide is dissolved in 295 g of a solution that is 12.0% by mass NaOH?

A)3540 g
B)35.4 g
C)4.07 g
D)40.7 g
E)12.0 g
Question
What mass of sodium chloride is dissolved in 365 g of a solution that is 14.0% by mass NaCl?

A)5110 g
B)26.1 g
C)351 g
D)51.1 g
E)14.0 g
Question
What is the percent-by-mass concentration of NaCl in a solution that is prepared by adding 14.0 g of NaCl to 75.0 g of water?

A)61.0%
B)15.7%
C)18.7%
D)24.0%
E)5.36%
Question
Sodium chloride, NaCl, dissolves in water because

A)there are attractive forces between ions and water molecules.
B)there are no attractive forces between ions and water molecules.
C)the entropy of the solution is greater than the entropy of pure NaCl and pure H2O.
D)the entropy of the solution is less than the entropy of pure NaCl and pure H2O.
E)Both A and C
Question
If the solubility of a solid substance is 18.2 g/100 g water, which of the following best describes what eventually forms after 10.0 grams of the substance is mixed with 50.0 grams of water?

A)a saturated solution with some undissolved solid
B)an unsaturated solution with some undissolved solid
C)a saturated solution with no undissolved solid
D)an unsaturated solution with no undissolved solid
E)a supersaturated solution
Question
Given that the solubility of potassium chlorate in water is 10.0 g/100 g water at 30 °\degree C, what mass of potassium chlorate is dissolved in 250 grams of a saturated solution at 30 °\degree C?

A)any mass greater than 25.0 g
B)any mass less than 10.0 g
C)any mass less than 25.0 g
D)25.0 g
E)10.0 g
Question
Which of the following statements regarding the solubility of oxygen in water is incorrect?

A)Water in contact with air contains a small amount of dissolved oxygen.
B)When water is heated, the first tiny bubbles that you see escaping from the warm water contain O2.
C)In warm weather, fish must come to the surface more often to get oxygen, since there is less dissolved oxygen in the water than in cooler weather.
D)If a sealed container has both oxygen and water, changing the pressure of the oxygen above the water will have no effect on the solubility of the oxygen in the water.
E)An increase in temperature causes an increase in the kinetic energy of the molecules in a solution, allowing oxygen molecules to escape more readily.
Question
A solution contains 15.5 g of NaOH dissolved in sufficient water to give a total mass of 125.0 g.What is the molality of the solution?

A)3.54 m
B)0.124 m
C)0.00310 m
D)3.10 m
E)124 m
Question
A 200.0 g sample of river water contains 6.5 mg of lead.How many parts per million of lead are in the sample?

A)6.5 ppm
B)21 ppm
C)3.2 * 102 ppm
D)32 ppm
E)54 ppm
Question
What is the molal concentration of ions in a 2.40 m solution of Al(NO3)3?

A)2.40 m
B)7.20 m
C)9.60 m
D)0.800 m
E)31.2 m
Question
A solution contains 22.0 g of HCl dissolved in sufficient water to give a total mass of 125.0 g.What is the molality of the solution?

A)0.250 m
B)5.86 m
C)2.75 m
D)4.83 m
E)0.176 m
Question
A solution of acetic acid, CH3CO2H, is prepared by dissolving 40.0 mL of acetic acid in enough water to give a total volume of 250.0 mL.What is the percent-by-volume concentration of acetic acid?

A)19.0%
B)16.0%
C)25.0%
D)40.0%
E)13.8%
Question
What volume of 2.00 M HCl contains 0.50 mol HCl?

A)1.0 L
B)0.25 L
C)2.5 L
D)0.50 L
E)1.5 L
Question
A solution of acetic acid, CH3CO2H, is prepared by dissolving 30.0 mL of acetic acid in enough water to give a total volume of 150.0 mL.What is the percent-by-volume concentration of acetic acid?

A)16.7%
B)15.0%
C)30.0%
D)20.0%
E)25.0%
Question
A solution contains 25.5 g of NaCl dissolved in sufficient water to give a total mass of 325.0 g.What is the molality of the solution?

A)0.146 m
B)0.785 m
C)1.34 m
D)1.46 m
E)134 m
Question
A 150.0 g sample of ocean water contains 3.5 mg of mercury.How many parts per million of mercury are in the sample?

A)15 ppm
B)23 ppm
C)2.4 F* 102 ppm
D)2.3 *104 ppm
E)43 ppm
Question
A solution of ethanol, C2H5OH, is prepared by dissolving 25.0 mL of ethanol in enough water to give a total volume of 250.0 mL.What is the percent-by-volume concentration of ethanol?

A)10.0%
B)9.09%
C)90.0%
D)1.00%
E)225%
Question
What is the percent-by-mass concentration of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, in an aqueous solution that contains 30.0 g of hydrogen peroxide in 1.00 L of solution.The density of the solution is 1.00 g/mL.

