Deck 6: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders and Dissociative Disorders

Question 1

According to current research, what type of therapy holds the most promise in the treatment of conversion disorders?

A)hypnosis
B)Prozac
C)traditional psychotherapy
D)cognitive behavioural therapy

Answer 1

cognitive behavioural therapy

Question 2

What is the obsession in tic-related obsessive-compulsive disorder almost always related to?

A)self-harm
B)cleaning
C)symmetry
D)unacceptable behaviour

Answer 2

symmetry

Question 3

According to one model of the etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), what is necessary for an individual to develop OCD?

A)both psychological vulnerability and social vulnerability
B)both biological vulnerability and social vulnerability
C)the presence of OCD in other family members
D)both biological vulnerability and psychological vulnerability

Answer 3

both biological vulnerability and psychological vulnerability

Question 4

What is consistent with obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder?

A)engagement in ritualistic behaviour
B)neutralization of thoughts
C)anxiety about the possibility of having additional intrusive thoughts
D)early experiences leading to development of the disorder

Question 5

How did Freud explain conversion disorder?

A)He argued that people with the disorder had converted unconscious conflicts into defence mechanisms expressed as physical symptoms.
B)He argued that people with the disorder experienced real physical illness as a result of internal conflict.
C)He argued that people with the disorder experienced physical symptoms as a result of the superego.
D)He argued that people with the disorder converted unconscious conflicts into physical symptoms.

Question 6

What is the common aspect among all somatic symptom and related disorders?

A)a pathological belief that one's appearance is ugly
B)a pathological concern with appearance or functioning of the body
C)a pathological concern with the meaning of a physical pain
D)a pathological belief that a serious medical condition will cause death

Question 7

Andrew tells Paul that he has been diagnosed with globus hystericus? What symptom did Andrew most likely complain about to his doctor?

A)blurred vision
B)the sensation of a lump in his throat
C)unexplained lumps all over the body
D)generalized numbness

Question 8

Susan has a sick daughter who has been in and out of hospital four times in the last six months, but no cause for her illnesses can be found.At first, the doctors suspect that Susan may have Munchausen syndrome by proxy; however, Susan exhibits a behaviour that contradicts that diagnosis.What is that behaviour?

A)appearing extremely concerned and caring toward the child
B)purposefully making the child sick
C)helping medical staff to discover the true nature of the child's illness
D)developing a positive relationship with medical staff

Question 9

What do we call actions, or sometimes thoughts, that an individual with obsessive-compulsive disorder uses to reduce anxiety?

A)perseverative movements
B)conditioned responses
C)compulsions
D)obsessions

Question 10

In obsessive-compulsive disorder, certain types of obsessions lead to certain types of compulsions.Which of the following matches an obsession and its consequent rituals?

A)symmetry: hoarding
B)sexual obsessions: checking
C)contamination: checking
D)aggression obsessions: hoarding

Question 11

Which term refers to the compulsions that people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) perform because they believe they will help their obsession, when in reality the behaviours have no effect?

A)imagined
B)superstitious
C)magical
D)placebo

Question 12

Tony has thoughts about hating his younger brother and wishing he would die.He becomes anxious about these thoughts because he now thinks if anything really happened to his brother, it would be his fault.For no explainable reason, Tony starts mentally counting by odd numbers each time he walks past his brother's room and discovers that this activity makes him less anxious.How would you describe Tony's behaviour?

A)Tony is attempting to stop himself from actually hurting his brother.
B)Tony has a mental compulsion developed to neutralize his bad thoughts.
C)Tony has a phobia of going into his brother's room because he is afraid his hatred will actually hurt him.
D)Tony has a compulsive ritual designed to make him like his brother more.

Question 13

Karen has come in for treatment for hoarding.Based on the average age that individuals typically seek treatment, how old would Karen likely be?

A)15-20 years old
B)25-30 years old
C)30-40 years old
D)over 50 years old

Question 14

Doctors suspect that Allen has conversion disorder.What symptoms is Allen most likely displaying?

A)problems with his sensory-motor systems
B)problems with his cognitive functioning
C)problems with his digestive system
D)problems regulating emotions under stress

Question 15

Regarding the obsessions seen in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, what does the term "need for symmetry" refer to?

