Deck 12: Community Corrections

Question 1

______ programs supervise offenders in the community prior to their court proceedings in lieu of detention.

A)Pretrial detention
B)Pretrial release
C)Probation
D)Parole

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The goal of ______ programs is to refer offenders to a program instead of processing the case through the system.

A)bail
B)release on own recognizance
C)pretrial detention
D)diversion

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Research indicates that diversion programs are more effective at preventing recidivism among ______.

A)juveniles
B)elderly individuals
C)mentally ill offenders
D)violent offenders

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following statements pertaining to diversion programs is true?

A)They lead to net-widening.
B)There is a lot of evidence that demonstrates that diversion programs increase recidivism
C)There is evidence that diversion programs are less successful than traditional court interventions.
D)They do not reduce the number of cases that are formally processed by the criminal justice system.

Question 5

The first probation law was adopted to provide services for ______ in 1878.

A)drug users
B)mentally ill offenders
C)elderly offenders
D)juveniles

Question 6

Research on drug court programs indicates that ______ participants are less likely to recidivate after participation in the program.

A)juvenile
B)mentally ill
C)adults
D)high-risk

Question 7

Which of the following community corrections programs is considered to be one of the most well-known?

A)house arrest
B)probation
C)work release programs
D)electronic monitoring

Question 8

The first probation statute was passed in ______.

A)New York
B)Massachusetts
C)Texas
D)California

Question 9

Community corrections work with which of the following populations?

A)those who are a part of the community, but have not been in the system
B)those who have been sentenced for a crime and those who have been charged with offenses and are waiting for their cases to be resolved
C)those who work in the system or who are applying to work in the system
D)those who have been sentenced for a crime and those who are victims of those crimes

Question 10

Community corrections programs are designed to ______.

A)help offenders reintegrate into society
B)deter offenders from committing more crime
C)incapacitate offenders who have committed serious crimes
D)provide victims and their families some reassurance that justice was met

Question 11

Which of the following was identified as a benefits of diversion programs?

A)they help increase the number of cases that are formally processed by the criminal justice system
B)they are costly to administer
C)the offender is able to avoid the stigma associated with a criminal conviction
D)the presence of diversion programs can lead to net widening

Question 12

John Augustus is credited with the establishment of ______ in the United States.

A)probation
B)parole
C)diversion
D)electronic monitoring

Question 13

The most common type of diversion programs are for ______.

A)first-time low-level juvenile offenders
B)low-level juvenile offenders with criminal histories
C)first-time low-level adult offenders
D)low-level adult offenders with criminal histories

Question 14

In a drug court, the processing of a case is set aside for ______ while the offender is placed in a treatment group.

A)a week
B)a month
C)a year
D)two years

Question 15

Which of the following involves the supervision of offenders in the community in lieu of incarceration?

A)parole
B)probation
C)diversion programs
D)incarceration

Question 16

The length of _____ is related to recidivism, as those who remain in custody longer, are more likely to recidivate.

A)diversion
B)release on own recognizance
C)pretrial detention
D)pretrial release

Question 17

The focus of community corrections programs is ______.

A)deterrence
B)incapacitation
C)rehabilitation
D)restoration

Question 18

______ refers to the practice of bringing more offenders under the jurisdiction of the juvenile and criminal justice systems.

A)Overcrowding
B)Net-widening
C)Overpopulating
D)System expansion

Question 19

The focus of specialized courts is to ______.

A)provide treatment and services for the offender
B)ensure that punishment is swift, certain, and severe
C)provide the community with reassurance that the offender is off the streets
D)ensure that the sentence is appropriate for the crime

Question 20

______ occurs when an offender is either denied bail or is financially unable to make bail and must remain in custody until their case is resolved or their status changes with the court.

A)Pretrial detention
B)Release on own recognizance
C)Pretrial release
D)Diversion

Question 21

Who prepares the presentencing investigative report?

A)probation officer
B)judge
C)police officer
D)court clerk

Question 22

______ is a form of sanction that requires that offenders remain in their homes in lieu of jail or prison.

A)Work release
B)Day-reporting center
C)Electronic monitoring
D)House arrest

Question 23

Crime-specific supervision is often a type of ______.

A)intensive probation
B)supervised probation
C)split-sentence probation
D)unsupervised probation

Question 24

Intermediate sanctions are used in conjunction with ______.

A)specialized courts
B)probation or parole
C)mental health treatment
D)rehabilitation

Question 25

Which of the following types of probation is typically only used in cases of minor-level offenders?

