Deck 17: Improving Your Memory

Question 1

Which of the following did Waiter and Collin (2012)find?
(A)Judgments of future memory performance were more accurate with distinctive materials
(B)Faces are more likely recognized when paired with a distinctive name
(C)Names were more likely to be recognized when paired with a distinctive face
(D)Names were more likely to be recalled when paired with a distinctive face
(E)All of these

Answer 1

E

Question 2

When Massen and Vaterrodt-Plünnecke (2006)asked participants to use the method of loci on multiple lists, each of which consisted of words drawn from different categories:
(A)There was significantly greater proactive interference than with other strategies
(B)There was little or no evidence of proactive interference
(C)Participants were especially bad at learning words on later lists
(D)Participants reported great difficulty using the method of loci
(E)None of these

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Ericsson and Kintsch (1995)introduced the notion of long-term working memory, which would permit someone to access information in long-term memory through _________ in working memory.
(A)Retrieval cues
(B)Sensory gates
(C)Nodes
(D)Inhibitory interneurons
(E)Stabilization factors

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Wilding and Valentine (1994)categorized a task like the recognition of snow crystals under which heading?
(A)Subliminal
(B)Strategic
(C)Rote
(D)Directed
(E)Non-strategic

Question 5

Eysenck (1979)argued that, given a high level of encoding-relative overlap, discrimination between the correct memory trace and incorrect ones at retrieval is greatest when:
(A)Distinctiveness is at a local minimum
(B)The lures are associated with the retrieval cue
(C)Lateral inhibition between retrieval cues is high
(D)The target trace is interrelated with both the cue and the lures
(E)The retrieval cue is uniquely associated with only one distinctive item

Question 6

Morris et al. (2005)invited a group of students to a party with instructions to learn the names of the other attendees. Students in which group recalled the most names after a delay of 24-72 hours?
(A)No specific strategy
(B)Pegword
(C)Imagery mnemonic
(D)Expanded retrieval practice
(E)Method of loci

Question 7

The use of visual imagery can be particularly hampered by introducing an interfering task of which sort?
(A)Auditory
(B)Verbal
(C)Spatial
(D)Olfactory
(E)Synesthetic

Question 8

Hu, Ericsson, Yang, and Lu (2009)reported that mnemonist Chao Lu's ability to recite so many digits of pi was based primarily on which type of strategy?
(A)Pegword
(B)Story mnemonic
(C)Onamonapia
(D)Acronym
(E)Method of loci

Question 9

Which of the following represents learning techniques ordered from low to high in usefulness, according to Dunlowsky et al.'s (2013)work?
(A)Summarization, self-explanation, testing effect
(B)Elaborative interrogation, re-reading, imagery for text
(C)Self-explanation, testing effect, summarization
(D)Testing effect, re-reading, self-explanation
(E)Re-reading, interleaved practice, imagery from text

Question 10

What are Ericsson's (1988)requirements for achieving an exceptional memory skill?
(A)Flexibility, motivation, and meaning
(B)Practice, practice, and practice
(C)Training, practice, and innate skill
(D)Meaningful encoding, retrieval structure, and speed-up
(E)Retrieval structure, flexibility, and training

Question 11

Shipstead et al.'s (2012)review of the literature on working memory training suggested which of the following:
(A)Training effects on long-term recall were often small and non-significant
(B)Training effects on attention were often small and non-significant
(C)There is a substantial positive training effect on the trained tasks
(D)There is no evidence of transfer to non-trained measures
(E)All of these

Question 12

The finding that there is generally a higher probability that distinctive items will be recalled, relative to non-distinctive ones, has become known as the:
(A)Simon effect
(B)Generation effect
(C)Spacing effect
(D)von Restorff effect
(E)Gestalt effect

Question 13

"Heaven" is the pegword provided in the text for which of the following:
(A)Five
(B)One
(C)Three
(D)Two
(E)None of these

Question 14

When presented with a tone having a pitch of 2,000 cycles per second, Shereshevskii claimed to exhibit synesthesia, in that he said he experienced:
(A)A quiet hum
(B)A 1000 Hz tone
(C)A 150 Hz tone
(D)Fireworks tinged with a pink-red hue with an ugly taste
(E)A loud buzz

Question 15

All of the following are LIMITATIONS associated with the story mnemonic explicitly discussed in the text, EXCEPT:
(A)You have to work through the list serially
(B)It requires extensive training
(C)It is exceptionally prone to proactive interference
(D)It is not suitable for rapid information presentation
(E)It may take 10 seconds or longer to develop a suitable story

Question 16

Beni, Moè, and Cornoldi (1997)found that:
(A)There was no difference learning strategy when the text was in written form at the long delay
(B)The method of loci was better than rehearsal following oral presentation at a short delay
(C)The method of loci was better than rehearsal following oral presentation at a long delay
(D)There was no difference learning strategy when the text was in written form at the short delay
(E)All of these

Question 17

Which researcher famously studied the Russian mnemonist, Shereshevskii?
(A)Freud
(B)Luria
(C)Pavlov
(D)Hebb
(E)Kandel

Question 18

Massen et al. (2009)found that the method of loci led to better recall when based on a route to work rather than one inside the participant's home, they presume because:
(A)Work-related thoughts heighten constructive levels of stress
(B)The home is often smaller than a memory palace
(C)Work-related thoughts encourage accuracy
(D)The route to work is generally more constant
(E)One is more practiced at needing to remember things on the way to work

Question 19

The Deese- Roediger-McDermott paradigm has been used to study:
(A)The effects of vagueness on memory performance
(B)The effects of emotions on forgetting
(C)The effects of distinctiveness on memory performance
(D)The effects of PTSD on memory recall
(E)The effects of alcohol on memory performance

Question 20

When the list of to-be-memorized street names were presented in a random order, Kalakoski and Saairluoma (2001)found which of the following to be true:
(A)Place cells fired more often in the students' brains
(B)Taxi drivers recalled more street names correctly
(C)Students recalled more street names correctly
(D)Students crashed the virtual car more often
(E)There was no recall difference between taxi drivers and students

Question 21

The use of visual imagery can be particularly hampered by introducing an interfering task of which sort?
(A)Auditory
(B)Verbal
(C)Visuo-Spatial
(D)Olfactory
(E)Synesthetic

Question 22

Schroeder et al. (2018)compared the effectiveness of concept maps with respect to STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics)subjects with non- STEM subjects. They found that:
(A)Concept maps are only useful for history and geography
(B)Concept maps have beneficial effects only for non-STEM subjects
(C)Concept maps have beneficial effects only for STEM subjects
(D)Concept maps had comparably detrimental effects for both types of subjects
(E)Concept maps had comparably beneficial effects for both types of subjects

Question 23

Karpicke, Butler, and Roediger (2009)found that most of their student sample selected which of the following as their chosen method to most effectively study material?
(A)Test themselves on material from the chapter, without restudying
(B)Go back and restudy the entire chapter
(C)Read the chapter aloud quickly
(D)Listen to a recording of the chapter while sleeping
(E)None of these

Question 24

As Gobet (2016, p. 40)pointed out, "Mnemonics work by using LTM [long- term memory] as a means to compensate for the limited capacity of STM [short- term memory] by creating what are known as:
(A)Retrieval structures
(B)Retrieval cues
(C)Memory structures
(D)Forgetting barriers
(E)Retrieval facilitation effects