A)the need to put everything on one's right and nothing on the left
B)the need to keep things in perfect order
C)the need to do something a number of different ways
D)the need to touch some things before others

Question 16

When do conversion disorder symptoms generally appear?

A)following a misinterpretation of physical symptoms
B)following a period of depression.
C)following a traumatic event
D)following a serious illness

Question 17

Dr.Banks has chosen a treatment for Amy's illness anxiety disorder based on its proven effectiveness.Which treatment did Dr.Banks most likely select?

A)operant conditioning
B)cognitive-behavioural therapy
C)emotional restructuring
D)psychosurgery

Question 18

If Jane has illness anxiety disorder, how frequently can we expect her to see her physician and how will she feel as a result of these visits?

A)She will rarely see her physician, but she will continue to believe that she is quite ill.
B)She will often see her physician, but she will continue to be anxious about her health anyway.
C)She will almost never see her physician because she does not trust physicians.
D)She will often see her physician, and she will feel completely reassured that there is nothing wrong with her health.

Question 19

Before the DSM-5, trichotillomania and excoriation disorder were classified under which of the following?

A)somatic symptom disorder
B)impulse-control disorders
C)body dysmorphic disorder
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 20

Which treatment teaches the person with obsessive-compulsive disorder that no harm will result if they do not perform the ritual?

A)hypnosis
B)exposure therapy
C)drug therapy
D)psychoanalytic therapy

Question 21

Which of the following is a central feature of illness anxiety disorder?

A)the interpretation of harmful stimuli as nonthreatening
B)the interpretation of almost any physical sensation or symptom as threatening
C)a distrust of medical personnel
D)more acute physical sensations than someone without hypochondriasis

Question 22

What is the important factor in diagnosing somatic symptom disorder?

A)the medical cause of the pain
B)the help-seeking behaviours they engage in
C)psychological or behavioural factors are compounding the severity and impairment of the physical symptoms
D)the level of suffering the individual is experiencing

Question 23

What is one of the main concerns about the patients with body dysmorphic disorder who seek plastic surgery?

A)They often are not satisfied with the results and return for additional surgery.
B)There is a high risk of mortality with these procedures.
C)There is a large amount of money made by the surgeons on these procedures.
D)These procedures increase negative evaluations by others.

Question 24

Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with the problem of hoarding?

A)excessive acquisition of things
B)difficulty discarding anything
C)living with excessive clutter
D)loss of personal hygiene

Question 25

What does the term "thought-action fusion" mean when used to describe the obsessional thinking pattern of persons with obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A)using rituals to suppress or eliminate unacceptable or persistent thoughts
B)being unable to put one's thoughts into action without severe anxiety
C)equating thoughts with the specific activity represented by the thoughts
D)behaving compulsively even when no obsession has been identified

Question 26

Jen has body dysmorphic disorder.How many areas of her body are likely a concern to her?

A)1 to 2 areas
B)2 to 3 areas
C)3 to 4 areas
D)5 to 7 areas

Question 27

Professor Jones is giving a lecture to her college class about body dysmorphic disorder.She asks the class how many students would report at least some dissatisfaction with their bodies.Based on previous research, how many students will likely respond yes to the question?

A)20 percent
B)50 percent
C)70 percent
D)90 percent

Question 28

Illness anxiety disorder is essentially an emotional disturbance.What triggers it?

A)dysfunctional family interactions
B)misinterpretation of mostly normal physical sensations
C)physical pathology
D)misinterpretations of severe or unusual physical sensations

Question 29

Sam has somatic symptom disorder, while Dylan has illness anxiety disorder.What will be the main difference in the presentation of symptoms between these two individuals?

A)Sam will have severe physical symptoms, while Dylan will only have mild symptoms, if any.
B)Sam and Dylan will have similar physical symptoms, but Dylan will have higher anxiety.
C)Sam is concerned with the idea of being sick, while Dylan is concerned with the symptoms he is experiencing.
D)Sam will seek reassurance for his symptoms more often than Dylan will.

Question 30

Joe just ate six chili dogs and drank a litre of soda.If Joe had illness anxiety disorder, how would he most likely interpret any resulting stomach discomfort?