A)30.0%
B)3.00%
C)33.3%
D)31.0%
E)70.0%
Question
What volume of 3.00 M NaOH contains 1.75 mol NaOH?

A)1.75 L
B)3.00 L
C)4.75 L
D)0.583 L
E)1.71 L
Question
What is the percent-by-mass concentration of antifreeze (ethylene glycol, C2H6O2) in an aqueous solution that contains 420.0 g of ethylene glycol in 1.00 L of solution.The density of the solution is 1.05 g/mL.

A)2.50%
B)42.1%
C)40.0%
D)44.1%
E)60.0%
Question
A 200.0 g sample of rainwater contains 4.8 mg of sulfuric acid.How many parts per million of sulfuric acid are in the sample?

A)42 ppm
B)21 ppm
C)2.4 *102 ppm
D)4.8 ppm
E)24 ppm
Question
What is the molal concentration of ions in a 1.60 m solution of Fe(NO3)3?

A)1.60 m
B)3.20 m
C)4.80 m
D)6.40 m
E)20.8 m
Question
What volume of 6.00 M NaOH contains 2.50 mol NaOH?

A)2.50 L
B)6.00 L
C)2.40 L
D)0.417 L
E)15.0 L
Question
How many moles of NaOH are contained in 100.0 mL of 3.00 M NaOH?

A)0.300 moles
B)300.0 moles
C)33.3 moles
D)0.00300 moles
E)0.333 moles
Question
How many moles of HCl are contained in 75.0 mL of 2.00 M HCl?

A)2.00 moles
B)1.50 *2 moles
C)0.150 moles
D)37.5 moles
E)26.7 moles
Question
How many moles of NaCl are contained in 50.0 mL of 2.50 M NaCl?

A)2.50 moles
B)0.050 moles
C)5.00 moles
D)2.45 moles
E)0.125 moles
Question
What is the percent-by-mass concentration of citric acid, C6H8O7, in an aqueous solution that contains 263.2 g of citric acid in 1.00 L of solution.The density of the solution is 1.10 g/mL.

A)73.7%
B)26.3%
C)23.9%
D)3.80%
E)29.0%
Question
Silver nitrate, AgNO3, can be used to test for the presence of chloride ions in solution, because it readily forms a precipitate of AgCl.What volume of 2.0 M AgNO3 will be required to react with 50.0 mL of a 0.10 M HCl solution? AgNO3(aq) + HCl(aq) →\rightarrow AgCl(s) + HNO3(aq)

A)0.25 mL
B)25 mL
C)5.0* 101 mL
D)2.5 *102 mL
E)2.5 mL
Question
How many moles of potassium iodide, KI, are required to precipitate all of the lead (II) ion from 50.0 mL of a 1.2 M Pb(NO3)2 solution? (First, write a balanced equation for the reaction.)

A)0.12 mole
B)0.060 mole
C)0.24 mole
D)0.030 mole
E)0.048 mole
Question
How many moles of potassium iodide, KI, are required to precipitate all of the lead (II) ion from 25.0 mL of a 1.6 M Pb(NO3)2 solution? (First, write a balanced equation for the reaction.)

A)0.040 mole
B)0.080 mole
C)0.020 mole
D)64 mol
E)0.64 mol
Question
When a 25.00 mL sample of NaOH is titrated with 0.4523 M H2SO4, 36.69 mL of H2SO4 solution is required to neutralize the NaOH.What is the molarity of the NaOH?

A)0.3319 M
B)0.6638 M
C)1.328 M
D)0.6164 M
E)0.1988 M
Question
Calculate the freezing point of a 1.0 m solution of Ca(NO3)2 in water? Remember that Mg(NO3)2 is an electrolyte.The normal freezing point of pure water is 0.00 °\degree C.Kf (water) = -1.86 °\degree C/m

A)1.56 °\degree C
B)5.58 °\degree C
C)1.86 °\degree C
D)-5.58 °\degree C
E)-1.86 °\degree C
Question
Silver nitrate, AgNO3, can be used to test for the presence of chloride ions in solution, because it readily forms a precipitate of AgCl.What volume of 1.5 M AgNO3 will be required to react with 30.0 mL of a 0.45 M HCl solution AgNO3(aq) + HCl(aq) →\rightarrow AgCl(s) + HNO3(aq)

A)45 mL
B)9.0 mL
C)9.0 L
D)1.0 L
E)1.1 *102 mL
Question
Calculate the freezing point of a 2.0 m solution of NaCl in water? Remember that NaCl is an electrolyte.The normal freezing point of pure water is 0.00 °\degree C.Kf (water) = -1.86 °\degree C/m

A)-2.08 °\degree C
B)-3.72 °\degree C
C)-7.44 °\degree C
D)7.44 °\degree C
E)3.74 °\degree C
Question
When a 25.00 mL sample of H2SO4 is titrated with 0.3423 M NaOH, 26.67 mL of NaOH solution is required to neutralize the H2SO4.What is the molarity of the H2SO4?

