Deck 26: Direct-Current Circuits

Question 1

Electromagnetic waves: A planar electromagnetic wave is propagating in the +x direction. At a certain point P and at a given instant, the electric field of the wave is given by = (0.082 V/m) . What is the magnetic vector of the wave at the point P at that instant? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s)

A) 0.27 nT
B) -0.27 nT
C) 0.27 nT
D) 6.8 nT
E) -6.8 nT

Answer 1

0.27 nT

Question 2

Displacement current: A capacitor is hooked up to a resistor and an AC voltage source as shown in the figure. The output of the source is given by V(t) = V₀ sin ωt. The plates of the capacitor are disks of radius R. Point P is directly between the two plates, equidistant from them and a distance R/2 from the center axis. At point P

A) there is no magnetic field because there is no charge moving between the plates.
B) there is a constant magnetic field.
C) there is a time-varying magnetic field.

Answer 2

there is a time-varying magnetic field.

Question 3

Electromagnetic waves: If an electromagnetic wave has components E_y = E₀ sin(kx - ωt) and B_z = B₀ sin(kx - ωt), in what direction is it traveling?

A) -x
B) +x
C) +y
D) -y
E) +z

Answer 3

+x

Question 4

Poynting vector: A planar electromagnetic wave is propagating in the +x direction. At a certain point P and at a given instant, the electric field of the wave is given by = (0.082 V/m) . What is the Poynting vector at the point P at that instant? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10-7 T ∙· m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 18 µW/m²

B) -18 µW/m²

C) 9.0 µW/m²

D) -9.0 µW/m²

E) -18 µW/m²

Question 5

Electromagnetic waves: The energy per unit volume in an electromagnetic wave is

A) equally divided between the electric and magnetic fields.
B) mostly in the electric field.
C) mostly in the magnetic field.
D) all in the electric field.
E) all in the magnetic field.

Question 6

Electromagnetic waves: If the electric field and magnetic field of an electromagnetic wave are given by E = E₀ sin(kx - ωt) and B = B₀ sin(kx - ωt), and if the value of E₀ is 51 µV/m, what is the value of B₀? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s)

A) 1.7 × 10¹⁴ T
B) 1.7 × 10³ T
C) 1.7 × 10^-14 T
D) 1.7 × 10⁴ T
E) 1.7 × 10^-13 T

Question 7

Poynting vector: The magnitude of the Poynting vector of a planar electromagnetic wave has an average value of 0.939 W/m². The wave is incident upon a rectangular area, 1.5 m by 2.0 m, at right angles. How much total electromagnetic energy falls on the area during 1.0 minute? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 170 J
B) 210 J
C) 250 J
D) 300 J
E) 340 J

Question 8

Electromagnetic waves: The magnitude of the magnetic field at point P for a certain electromagnetic wave is 2.12 μT. What is the magnitude of the electric field for that wave at P? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s)

A) 636 N/C
B) 745 N/C
C) 5.23 µN/C
D) 6.36 µN/C
E) 7.45 µN/C

Question 9

Electromagnetic waves: If the magnetic field of an electromagnetic wave is in the +x-direction and the electric field of the wave is in the +y-direction, the wave is traveling in the

A) xy-plane.
B) +z-direction.
C) -z-direction.
D) -x-direction.
E) -y-direction.

Question 10

Electromagnetic waves: The y-component of the electric field of an electromagnetic wave traveling in the +x direction through vacuum obeys the equation E_y = (375 N/C) cos[kx - (2.20 × 10¹⁴ rad/s)t]. (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s)
(a) What is the largest that the x-component of the wave can be?
(b) What is the largest that the z-component of the wave can be?

Question 11

Electromagnetic waves: An electromagnetic wave is propagating towards the west. At a certain moment the direction of the magnetic field vector associated with this wave points vertically up. The direction of the electric field vector of this wave is

A) horizontal and pointing south.
B) vertical and pointing down.
C) horizontal and pointing north.
D) vertical and pointing up.
E) horizontal and pointing east.