A)as yet another sign of numerous vague, chronic "infections" that have plagued him for years, which no one seems to be able to properly diagnose
B)as a sign that something is probably seriously wrong with his stomach, and he would calmly phone in "sick" to work
C)as a sign that something is seriously wrong with his stomach and, feeling very anxious, he would immediately call his doctor
D)as a sign that someone is trying to poison him

Question 31

Mr.Jones suffers from a severe case of obsessive-compulsive disorder.His symptoms have not responded to either medication or psychological therapies.As a last resort, his therapist suggests the possibility of a psychosurgical procedure.What is this procedure called?

A)cingulotomy
B)lobotomy
C)limbicotomy
D)temporal lesioning

Question 32

Mark injured his back at work several years ago.Although he was treated and considered healed by his physicians, he still complains of severe and debilitating back pain.Other than some minor scar tissue, his doctors cannot find anything that could be causing more than some minor stiffness.What is Mark's most likely diagnosis?

A)somatic symptom disorder
B)illness anxiety disorder
C)conversion disorder
D)factitious disorder

Question 33

Which statement best provides evidence for the influence of social and cultural factors in conversion disorder?

A)Conversion disorder tends to occur in lower socioeconomic groups where there is less medical knowledge.
B)Conversion disorder is being diagnosed more frequently in our society.
C)Conversion disorder is almost exclusively experienced by women.
D)Conversion disorder tends to occur more frequently in wealthy populations who have easy access to sophisticated medical tests.

Question 34

Compulsions can be behavioural in nature.What else could they be?

A)mental
B)emotional
C)positive
D)unconscious

Question 35

Which disorder is most important to eliminate when diagnosing an individual with psychological factors affecting medical condition?

A)somatic symptom disorder
B)illness anxiety disorder
C)adjustment disorder
D)conversion disorder

Question 36

Drugs that inhibit the reuptake of serotonin have been found to be moderately effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Which statement illustrates one problem with using pharmacological treatments?

A)Relapse frequently occurs when the drug is discontinued.
B)The drugs have extreme side effects.
C)Many patients develop a physical dependency on the drugs.
D)There is a very high rate of noncompliance (not taking the drug) among patients with OCD.

Question 37

Which of the following would be typical for a patient suffering from a conversion disorder?

A)the ability to identify everything in the visual field even though the patient reports that she is blind
B)great concern with the loss of function and belief that it is a symptom of a potentially fatal disease
C)the ability to avoid walking into things even though he reports being unable to see anything
D)the ability to see some bright objects when calm, but suffering complete loss of sight during a stressful period or emergency

Question 38

In treating body dysmorphic disorder, which neurotransmitter should be targeted for the most effective treatment?

A)norepinephrine
B)dopamine
C)GABA
D)serotonin

Question 39

Which term often refers to body dysmorphic disorder?

A)trichotillomania
B)checking disorder
C)aesthetic preoccupation
D)imagined ugliness

Question 40

Why might someone develop a factitious disorder?

A)to have a doctor believe them about the seriousness of the symptoms
B)to receive increased attention
C)an unawareness of producing the symptoms
D)to try to avoid punishment for lying

Question 41

When Sarah gets anxious, she compulsively picks at her skin.She now must seek medical attention for the tissue damage her picking has caused.Sarah's doctor will most likely diagnose her with which of the following?

A)somatic symptom disorder
B)trichotillomania
C)body dysmorphic disorder
D)excoriation disorder

Question 42

Brian, who has obsessive-compulsive disorder, holds fundamentalist religious beliefs.Which concern is Brian most likely to present with?

A)nonequivalence of obsessive thoughts and compulsive actions
B)an attitude of inflated responsibility
C)both checking and hoarding rituals
D)a reduced sense of responsibility for his actions

Question 43

Donna has twelve cats (and would happily accept more), but her cats live in unsanitary conditions and some are not very healthy.Donna often attributes human characteristics to her cats and has dysfunctional relationships with people.Based on her poor mental health, along with the symptoms mentioned, what would Donna's diagnosis most likely be?

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)trichotillomania
C)hoarding disorder
D)excoriation disorder

Question 44

Why is it difficult to describe effective treatments for conversion disorder?

