Deck 14: Bringing It All Together: Practical Solutions for Community-Based Corrections

Question 1

Many offenders recidivate when they feel overwhelmed by the sheer number of conditions and responsibilities they are faced with on probation.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Currently all 50 states have record sealing statues, primarily to protect juveniles from lifelong discrimination due to one mistake committed as a child.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The three components of Schwalbe's participation process model are communication, leverage, and casework strategies.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The most effective juvenile programs involve a heavy dose of discipline and deterrence.

Question 5

Juveniles do not have constitutional right to have their juvenile records kept confidential for life.

Question 6

Pardons are categorized into two types: absolute pardons and conditional pardons.

Question 7

Using a leverage approach means that officers must continuously confront offenders for undesirable behavior, and then carry out the consequences constantly when rule-violating behavior persists.

Question 8

Casework strategies include assessing criminogenic problems, scoring risk and needs accurately, establishing long-range treatment goals, and assisting the client with meeting these goals.

Question 9

Rehabilitation efforts are most effective when cognitive-behavioral methods are used for three to nine months.

Question 10

The English origin of the concept of "pardon" was a royal, personal type of forgiveness.

Question 11

Desistance from crime appears to be a sudden event, rather than a gradual one.

Question 12

Justice reinvestment is the primary goal of community corrections.

Question 13

A conditional pardon becomes operative when the grantee has performed some specific act(s) or becomes void when some specific act(s) transpire(s).

Question 14

The theory of risk/need/responsivity is also known as the principles of correctional intervention.

Question 15

A certificate of discharge or rehabilitation is a certificate furnished upon completion of proceedings that specifies the rights have been removed.

Question 16

Expungement and sealing of records are essentially the same procedure, but some jurisdictions refer to them by one term and other jurisdictions by the other.

Question 17

An absolute pardon freely and unconditionally absolves an individual from the legal consequences of his or her conviction.

Question 18

Unsupervised supervision is an effective method of parole if it is conducted over email on a consistent basis.

Question 19

Justice reinvestment includes federal funding for employment programs, libraries, schools, and social services in disadvantaged neighborhoods if states can show evidence that they have reduced their prison populations with no increase in the crime rate.

Question 20

The single most common measure of crime desistance is recidivism rates.

Question 21

Expungement of Class B Felonies in Washington state requires a waiting period of

A) three months.
B) six months.
C) three years.
D) 10 years.

Question 22

In the past, the power to pardon a convicted criminal belonged to the

A) people.
B) king or sovereign.
C) trial court.
D) warden of the releasing institution.

Question 23

Expungement of records in New Jersey

A) is not possible in the case of an arson conviction.
B) is limited to juvenile offenders.
C) is only possible for misdemeanors.
D) is only possible for a disorderly people offense.

Question 24

For people on probation and parole, casework strategies include assessing criminogenic problems, scoring risk and needs accurately, assisting the client with implementing action steps to meet goals, and

A) establishing long-range treatment goals.
B) drug and alcohol treatment.
C) education.
D) communication.

Question 25

In most states today, the power to pardon state felony cases belongs to the _____________, acting alone or in conjunction with some official or board of pardons.

A) legislature
B) governor
C) courts
D) attorney general

Question 26

When a person has lost a professional license due to conviction, a pardon

A) automatically restores the license and right to practice.
B) restores the license one year after the pardon.
C) generally does not restore the license.
D) restores the license, but the right to practice is decided by a professional board.

Question 27

Being pardoned at the federal level restores the right to vote, to hold office, and to

A) serve on a jury.
B) be bonded.
C) receive federal aid.
D) all of these.

Question 28

When a person completes proceedings to have his or her rights restored, he or she is often presented with a

A) commendation.
B) certificate of rehabilitation.
C) citation.
D) certificate of completion.

Question 29

The ultimate goal of community corrections is

A) recidivism.
B) crime desistance.
C) rehabilitation.
D) retribution.

Question 30

The theory of _____ helps to identify program characteristics that will produce the greatest reduction in recidivism.

A) cognitive-behavioral therapy
B) risk/need/responsivity
C) motivational interviewing
D) risk/rehabilitation/responsivity

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT one of the three objectives to achieving crime desistance?

A) Rehabilitation through effective treatment
B) Protecting the public through consistent supervision
C) Restoration of victims, offenders, and community
D) Achieving retribution for the victims

Question 32

Which of the following is not one of the three concepts of Schwalbe's participation process model?

A) Communication
B) Leverage
C) Casework strategies
D) Surveillance

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT one of the key factors that has been found to reduce recidivism while on parole?

A) Concentrated treatment services combined with parole supervision during the first few weeks of release
B) Strong employment ties
C) Stable relationships with family
D) Having children

Question 34

_____ refers to a situation where, by law, some people must remain on probation or parole for years, but they are not actively reporting in person.

A) Banked probation
B) Immunity
C) Restorative justice
D) Unsupervised supervision

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT one of the three primary ways an inmate can prepare for successful reentry?