A)0.3652 M
B)0.3209 M
C)0.1604 M
D)0.1826 M
E)0.1988 M
Question
The EPA has determined that the maximum safe level of lead ion in drinking water is 15 ppb.If a sample of tap water has a lead ion concentration of 0.0065 ppm, what is the concentration of the lead ion in ppb, and is the water safe to drink? Assume the density of the solution is 1.00 g/mL.

A)65 ppb, not safe
B)6.5 ppb, safe
C)650 ppb, not safe
D)0.65 ppb, safe
E)6.5 * 10-6 ppm, safe
Question
When a 25.00 mL sample of NaOH is titrated with 0.2523 M H2SO4, 26.69 mL of H2SO4 solution is required to neutralize the NaOH.What is the molarity of the NaOH?

A)0.1347 M
B)0.4726 M
C)0.5387 M
D)0.2694 M
E)0.2363 M
Question
The EPA has determined that the maximum safe level of lead ion in drinking water is 15 ppb.If a sample of tap water has a lead ion concentration of 0.016 ppm, what is the concentration of the lead ion in ppb, and is the water safe to drink? Assume the density of the solution is 1.00 g/mL.

A)160 ppb, not safe
B)16 ppb, not safe
C)1600 ppb, not safe
D)0.16 ppb, safe
E)1.6 * 10-6 ppm, safe
Question
Consider two aqueous glucose solutions of different concentrations, separated by a semi-permeable membrane.Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis at the molecular level?

A)The smaller water molecules move in a net direction from the more dilute side to the more concentrated side.
B)The smaller water molecules move in a net direction from the more concentrated side to the more dilute side.
C)The larger glucose particles move in a net direction from the more dilute side to the more concentrated side.
D)The larger glucose particles move in a net direction from the more concentrated side to the more dilute side.
E)Osmosis will not occur.
Question
What volume of 0.1452 M KOH is required to neutralize 25.00 mL of 0.1020 M H2SO4? (First, write a balanced equation for the reaction.)

A)17.79 mL
B)17.56 mL
C)8.781 mL
D)35.12 mL
E)71.18 mL
Question
What will happen to a blood cell that is placed in pure water?

A)The cell will shrink because there will be a net flow of water to the outside of the cell.
B)The cell will shrink because there will be a net flow of electrolytes to the outside of the cell.
C)The cell will expand because there will be a net flow of water to the inside of the cell.
D)The cell will expand because there will be a net flow of electrolytes to the inside of the cell.
E)Nothing will happen because the cell is impermeable.
Question
Calculate the freezing point of a 2.0 m solution of sucrose in water? Sucrose is a nonelectrolyte.The normal freezing point of pure water is 0.00 °\degree C.Kf (water) = -1.86 °\degree C/m

A)-1.86 °\degree C
B)-3.72 °\degree C
C)-2.00 °\degree C
D)3.72 °\degree C
E)1.86 °\degree C
Question
What volume of 0.1243 M KOH is required to neutralize 25.00 mL of 0.1540 M H2SO4? (First, write a balanced equation for the reaction.)

A)10.09 mL
B)30.97 mL
C)61.95 mL
D)20.18 mL
E)40.36 mL
Question
What will happen to a blood cell that is placed in an aqueous solution that has a high salt concentration relative to the blood cell concentration?

A)The cell will shrink because there will be a net flow of water to the outside of the cell.
B)The cell will shrink because there will be a net flow of electrolytes to the outside of the cell.
C)The cell will expand because there will be a net flow of water to the inside of the cell.
D)The cell will expand because there will be a net flow of electrolytes to the inside of the cell.
E)Nothing will happen because the cell is impermeable.
Question
Calculate the boiling point of a 4.0 m solution of sucrose in water? Sucrose is a nonelectrolyte.The normal boiling point of pure water is 100.0 °\degree C.Kb (water) = 0.52 °\degree C/m

A)2.1 °\degree C
B)97.9 °\degree C
C)96.0 °\degree C
D)94.0 °\degree C
E)102.1 °\degree C
Question
Calculate the boiling point of a 4.0 m solution of KI in water? Remember that KI is an electrolyte.The normal boiling point of pure water is 100.0 °\degree C.Kb (water) = 0.52 °\degree C/m

A)101.0 °\degree C
B)104.2 °\degree C
C)96.0 °\degree C
D)102.1 °\degree C
E)4.16 °\degree C
Question
When a 25.00 mL sample of H2SO4 is titrated with 0.2453 M NaOH, 32.47 mL of NaOH solution is required to neutralize the H2SO4.What is the molarity of the H2SO4?

A)0.3186 M
B)0.1889 M
C)0.3777 M
D)3.309 M
E)0.1593 M
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Deck 11: Solutions
1
Which of the diagrams in the figure best represents an aqueous solution of Na2SO4? <strong>Which of the diagrams in the figure best represents an aqueous solution of Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>?  </strong> A)I B)II C)III D)either I or III E)none of these is correct

A)I
B)II
C)III
D)either I or III
E)none of these is correct
II
2
Which of the following equations describes what happens when CH3OH(l) dissolves in water?