A)intensive probation
B)supervised probation
C)split-sentence probation
D)unsupervised probation

Question 26

______ involves the use of a short-term incarceration sentence in conjunction with a traditional probation sentence.

A)Intensive probation
B)Supervised probation
C)Shock probation
D)Unsupervised probation

Question 27

______ organizes a probation officer's caseload by specific offense types.

A)Crime-specific probation
B)Supervised probation
C)Split-sentence probation
D)Unsupervised probation

Question 28

Which of the following was identified as a common conditions of probation assigned by the court?

A)report to judge as directed
B)obtain permission to go run errands
C)maintain sobriety from drugs and alcohol
D)sever all ties with close family and friends

Question 29

Individuals on ______ are generally NOT required to check in with a probation officer but are required to meet certain terms and conditions set forth by the court.

A)intensive probation
B)supervised probation
C)shock probation
D)unsupervised probation

Question 30

Under ______ , the offender is required to check in either face-to-face or by telephone on a particular schedule.Depending on the type of case, offenders may be required to check in on either a monthly or a weekly basis.

A)intensive probation
B)supervised probation
C)shock probation
D)unsupervised probation

Question 31

Demographics of adults on probation indicate that the majority of those sentenced to probation are ______.

A)Black
B)White
C)Hispanic
D)Asian

Question 32

______ are much more likely to be described as NOT criminally dangerous.

A)Black youth
B)Girls
C)Females
D)Hispanic males

Question 33

Demographics of adults on probation indicate that the majority of those sentenced to probation were convicted of a ______.

A)felony
B)misdemeanor
C)infraction
D)public-order crime

Question 34

Which of the following is an example of an intermediate sanction?

A)parole
B)electronic monitoring
C)probation
D)incarceration

Question 35

Which of the following types of probation involves the use of short-term incarceration sentence in conjunction with a traditional probation sentence?

A)intensive probation
B)supervised probation
C)split-sentence probation
D)unsupervised probation

Question 36

GPS technology is often used to monitor the transit of ______.

A)sex offenders
B)drug suppliers
C)drug users
D)prostitutes

Question 37

______ is a term that is generally used to reference the category of intervention between probation and incarceration.

A)Community correction
B)Intermediate sanction
C)Diversionary sentence
D)Shock probation

Question 38

The presentence investigation report contains which of the following information?

A)information on the family of the victim
B)information on familial assets
C)information on mental health
D)information of past sexual encounters

Question 39

______ occurs in cases where an offender refuses to comply with drug testing or tests positive for a controlled substance three times within a year.

A)Technical violation
B)Mandatory revocation
C)Voluntary revocation
D)Status violation

Question 40

______ is also referred to as community control probation.

A)Intensive probation
B)Supervised probation
C)Shock probation
D)Unsupervised probation

Question 41

The passage of the ______ of 1984 abolished parole at the federal level.

A)Federal Parole Reform Act
B)Sentencing Reform Act
C)Parole Abolishment Act
D)Community Corrections Reform Act

Question 42

A ______ requires an offender to attend a program or center during the day, but allows them to live in their own homes during the evening.

A)work release program
B)day-reporting center
C)halfway house
D)house arrest program

Question 43

In Iowa a parole board is composed of which of the following?

A)members must have a political background
B)must include an ex-offender who was rehabilitated
C)must include an employee of the prison
D)must contain one member who has at least a master's degree in social work or counseling and guidance

Question 44

The amount of time an offender has to wait before being reconsidered for parole is dependent on which of the following?

A)severity of their crime
B)rehabilitative progress in prison
C)their age and gender
D)availability of parole officers

Question 45

______ refers to the supervision of offenders following their release from prison.

A)Probation
B)Parole
C)Intermediate sanction
D)Intensive probation

Question 46

The process of reentry was described by the author as _____.

A)easy
B)traumatic
C)life changing
D)positive

Question 47

In most cases, ______ determine whether an offender should be released on parole.

A)judges
B)parole boards
C)parole officers
D)governors

Question 48

Which type of offense will bar individuals from living in public housing developments and receiving other government benefits?

A)property
B)drug
C)status
D)white-collar

Question 49

Which of the following was identified as one of the primary reasons why many offenders are involved in criminal activity and ultimately sent to prison?

A)lack of resources to succeed
B)relationships with existing offenders
C)drug addiction
D)inadequate supervision

Question 50

In 2014, almost half of the individuals on parole were ______.