A) Completing meaningful treatment
B) Maintaining contact with positive and supportive family members
C) Getting married
D) Developing a solid prerelease plan

Question 36

Juvenile programs that are considered ineffective are usually characterized by too heavy a focus on

A) discipline or deterrence.
B) psychological treatment.
C) cognitive-behavioral treatment.
D) vocational skills.

Question 37

Community corrections supervision attends to two major groups of offenders: those sentenced to community corrections (e.g., probationers) and

A) juveniles.
B) offenders reentering society after serving time in prison.
C) the mentally ill.
D) violent offenders.

Question 38

Rehabilitation efforts are most successful when ___________methods are used for three to nine months in duration.

A) critical-incarcerative
B) cognitive-behavioral
C) focused-retributive
D) punitive

Question 39

States that indicate that they will reduce their prison populations are eligible to receive federal funding for employment programs, libraries, schools, and public housing in a federal program called

A) justice reinvestment.
B) the Violence Against Women Act.
C) the Second Chance Act.
D) judicial pardons.

Question 40

Generally, the pardon process is initiated by

A) the recommendation of the governor's office.
B) an application by the offender.
C) a recommendation by the parole officer.
D) the state legislature.

Question 41

Rehabilitation efforts are most successful when _____ methods are used for at least three to nine months.

Question 42

_____ is more of a gradual process, rather than a sudden event.

Question 43

__________ is the term for records of juvenile arrest, adjudication, and disposition, which are accessible to law enforcement or criminal justice personnel but not to the general public.

Question 44

Federal funding for communities that reduce their prison populations without increasing crime rates is _____.

Question 45

_____ justice provides offenders opportunities to be accountable for their actions and repay the harm caused to their victims and their communities.

A) Retributive
B) Rehabilitative
C) Restorative
D) Punitive

Question 46

A court order prohibiting public disclosure of a defendant's criminal history record is a

A) certificate of discharge.
B) certificate of rehabilitation.
C) petition for nondisclosure.
D) certificate of restoration.

Question 47

Recent criminological studies have shown that after _____ years, the risk of an ex-offender reoffending is nearly identical to that of a person who had never committed a crime actually becoming an offender.

A) two
B) three
C) five
D) seven

Question 48

Legally, any applicant who has his or her criminal records sealed can say what?

A) No such records exist.
B) No conviction exists.
C) No arrest exists.
D) No incarceration record exists.

Question 49

The important element of community-based correctional solutions is that they provide options without the use of ___________.

Question 50

The most vulnerable period for recidivism is

A) one to two years after release.
B) within six months of release.
C) the first month after release.
D) the first week after release.

Question 51

In the federal court system of the United States, the power to pardon is held by the __________.

Question 52

In Ohio and Oregon, expungement is

A) impossible.
B) only possible with misdemeanor convictions.
C) fee-based.
D) only possible for juveniles.

Question 53

A certificate of _____ is an official written document signifying that an offender has completed his or her sentence.

Question 54

_____ erases or restores a record and limits public availability to arrest records and conviction records.

Question 55

A pardon that freely and completely absolves an individual from the legal consequences of his or her crime is a(n) __________ pardon.

A) full
B) executive
C) conditional
D) total

Question 56

Restoration of rights may be done in two ways: by application or by __________ restoration.

Question 57

Methods used to restore rights include __________, automatic restoration of rights, expungement, sealing, and restoration of rights upon application.

Question 58

The participation process model includes communication, casework strategies, and _____.

Question 59

A pardon that freely absolves an individual from the legal consequences of his or her conviction is a(n)_________ pardon, while a pardon that becomes operative when the grantee has performed some specific act(s) or that becomes void when some specific act(s) transpires is a(n)_____________ pardon.

Question 60

A(n) ___________________ erases or destroys a record and limits public availability to arrest and conviction records.

A) automatic restoration of rights
B) conditional pardon
C) certificate of discharge
D) expungement

Question 61

You are a parole officer who wants to make sure the people you are responsible for stay out of prison. What, in your opinion, are the biggest risk factors to recidivism? How can they best be addressed?

Question 62

Imagine you are a new parolee. You were incarcerated when you were in your teens; now you are 48. When you were incarcerated, you had a drug addiction. Now you have a GED and hopes for the future. Write an essay about your upcoming reentry. What are your hopes? Your concerns?

Question 63

You are responsible for maintaining the records for a busy urban police department. You are constantly inundated with requests for information. What are the ethical problems with giving out information to anyone who asks for it? What are the responsibilities you feel? Do you feel it is important for anyone's criminal past to be public knowledge? Why or why not?

Question 64

You are a legislator whose pet issue is freedom of information. However, you also understand that it might be unfair in the age of information to make it easy to discover the worst moment of any citizen's life, a moment that might define them forever. Are there certain convictions that should never be sealed or expunged? Should an offender always be identifiable by the worst thing he or she did? Why or why not?

Question 65

The legal concealment of a person's criminal (or juvenile) record that did not result in conviction so that it cannot be opened except by order of the court is called ___________ the file.

Question 66

What are the ways an offender maintain privacy about his past criminal records?

Question 67

You are a judge who has to decide on whether you prefer community supervision solutions or restorative solutions. Which are more effective, in your opinion? Why? Is there a combination that you feel is not effective?