A)CH3OH(l) →\rightarrow C(aq) + 4H(aq) + O(aq)
B)CH3OH(l) →\rightarrow C2-aq) + 4H+(aq) + O2-(aq)
C)2CH3OH(l) →\rightarrow 2C(aq) + 4H2(aq) + O2(aq)
D)CH3OH(l) →\rightarrow CH3OH(aq)
E)CH3OH(l) + H2O(l) →\rightarrow CH5O2H(l)
CH3OH(l) →\rightarrow CH3OH(aq)
3
What ions, atoms, or molecules (in addition to the water molecules) are present after HNO3(l) mixes with water?

A)HNO3(l)
B)HNO3(aq)
C)H+(aq) + NO3-(aq)
D)H(aq) + NO3(aq)
E)H(aq) + N(aq) + 3O(aq)
H+(aq) + NO3-(aq)
4
Which of the following substances is a strong electrolyte?

A)CH3OH
B)C6H14
C)C6H12O6
D)LiCl
E)SO2
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5
Which of the diagrams in the figure best represents an aqueous solution of MgCl2? <strong>Which of the diagrams in the figure best represents an aqueous solution of MgCl<sub>2</sub>?  </strong> A)I B)II C)III D)either I or III E)none of these is correct

A)I
B)II
C)III
D)either I or III
E)none of these is correct
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6
Which of the following should be most soluble in benzene, C6H6?

A)H2O
B)CH3OH
C)I2
D)NaCl
E)NaNO3
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7
Which of the following substances is a strong electrolyte?

A)CH3CH2OH
B)C8H18
C)LiOH
D)CO2
E)PCl5
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8
Which of the following should be most soluble in hexane, C6H14?

A)NaCl
B)NaNO3
C)H2O
D)CH3OH
E)Br2
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9
Which of the following statements regarding the rule "like dissolves like" is incorrect?

A)Since cooking oil is composed primarily of hydrocarbons, it is soluble in water.
B)Oxygen, O2, is not very soluble in water.
C)Methanol, CH3OH, is water-soluble.
D)Cooking oil, a nonpolar substance, is soluble in heptane, C7H16.
E)Sodium nitrate, NaNO3, is soluble in water.
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10
Which of the following substances is a strong electrolyte?

A)CH3CH2OH
B)C6H6
C)KOH
D)SO2
E)PCl3
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11
What ions, atoms, or molecules are present after CH3CH2OH(l) mixes with water?

A)CH3CH2OH(aq) and H2O(l)
B)CH3CH2O-(aq), H+(aq), and H2O(l)
C)CH3CH2O-(aq), and H3O+(aq)
D)2C(aq), 6H(aq), and H2O2(l)
E)CH3+(aq), CH2O-(aq), H+(aq), and H2O(l)
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12
Which of the following substances is a nonelectrolyte?

A)NaNO3
B)LiOH
C)C6H12O6
D)LiCN
E)CsCl
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13
Which of the following equations describes what happens when HCl(g) dissolves in water?

A)HCl(g) →\rightarrow H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
B)HCl(g) →\rightarrow H(aq) + Cl(aq)
C)2HCl(g) →\rightarrow H2(aq) + Cl2(aq)
D)2HCl(g) →\rightarrow H2(g) + Cl2(g)
E)HCl(g) + H2O(l) →\rightarrow H3OCl(l)
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14
Which of the following substances is a nonelectrolyte?

A)Na2SO4
B)CH3OH
C)KOH
D)LiNO3
E)RbCl
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15
Which of the following should be most soluble in water?

A)Vitamin C (a very good hydrogen bonder)
B)Vitamin A (a mostly nonpolar molecule)
C)C6H6(l)
D)I2(s)
E)O2(g)
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16
Which of the following substances is a nonelectrolyte?

A)KMnO4
B)CH3CH2OH
C)NaOH
D)K2SO4
E)Na2O
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17
Which of the following should be most soluble in water?

A)fat (a nonpolar triglyceride molecule)
B)C6H6(l)
C)CH3NH2(l)
D)I2(s)
E)O2(g)
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18
What ions, atoms, or molecules (in addition to the water molecules) are present after Na2SO4(s) mixes with water?

A)Na2SO4(l)
B)Na2SO4 (aq)
C)Na+(aq) + NaSO4-(aq)
D)Na2SO32+(aq) + O2-(aq)
E)2Na+(aq) + SO42-(aq)
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19
Which of the following statements regarding the rule "like dissolves like" is incorrect?

A)Since grease is nonpolar, it is not soluble in water.
B)Nitrogen, N2, is not very soluble in water.
C)Methanol, CH3OH, is not very water-soluble.
D)Butane, C4H10, is soluble in cooking oil, a nonpolar substance.
E)Calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3), is soluble in water.
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20
Which of the following statements regarding the rule "like dissolves like" is incorrect?