Question 12

Electromagnetic waves: If the z-component of the magnetic field of an electromagnetic wave traveling in the +x direction through vacuum obeys the equation B_z(x, t) = (1.25 μT) cos[(3800 m^-1)x - (1.14 × 10-¹² rad/s)t], what is the largest that the y component of the electric field can be? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s)

A) 375 N/C
B) 4.17 × 10^-15 N/C
C) 3.75 × 10⁸ N/C
D) 4.17 × 10^-9 N/C
E) 1.25 × 10⁶ N/C

Question 13

Radiation pressure: When an electromagnetic wave falls on a white, perfectly reflecting surface, it exerts a force F on that surface. If the surface is now painted a perfectly absorbing black, what will be the force that the same wave will exert on the surface?

A) 4F
B) 2F
C) F
D) F/2
E) F/4

Question 14

Electromagnetic waves: In an electromagnetic wave, the electric and magnetic fields are oriented such that they are

A) parallel to one another and perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.
B) parallel to one another and parallel to the direction of wave propagation.
C) perpendicular to one another and perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.
D) perpendicular to one another and parallel to the direction of wave propagation.

Question 15

Electromagnetic waves: Which one of the following lists is a correct representation of electromagnetic waves from longer wavelength to shorter wavelength?

A) radio waves, infrared, microwaves, UV, visible, X-rays, gamma rays
B) radio waves, UV, X-rays, microwaves, infrared, visible, gamma rays
C) radio waves, microwaves, visible, X-rays, infrared, UV, gamma rays
D) radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, UV, X-rays, gamma rays
E) radio waves, infrared, X-rays, microwaves, UV, visible, gamma rays

Question 16

Poynting vector: The magnitude of the Poynting vector of a planar electromagnetic wave has an average value of 0.724 W/m². What is the maximum value of the magnetic field in the wave? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 77.9 nT
B) 55.1 nT
C) 38.9 nT
D) 108 nT
E) 156 nT

Question 17

Electromagnetic waves: An electromagnetic wave propagates along the +y direction as shown in the figure. If the electric field at the origin is along the +z direction, what is the direction of the magnetic field?

A) +z
B) -z
C) +y
D) +x
E) -x

Question 18

Electromagnetic waves: The magnitude of the electric field at a point P for a certain electromagnetic wave is 570 N/C. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field for that wave at P? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s)

A) 2.91 µT
B) 1.90 µT
C) 1.10 µT
D) 1.41 µT
E) 2.41 µT

Question 19

Electromagnetic waves: The y component of the electric field of an electromagnetic wave traveling in the +x direction through vacuum obeys the equation E_y = (375 N/C) cos[kx - (2.20 × 10¹⁴ rad/s)t]. What is the wavelength of this electromagnetic wave? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s)

A) 0.272 µm
B) 1.36 µm
C) 2.72 µm
D) 8.57 µm
E) 17.1 µm

Question 20

Electromagnetic waves: Given that the wavelengths of visible light range from 400 nm to 700 nm, what is the highest frequency of visible light? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s)

A) 3.1 × 10⁸ Hz
B) 7.5 × 10¹⁴ Hz
C) 2.3 × 10²⁰ Hz
D) 4.3 × 10¹⁴ Hz
E) 5.0 × 10⁸ Hz

Question 21

Radiation pressure: The average intensity of the sunlight in Miami, Florida, is 1.04 kW/m². For surfaces on which the light is all absorbed, what is the average value of the radiation pressure due to this sunlight in Miami? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙· m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

Question 22

Field intensity: An 800-kHz radio signal is detected at a point 4.5 km distant from a transmitter tower. The electric field amplitude of the signal at that point is 0.63 V/m. Assume that the signal power is radiated uniformly in all directions and that radio waves incident upon the ground are completely absorbed. What is the magnetic field amplitude of the signal at that point? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 2.1 nT
B) 1.7 nT
C) 1.3 nT
D) 2.5 nT
E) 2.9 nT