A)Black
B)Hispanic
C)White
D)Asian

Question 51

Alexander Maconochie and Sir Walter Crofton are credited with the establishment of ______.

A)probation
B)parole
C)diversion
D)electronic monitoring

Question 52

Many states deny individuals the right to vote if they have been convicted of a ______.

A)public-order crime
B)misdemeanor
C)infraction
D)felony

Question 53

If an offender is denied parole, they must wait a maximum of ______ years before being reconsidered.

A)2
B)5
C)7
D)9

Question 54

______ is a term used to describe a determination of whether an incarcerated offender should be released back into the community.

A)Probation
B)Parole
C)Intermediate sanction
D)Intensive probation

Question 55

Non-violent offenders must serve only ______ of their sentence before they can be declared eligible for parole.

A)10%
B)33%
C)58%
D)85%

Question 56

A ______ is designed to provide a transitional living arrangement for ex-offenders upon their release from jail or prison.

A)work release program
B)day reporting center
C)halfway house
D)house arrest program

Question 57

A ______ program is used for offenders that are currently housed in a local jail.It allows individuals to leave the facility during the day.

A)work release program
B)day-reporting center
C)halfway house
D)house arrest program

Question 58

According to research, ______ parolees tend to have less access to mental health clinics than parolees of other races/ethnicities.

A)Hispanic
B)Black
C)White
D)Asian

Question 59

Which of the following was identified as a common factor examined by parole boards when determining whether an offender should be placed on parole?

A)victim impact statement
B)criminal history of the offender
C)state and federal laws
D)relationship status of the offender

Question 60

______ refers to the period of time when an offender is released from prison and returns to the community.

A)Recidivism
B)Pretrial
C)Parole
D)Reentry

Question 61

One of the primary benefits of diversion programs is that they do NOT lead to net-widening.

Question 62

Research shows that effective correction treatment should focus on all of the following principles EXCEPT ______.

A)risk
B)needs
C)empathy
D)responsivity

Question 63

Upon release from prison, Tim was sent to a place designed to provide a transitional living arrangement for ex-offenders upon their release from jail or prison.This means Tim is in a day reporting center.

Question 64

Some jurisdictions rely on probation officers to make recommendations on whether someone should be released on her or his own recognizance during the pretrial stage.

Question 65

Pretrial detention occurs when offenders either are denied bail or are financially unable to make bail and must remain in custody until their case is resolved or their status changes with the court.

Question 66

Males and females are often described similarly on presentence investigation reports.

Question 67

The most common type of diversion program is used with first-time low-level juvenile offenders.

Question 68

If Carla is in a program that allows her to leave the facility during the day to go to work or school while requiring her to remain in the jail during the evenings and weekends, she is in a day-reporting center.

Question 69

In many cases, house arrest programs are used in conjunction with electronic monitoring.

Question 70

The number of adults on probation has been steadily increasing over the past decade.

Question 71

Diversion programs are a popular option for mentally ill offenders.

Question 72

Under a supervised probation sentence, the offender is required to check in, either face-to-face or by telephone, on a particular schedule.

Question 73

Crime-specific supervision organizes a probation officer's caseload by specific offense types.

Question 74

Community corrections work with two distinct populations: those who have been sentenced for a crime and those who have been charged with offenses and are waiting for their cases to be resolved by the criminal justice system.

Question 75

All of the following statements are consistent with the argument that employers should be permitted to ask about criminal history EXCEPT which?

A)Background checks could improve the odds that an ex-offender is hired.
B)Background checks can help clarify doubts about the persons character.
C)Background checks can provide an employer a better understanding of what led to the applicants arrest or conviction.
D)Background checks can reduce the chances that an ex-offender will be called for an interview.

Question 76

The probation officer prepares the presentence investigative report which provides the court with detailed information regarding the background of the offender, information about the offense, victim impact statements, and restitution information, and opinions on the likelihood that the offender will be successfully rehabilitated.

Question 77

The field of pretrial services emerged to bridge the gap between pretrial detention and bail programs.

Question 78

Technical violation refers to violations of the terms and conditions of probation.

Question 79

Mandatory revocation of probation occurs in cases where an offender refuses to comply with drug testing or tests positive for a controlled substance three times within a year.

Question 80

GPS is a type of electronic monitoring that allows for greater opportunities to locate and track the movement of offenders, such as sex offenders.