A)Since cooking oil is composed primarily of hydrocarbons, it is insoluble in water.
B)Iodine, I2, is very soluble in water.
C)Ethanol, CH3CH2OH, is water-soluble.
D)Cooking oil, a nonpolar substance, is soluble in hexane, C6H14.
E)Potassium nitrate, KNO3, is soluble in water.
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21
Which of the following occurs when an ionic compound dissolves in water to form a solution?

A)Ionic bonds break.
B)Hydrogen bonds are disrupted.
C)H2O - Ion attractive forces form.
D)Entropy increases.
E)All of these
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22
Which of the following statements regarding solubility is incorrect?

A)A polar compound will dissolve an ionic compound due to ion-dipole interactions.
B)A nonpolar solvent will not interact strongly enough with ions to dissolve an ionic compound.
C)Nonpolar liquids will dissolve in one another because the intermolecular forces in the pure liquids are weak, and there is an increase in entropy.
D)Most ionic solids are more soluble in water at higher temperature than at a lower temperature of the solvent.
E)Most gases are more soluble at a higher temperature than at a lower temperature of the solvent.
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23
When potassium nitrate is dissolved in water, the resulting solution feels cool to the touch.This means that:

A)the strength of attraction between the solute particles is greater than that of the attraction between the solute and solvent.
B)the strength of attraction between the solute and solvent particles is greater than that of the attraction between the solute particles.
C)the strength of attraction between the solute particles is equal to that of the attraction between the solute and solvent.
D)hydrogen bonds must be broken, which is an exothermic process.
E)there is a decrease in entropy for the solution.
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24
Which of the following statements regarding the solution process is incorrect?

A)When a solution is formed from an ionic compound, the anions and cations are evenly distributed throughout the solution.
B)When a polar covalent compound dissolves in water, dipole-dipole interactions take place between the water molecules and the solute molecules.
C)A nonpolar compound such as hexane, C6H14, forms London dispersion forces with a nonpolar solute, such as I2 during the solution process.
D)The solution process is always exothermic.
E)When an ionic solute dissolves, the entropy of the solution is greater than the original entropy of the crystalline form of the ionic substance.
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25
Which of the following statements regarding the solution process is incorrect?

A)In a sodium chloride solution, the ions interact with the water molecules through ion-dipole forces.
B)Hydration is the process whereby water molecules surround solute particles.
C)A hydrated cation is surrounded by the partially positive end of the water molecules.
D)When an ionic compound dissolves, the ionic bonds break.
E)Some of the hydrogen bonds among the water molecules must break.
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26
The solubility of potassium chloride is 34.2 g/100.0 g of water at 20oC.Which of the following best describes a solution prepared by adding 58.3 g of potassium chloride to 150.0 g of water at this temperature?

A)34.2 g of KCl will dissolve and 24.1 g will remain undissolved.
B)51.3 g of KCl will dissolve and 7.0 g will remain undissolved.
C)24.1 g of KCl will dissolve and 34.2 g will remain undissolved.
D)58.3 g of KCl will dissolve and the solution will be unsaturated.
E)107 g of KCl will dissolve and the solution will be saturated.
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27
What mass of sodium nitrate is dissolved in 455 g of a solution that is 15.0% by mass NaNO3?

A)68.3 g
B)30.3 g
C)4.40 *102 g
D)3.03 * 103 g
E)15.0 g
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28
Which of the following should be most soluble in ethanol, CH3CH2OH?

A)CH3NH2
B)CCl4
C)I2
D)C6H6
E)CO2
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29
What is the percent-by-mass concentration of KOH in a solution that is prepared by adding 18.0 g of KOH to 95.0 g of water?

A)18.9%
B)15.9%
C)31.5%
D)5.28%
E)77.0%
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30
Which of the following increases the solubility of a gas in solution?

A)increasing gas pressure and increasing temperature
B)increasing gas pressure and decreasing temperature
C)decreasing gas pressure and increasing temperature
D)decreasing gas pressure and decreasing temperature
E)adding more water
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31
If the solubility of sodium chloride at 25 °\degree C is 36.0 g/100 g water, which of the following best describes what eventually forms after 15.0 grams of sodium chloride is mixed with 50.0 grams of water at 25 °\degree C?

A)a saturated solution with some undissolved solid
B)an unsaturated solution with some undissolved solid
C)a saturated solution with no undissolved solid
D)an unsaturated solution with no undissolved solid
E)a supersaturated solution
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32
What is the percent-by-mass concentration of KCl in a solution that is prepared by adding 13.0 g of KCl to 85.0 g of water?

A)15.3%
B)17.2%
C)13.3%
D)72.0%
E)65.4%
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33
Many cold packs contain ammonium nitrate and water.The dissolving of ammonium nitrate is endothermic.Which of the following best describes the energy and entropy changes that occur for the NH4NO3 system when ammonium nitrate and water are mixed to make a solution?