Question 23

Field intensity: An 800-kHz radio signal is detected at a point 9.1 km distant from a transmitter tower. The electric field amplitude of the signal at that point is 0.440 V/m. Assume that the signal power is radiated uniformly in all directions and that radio waves incident upon the ground are completely absorbed. What is the average total power radiated by the transmitter? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 0.27 MW
B) 0.32 MW
C) 0.38 MW
D) 0.45 MW
E) 0.50 MW

Question 24

Field intensity: A microwave oven operates with sinusoidal microwaves at a frequency of 2400 MHz. The height of the oven cavity is 25 cm and the base measures 30 cm by 30 cm. Assume that microwave energy is generated uniformly on the upper surface of the cavity and propagates directly downward toward the base. The base is lined with a material that completely absorbs microwave energy. The total microwave energy content of the cavity is 0.50 µJ. What is the power output of the oven? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 0.50 kW
B) 0.55 kW
C) 0.60 kW
D) 0.65 kW
E) 0.70 kW

Question 25

Field intensity: A radiometer has two square vanes (each measuring 1.0 cm by 1.0 cm), attached to a light horizontal cross arm, and pivoted about a vertical axis through the center, as shown in the figure. The center of each vane is 6.0 cm from the axis. One vane is silvered and it reflects all radiant energy incident upon it. The other vane is blackened and it absorbs all incident radiant energy. An electromagnetic wave with an intensity of 0.30 kW/m² is incident normally upon the vanes. What is the electromagnetic power absorbed by the blackened vane? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 0.030 W
B) 0.040 W
C) 0.050 W
D) 0.060 W
E) 0.090 W

Question 26

Field intensity: A very small source of light that radiates uniformly in all directions produces an electric field amplitude of 2.96 V/m at a point 33.0 m from the source. What is the power output from the source? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

Question 27

Field intensity: A sinusoidal electromagnetic wave is propagating in vacuum. At a given point P and at a particular time, the electric field is in the +x direction and the magnetic field is in the -y direction.
(a) What is the direction of propagation of the wave?
(b) If the intensity of the wave at point P is what is the electric field amplitude at that point? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

Question 28

Radiation pressure: The intensity of solar radiation near the earth is 1.4 kW/m². What force is exerted by solar radiation impinging normally on a 5.0 m² perfectly reflecting panel of an artificial satellite orbiting the earth? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 14 kN
B) 94 µN
C) 140 µN
D) 23 µN
E) 47 µN

Question 29

Field intensity: A 7.5 × 10¹⁴ Hz laser emits a 7.7-μs pulse, 5.0 mm in diameter, with a beam energy density of 0.51 J/m³. What is the amplitude of the electric field of the emitted waves? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 340 kV/m
B) 480 kV/m
C) 240 kV/m
D) 150 kV/m
E) 120 kV/m

Question 30

Field intensity: A microwave oven operates with sinusoidal microwaves at a frequency of 2400 MHz. The height of the oven cavity is 25 cm and the base measures 30 cm by 30 cm. Assume that microwave energy is generated uniformly on the upper surface of the cavity and propagates directly downward toward the base. The base is lined with a material that completely absorbs microwave energy. The total microwave energy content of the cavity is 0.50 µJ. What is the amplitude of the electric field? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 1600 V/m
B) 1900 V/m
C) 2200 V/m
D) 2500 V/m
E) 2800 V/m

Question 31

Field intensity: A microwave oven operates with sinusoidal microwaves at a frequency of 2400 MHz. The height of the oven cavity is 25 cm and the base measures 30 cm by 30 cm. Assume that microwave energy is generated uniformly on the upper surface of the cavity and propagates directly downward toward the base. The base is lined with a material that completely absorbs microwave energy. The total microwave energy content of the cavity is 0.50 µJ. What is the intensity of the microwave beam? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 5.2 kW/m²
B) 5.7 kW/m²
C) 6.2 kW/m²
D) 6.7 kW/m²
E) 7.2 kW/m²