A)There is a net energy increase and an entropy increase.
B)There is a net energy increase and an entropy decrease.
C)There is a net energy decrease and an entropy decrease.
D)There is no a net change in energy or entropy.
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34
What mass of sodium hydroxide is dissolved in 295 g of a solution that is 12.0% by mass NaOH?

A)3540 g
B)35.4 g
C)4.07 g
D)40.7 g
E)12.0 g
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35
What mass of sodium chloride is dissolved in 365 g of a solution that is 14.0% by mass NaCl?

A)5110 g
B)26.1 g
C)351 g
D)51.1 g
E)14.0 g
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36
What is the percent-by-mass concentration of NaCl in a solution that is prepared by adding 14.0 g of NaCl to 75.0 g of water?

A)61.0%
B)15.7%
C)18.7%
D)24.0%
E)5.36%
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37
Sodium chloride, NaCl, dissolves in water because

A)there are attractive forces between ions and water molecules.
B)there are no attractive forces between ions and water molecules.
C)the entropy of the solution is greater than the entropy of pure NaCl and pure H2O.
D)the entropy of the solution is less than the entropy of pure NaCl and pure H2O.
E)Both A and C
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38
If the solubility of a solid substance is 18.2 g/100 g water, which of the following best describes what eventually forms after 10.0 grams of the substance is mixed with 50.0 grams of water?

A)a saturated solution with some undissolved solid
B)an unsaturated solution with some undissolved solid
C)a saturated solution with no undissolved solid
D)an unsaturated solution with no undissolved solid
E)a supersaturated solution
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39
Given that the solubility of potassium chlorate in water is 10.0 g/100 g water at 30 °\degree C, what mass of potassium chlorate is dissolved in 250 grams of a saturated solution at 30 °\degree C?

A)any mass greater than 25.0 g
B)any mass less than 10.0 g
C)any mass less than 25.0 g
D)25.0 g
E)10.0 g
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40
Which of the following statements regarding the solubility of oxygen in water is incorrect?

A)Water in contact with air contains a small amount of dissolved oxygen.
B)When water is heated, the first tiny bubbles that you see escaping from the warm water contain O2.
C)In warm weather, fish must come to the surface more often to get oxygen, since there is less dissolved oxygen in the water than in cooler weather.
D)If a sealed container has both oxygen and water, changing the pressure of the oxygen above the water will have no effect on the solubility of the oxygen in the water.
E)An increase in temperature causes an increase in the kinetic energy of the molecules in a solution, allowing oxygen molecules to escape more readily.
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41
A solution contains 15.5 g of NaOH dissolved in sufficient water to give a total mass of 125.0 g.What is the molality of the solution?

A)3.54 m
B)0.124 m
C)0.00310 m
D)3.10 m
E)124 m
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42
A 200.0 g sample of river water contains 6.5 mg of lead.How many parts per million of lead are in the sample?

A)6.5 ppm
B)21 ppm
C)3.2 * 102 ppm
D)32 ppm
E)54 ppm
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43
What is the molal concentration of ions in a 2.40 m solution of Al(NO3)3?

A)2.40 m
B)7.20 m
C)9.60 m
D)0.800 m
E)31.2 m
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44
A solution contains 22.0 g of HCl dissolved in sufficient water to give a total mass of 125.0 g.What is the molality of the solution?

A)0.250 m
B)5.86 m
C)2.75 m
D)4.83 m
E)0.176 m
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45
A solution of acetic acid, CH3CO2H, is prepared by dissolving 40.0 mL of acetic acid in enough water to give a total volume of 250.0 mL.What is the percent-by-volume concentration of acetic acid?

A)19.0%
B)16.0%
C)25.0%
D)40.0%
E)13.8%
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46
What volume of 2.00 M HCl contains 0.50 mol HCl?

A)1.0 L
B)0.25 L
C)2.5 L
D)0.50 L
E)1.5 L
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47
A solution of acetic acid, CH3CO2H, is prepared by dissolving 30.0 mL of acetic acid in enough water to give a total volume of 150.0 mL.What is the percent-by-volume concentration of acetic acid?

A)16.7%
B)15.0%
C)30.0%
D)20.0%
E)25.0%
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48
A solution contains 25.5 g of NaCl dissolved in sufficient water to give a total mass of 325.0 g.What is the molality of the solution?

A)0.146 m
B)0.785 m
C)1.34 m
D)1.46 m
E)134 m
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49
A 150.0 g sample of ocean water contains 3.5 mg of mercury.How many parts per million of mercury are in the sample?

A)15 ppm
B)23 ppm
C)2.4 F* 102 ppm
D)2.3 *104 ppm
E)43 ppm
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50
A solution of ethanol, C2H5OH, is prepared by dissolving 25.0 mL of ethanol in enough water to give a total volume of 250.0 mL.What is the percent-by-volume concentration of ethanol?

A)10.0%
B)9.09%
C)90.0%
D)1.00%
E)225%
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51
What is the percent-by-mass concentration of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, in an aqueous solution that contains 30.0 g of hydrogen peroxide in 1.00 L of solution.The density of the solution is 1.00 g/mL.

A)30.0%
B)3.00%
C)33.3%
D)31.0%
E)70.0%
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52
What volume of 3.00 M NaOH contains 1.75 mol NaOH?

A)1.75 L
B)3.00 L
C)4.75 L
D)0.583 L
E)1.71 L
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53
What is the percent-by-mass concentration of antifreeze (ethylene glycol, C2H6O2) in an aqueous solution that contains 420.0 g of ethylene glycol in 1.00 L of solution.The density of the solution is 1.05 g/mL.

A)2.50%
B)42.1%
C)40.0%
D)44.1%
E)60.0%
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54
A 200.0 g sample of rainwater contains 4.8 mg of sulfuric acid.How many parts per million of sulfuric acid are in the sample?

A)42 ppm
B)21 ppm
C)2.4 *102 ppm
D)4.8 ppm
E)24 ppm
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55
What is the molal concentration of ions in a 1.60 m solution of Fe(NO3)3?

A)1.60 m
B)3.20 m
C)4.80 m
D)6.40 m
E)20.8 m
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56
What volume of 6.00 M NaOH contains 2.50 mol NaOH?

A)2.50 L
B)6.00 L
C)2.40 L
D)0.417 L
E)15.0 L
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57
How many moles of NaOH are contained in 100.0 mL of 3.00 M NaOH?

A)0.300 moles
B)300.0 moles
C)33.3 moles
D)0.00300 moles
E)0.333 moles
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58
How many moles of HCl are contained in 75.0 mL of 2.00 M HCl?

A)2.00 moles
B)1.50 *2 moles
C)0.150 moles
D)37.5 moles
E)26.7 moles
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59
How many moles of NaCl are contained in 50.0 mL of 2.50 M NaCl?

A)2.50 moles
B)0.050 moles
C)5.00 moles
D)2.45 moles
E)0.125 moles
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60
What is the percent-by-mass concentration of citric acid, C6H8O7, in an aqueous solution that contains 263.2 g of citric acid in 1.00 L of solution.The density of the solution is 1.10 g/mL.

A)73.7%
B)26.3%
C)23.9%
D)3.80%
E)29.0%
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61
Silver nitrate, AgNO3, can be used to test for the presence of chloride ions in solution, because it readily forms a precipitate of AgCl.What volume of 2.0 M AgNO3 will be required to react with 50.0 mL of a 0.10 M HCl solution? AgNO3(aq) + HCl(aq) →\rightarrow AgCl(s) + HNO3(aq)

A)0.25 mL
B)25 mL
C)5.0* 101 mL
D)2.5 *102 mL
E)2.5 mL
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62
How many moles of potassium iodide, KI, are required to precipitate all of the lead (II) ion from 50.0 mL of a 1.2 M Pb(NO3)2 solution? (First, write a balanced equation for the reaction.)

A)0.12 mole
B)0.060 mole
C)0.24 mole
D)0.030 mole
E)0.048 mole
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63
How many moles of potassium iodide, KI, are required to precipitate all of the lead (II) ion from 25.0 mL of a 1.6 M Pb(NO3)2 solution? (First, write a balanced equation for the reaction.)

A)0.040 mole
B)0.080 mole
C)0.020 mole
D)64 mol
E)0.64 mol
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64
When a 25.00 mL sample of NaOH is titrated with 0.4523 M H2SO4, 36.69 mL of H2SO4 solution is required to neutralize the NaOH.What is the molarity of the NaOH?

A)0.3319 M
B)0.6638 M
C)1.328 M
D)0.6164 M
E)0.1988 M
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65
Calculate the freezing point of a 1.0 m solution of Ca(NO3)2 in water? Remember that Mg(NO3)2 is an electrolyte.The normal freezing point of pure water is 0.00 °\degree C.Kf (water) = -1.86 °\degree C/m

A)1.56 °\degree C
B)5.58 °\degree C
C)1.86 °\degree C
D)-5.58 °\degree C
E)-1.86 °\degree C
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66
Silver nitrate, AgNO3, can be used to test for the presence of chloride ions in solution, because it readily forms a precipitate of AgCl.What volume of 1.5 M AgNO3 will be required to react with 30.0 mL of a 0.45 M HCl solution AgNO3(aq) + HCl(aq) →\rightarrow AgCl(s) + HNO3(aq)

A)45 mL
B)9.0 mL
C)9.0 L
D)1.0 L
E)1.1 *102 mL
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67
Calculate the freezing point of a 2.0 m solution of NaCl in water? Remember that NaCl is an electrolyte.The normal freezing point of pure water is 0.00 °\degree C.Kf (water) = -1.86 °\degree C/m

A)-2.08 °\degree C
B)-3.72 °\degree C
C)-7.44 °\degree C
D)7.44 °\degree C
E)3.74 °\degree C
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68
When a 25.00 mL sample of H2SO4 is titrated with 0.3423 M NaOH, 26.67 mL of NaOH solution is required to neutralize the H2SO4.What is the molarity of the H2SO4?