Question 32

Field intensity: An electromagnetic wave has a peak electric field of 3.0 kV/m. What is the intensity of the wave? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 24 kW/m²
B) 12 kW/m²
C) 8.0 kW/m²
D) 4.0 kW/m²

Question 33

Field intensity: An 800-kHz radio signal is detected at a point 2.7 km distant from a transmitter tower. The electric field amplitude of the signal at that point is 0.36 V/m. Assume that the signal power is radiated uniformly in all directions and that radio waves incident upon the ground are completely absorbed. What is the intensity of the radio signal at that point? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 170 µW/m²
B) 240 µW/m²
C) 340 µW/m²
D) 120 µW/m²
E) 86 µW/m²

Question 34

Field intensity: A laser with a power of 1.0 mW has a beam radius of 1.0 mm. What is the peak value of the electric field in that beam? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 490 V/m
B) 840 V/m
C) 65 V/m
D) 120 V/m
E) 22 V/m

Question 35

Field intensity: The magnetic field of an electromagnetic wave has a peak value of 5.0 × 10^-10 T. What is the intensity of the wave? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s, c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 1.0 × 10^-13 W/m²
B) 1.5 × 10^-5 W/m²
C) 3.0 × 10^-5 W/m²
D) 2.0 × 10^-13 W/m²
E) 7.5 × 10⁵ W/m²

Question 36

Field intensity: Near the earth the intensity of radiation from the sun is 1.35 kW/m². What volume of space in this region contains 1.0 J of electromagnetic energy? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 4.5 × 10^-6 m³
B) 3300 m³
C) 7.4 × 10^-4 m³
D) 1400 m³
E) 220,000 m³

Question 37

Field intensity: If the intensity of an electromagnetic wave is 80 MW/m², what is the amplitude of the magnetic field of this wave? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 0.82 mT
B) 0.33 µT
C) 10 T
D) 14 T
E) 0.58 mT

Question 38

Field intensity: A sinusoidal electromagnetic wave in vacuum delivers energy at an average rate of 5.00 µW/m². What are the amplitudes of the electric and magnetic fields of this wave? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

Question 39

Field intensity: If a beam of electromagnetic radiation has an intensity of 120 W/m², what is the maximum value of the electric field? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 1.5 kV/m
B) 1.0 µT
C) 1.0 µV/m
D) 0.30 kV/m
E) 0.0032 V/m

Question 40

Field intensity: An 800-kHz radio signal is detected at a point 8.5 km distant from a transmitter tower. The electric field amplitude of the signal at that point is 0.90 V/m. Assume that the signal power is radiated uniformly in all directions and that radio waves incident upon the ground are completely absorbed. What is the average electromagnetic energy density at that point? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 3.6 pJ/m³
B) 5.1 pJ/m³
C) 7.2 pJ/m³
D) 10 pJ/m³
E) 14 pJ/m³

Question 41

Radiation pressure: A 22.0-kg mirror with a surface area of 1.0 m² and a reflectivity is bombarded by light of average intensity at an angle of to the normal of its surface. If the light has a duration of how much does the velocity of the mirror change during that time? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 120 nm/s
B) 4.2 nm/s
C) 3.6 nm/s
D) 2.1 nm/s

Question 42

Radiation pressure: The total electromagnetic power emitted by the sun is 3.8 × 10²⁶ W. What is the radiation pressure on a totally absorbing satellite at the orbit of Mercury, which has an orbital radius of 5.8 × 10¹⁰ m? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 30 µPa
B) 0.30 µPa
C) 0.030 µPa
D) 300 µPa
E) 3.0 µPa

Question 43

Radiation pressure: A radiometer has two square vanes (1.0 cm by 1.0 cm), attached to a light horizontal cross arm, and pivoted about a vertical axis through the center, as shown in the figure. The center of each vane is 6.0 cm from the axis. One vane is silvered and it reflects all radiant energy incident upon it. The other vane is blackened and it absorbs all incident radiant energy. An electromagnetic wave with an intensity of 0.30 kW/m² is incident normally upon the vanes. What is the torque due to radiation pressure on the vane assembly about the vertical axis? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 2.4 × 10^-12 N ∙ m
B) 6.0 × 10^-12 N ∙ m
C) 1.2 × 10^-11 N ∙ m
D) 1.8 × 10^-11 N ∙ m
E) 2.4 × 10^-11 N ∙ m

Question 44

Polarization: Unpolarized light passes through three polarizing filters. The first one is oriented with a horizontal transmission axis, the second filter has its transmission axis 25.7° from the horizontal, and the third one has a vertical transmission axis. What percent of the light gets through this combination of filters?

A) 7.6%
B) 92.4%
C) 50.0%
D) 0.00%

Question 45

Polarization: Polarized light passes through a polarizer. If the electric vector of the polarized light is horizontal what, in terms of the initial intensity I₀, is the intensity of the light that passes through a polarizer if the polarizer is tilted 22.5° from the horizontal?

A) 0.854I₀
B) 0.147I₀
C) 0.191I₀
D) 0.011I₀

Question 46

Radiation pressure: A microwave oven operates with sinusoidal microwaves at a frequency of 2400 MHz. The height of the oven cavity is 25 cm and the base measures 30 cm by 30 cm. Assume that microwave energy is generated uniformly on the upper surface of the cavity and propagates directly downward toward the base. The base is lined with a material that completely absorbs microwave energy. The total microwave energy content of the cavity is 0.50 µJ. What magnitude force does the microwave beam exert on the base of the oven? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 1.6 µN
B) 2.0 µN
C) 2.5 µN
D) 3.0 µN
E) 3.5 µN

Question 47

Polarization: Unpolarized light is incident upon two polarization filters that do not have their transmission axes aligned. If of the light passes through this combination of filters, what is the angle between the transmission axes of the filters?

A) 53°
B) 73°
C) 85°
D) 80°

Question 48

Radiation pressure: A radiometer has two square vanes (1.0 cm by 1.0 cm), attached to a light horizontal cross arm, and pivoted about a vertical axis through the center, as shown in the figure. The center of each vane is 6.0 cm from the axis. One vane is silvered and it reflects all radiant energy incident upon it. The other vane is blackened and it absorbs all incident radiant energy. An electromagnetic wave with an intensity of 0.30 kW/m² is incident normally upon the vanes. What is the radiation pressure on the blackened vane? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)

A) 1.0 × 10^-10 Pa
B) 1.0 × 10^-9 Pa
C) 1.0 × 10^-8 Pa
D) 1.0 × 10^-7 Pa
E) 1.0 × 10^-6 Pa

Question 49

Polarization: Light of intensity I₀ and polarized horizontally passes through three polarizes. The first and third polarizing axes are horizontal, but the second one is oriented 20.0° to the horizontal. In terms of I₀, what is the intensity of the light that passes through the set of polarizers?

A) 0.780I₀
B) 0.180I₀
C) 0.442I₀
D) 0.883I₀

Question 50

Radiation pressure: A totally absorbing surface having an area of 7.7 cm² faces a small source of sinusoidal electromagnetic radiation that is 2.4 m away. At the surface, the electric field amplitude of the radiation is 84 V/m. (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)
(a) What is the radiation pressure exerted on the surface?
(b) What is the total power output of the source, if it is assumed to radiate uniformly in all directions?

Question 51

Radiation pressure: A laser beam has a wavelength of 633 nm and a power of 0.500 mW spread uniformly over a circle 1.20 mm in diameter. This beam falls perpendicularly on a perfectly reflecting piece of paper having twice the diameter of the laser beam and a mass of 1.50 mg. (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T ∙ m/A, ε₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N ∙ m²)
(a) What are the amplitudes of the electric and magnetic fields in this laser beam?
(b) What acceleration does the laser beam give to the paper?