A)0.3652 M
B)0.3209 M
C)0.1604 M
D)0.1826 M
E)0.1988 M
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69
The EPA has determined that the maximum safe level of lead ion in drinking water is 15 ppb.If a sample of tap water has a lead ion concentration of 0.0065 ppm, what is the concentration of the lead ion in ppb, and is the water safe to drink? Assume the density of the solution is 1.00 g/mL.

A)65 ppb, not safe
B)6.5 ppb, safe
C)650 ppb, not safe
D)0.65 ppb, safe
E)6.5 * 10-6 ppm, safe
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70
When a 25.00 mL sample of NaOH is titrated with 0.2523 M H2SO4, 26.69 mL of H2SO4 solution is required to neutralize the NaOH.What is the molarity of the NaOH?

A)0.1347 M
B)0.4726 M
C)0.5387 M
D)0.2694 M
E)0.2363 M
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71
The EPA has determined that the maximum safe level of lead ion in drinking water is 15 ppb.If a sample of tap water has a lead ion concentration of 0.016 ppm, what is the concentration of the lead ion in ppb, and is the water safe to drink? Assume the density of the solution is 1.00 g/mL.

A)160 ppb, not safe
B)16 ppb, not safe
C)1600 ppb, not safe
D)0.16 ppb, safe
E)1.6 * 10-6 ppm, safe
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72
Consider two aqueous glucose solutions of different concentrations, separated by a semi-permeable membrane.Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis at the molecular level?

A)The smaller water molecules move in a net direction from the more dilute side to the more concentrated side.
B)The smaller water molecules move in a net direction from the more concentrated side to the more dilute side.
C)The larger glucose particles move in a net direction from the more dilute side to the more concentrated side.
D)The larger glucose particles move in a net direction from the more concentrated side to the more dilute side.
E)Osmosis will not occur.
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73
What volume of 0.1452 M KOH is required to neutralize 25.00 mL of 0.1020 M H2SO4? (First, write a balanced equation for the reaction.)

A)17.79 mL
B)17.56 mL
C)8.781 mL
D)35.12 mL
E)71.18 mL
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74
What will happen to a blood cell that is placed in pure water?

A)The cell will shrink because there will be a net flow of water to the outside of the cell.
B)The cell will shrink because there will be a net flow of electrolytes to the outside of the cell.
C)The cell will expand because there will be a net flow of water to the inside of the cell.
D)The cell will expand because there will be a net flow of electrolytes to the inside of the cell.
E)Nothing will happen because the cell is impermeable.
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75
Calculate the freezing point of a 2.0 m solution of sucrose in water? Sucrose is a nonelectrolyte.The normal freezing point of pure water is 0.00 °\degree C.Kf (water) = -1.86 °\degree C/m

A)-1.86 °\degree C
B)-3.72 °\degree C
C)-2.00 °\degree C
D)3.72 °\degree C
E)1.86 °\degree C
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76
What volume of 0.1243 M KOH is required to neutralize 25.00 mL of 0.1540 M H2SO4? (First, write a balanced equation for the reaction.)

A)10.09 mL
B)30.97 mL
C)61.95 mL
D)20.18 mL
E)40.36 mL
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77
What will happen to a blood cell that is placed in an aqueous solution that has a high salt concentration relative to the blood cell concentration?

A)The cell will shrink because there will be a net flow of water to the outside of the cell.
B)The cell will shrink because there will be a net flow of electrolytes to the outside of the cell.
C)The cell will expand because there will be a net flow of water to the inside of the cell.
D)The cell will expand because there will be a net flow of electrolytes to the inside of the cell.
E)Nothing will happen because the cell is impermeable.
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78
Calculate the boiling point of a 4.0 m solution of sucrose in water? Sucrose is a nonelectrolyte.The normal boiling point of pure water is 100.0 °\degree C.Kb (water) = 0.52 °\degree C/m

A)2.1 °\degree C
B)97.9 °\degree C
C)96.0 °\degree C
D)94.0 °\degree C
E)102.1 °\degree C
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79
Calculate the boiling point of a 4.0 m solution of KI in water? Remember that KI is an electrolyte.The normal boiling point of pure water is 100.0 °\degree C.Kb (water) = 0.52 °\degree C/m

A)101.0 °\degree C
B)104.2 °\degree C
C)96.0 °\degree C
D)102.1 °\degree C
E)4.16 °\degree C
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80
When a 25.00 mL sample of H2SO4 is titrated with 0.2453 M NaOH, 32.47 mL of NaOH solution is required to neutralize the H2SO4.What is the molarity of the H2SO4?

A)0.3186 M
B)0.1889 M
C)0.3777 M
D)3.309 M
E)0.1593 M
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