A)Extensive research has found drugs work for some patients while cognitive-behavioural therapy works for others.
B)Extensive research has found that there are no effective treatments for the disorder.
C)Research in the 1970s suggested drug treatments worked; however, recent research suggests that drug treatments do not work.
D)There have been very few systematic, controlled studies evaluating treatment.

Question 45

Mark has intense anxiety about his health.He focuses on slight changes in his heartbeat and greatly exaggerates minor aches and pains.He frequently visits multiple doctors because he resents doctors telling him that nothing is physically wrong with him.What condition does Mark appear to have?

A)somatic symptom disorder
B)conversion disorder
C)illness anxiety disorder
D)Munchausen syndrome

Question 46

A man who has obsessive-compulsive disorder was compelled to take very small steps as he walked and to look back repeatedly.What was he trying to do?

A)reduce the possibility of contamination
B)ward off an imagined disaster
C)make sure he didn't make a mistake
D)restore a sense of safety and control

Question 47

Some people with obsessive-compulsive disorder attempt to neutralize or suppress disturbing, intrusive thoughts.How successful do these strategies tend to be?

A)These strategies usually cause other kinds of obsessive thinking to occur.
B)These strategies are usually effective in permanently reducing the obsessive thoughts.
C)These strategies usually increase the frequency of the obsessive thoughts.
D)These strategies usually have no effect on the obsessive thoughts.

Question 48

What is the meaning of the word soma?

A)fantasy
B)demonic
C)illness
D)body

Question 49

In which behavioural treatment are patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder NOT permitted to carry out their compulsions while in the presence of the anxiety-producing stimulus or situation?

A)behavioural inhibition conditioning
B)anxiety-reduction therapy
C)exposure and ritual prevention
D)thought-stopping technique

Question 50

When would Paul be most likely to be diagnosed with a somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain?

A)if he is convinced that he has a serious illness because of the mild pain he is experiencing
B)if he has physical reasons for pain but psychological factors play a major role as well
C)if he has physical reasons for pain, but knowingly exaggerates the pain to gain sympathy, attention, or some other benefit
D)if he has an unrealistic fear of experiencing pain or discomfort

Question 51

You hear two colleagues talking, and one of them states that a friend has just been diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder.What is your colleague's friend's gender and status most likely to be?

A)The friend is likely to be an unmarried woman.
B)The friend is likely to be a wealthy man.
C)The friend is likely to be a wealthy woman.
D)The friend is just as likely to be a man or women, but unmarried.

Question 52

Ordinary people have occasional intrusive thoughts with bizarre, sexual, or aggressive content, but they would not be considered to have obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).What is required for someone to be diagnosed with OCD?

A)The person must find the thoughts unacceptable or even dangerous and experience panic symptoms at the thought of carrying them out.
B)The person must find the thoughts unacceptable or even dangerous and try to resist or eliminate them.
C)The person must find the thoughts unacceptable or even dangerous and develop insomnia and nightmares.
D)The person must find the thoughts unacceptable or even dangerous and seek help to eliminate them.

Question 53

Which cognitive change seems to occur by preventing rituals and teaching the person with obsessive-compulsive disorder that no harm will result if they do not perform the ritual?

A)inflated sense of responsibility
B)emotional level decreases
C)overestimation of threat
D)need for perfectionism

Question 54

Which of the following characterizes factitious disorder by proxy?

A)deliberate actions directed toward making a child sick
B)a parent developing the same symptoms that the child has
C)a parent intentionally lying to a doctor (e.g., saying that the child has had symptoms that never really existed)
D)convincing a child to lie to a doctor about symptoms

Question 55

Children presenting with obsessive-compulsive disorder and tics, referred to as Pandas, suggest that these problems occurred after a bout of?

A)influenza
B)high fevers for longer than a week
C)strep throat
D)chicken pox

Question 56

Gisele has somatic symptom disorder.Which statement most likely describes Gisele?

A)She has schizophrenia.
B)She has illness anxiety disorder.
C)She is married.
D)She is from a low socioeconomic group.

Question 57

Anne feels as though she has a lump in her throat, but the doctors can find no obstructions.What diagnosis is a psychiatrist most likely to give Anne?

A)la belle indifférence
B)globus hystericus
C)echerichia coli
D)malingering

Question 58

When treating patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, how effective is combining exposure and ritual prevention (ERP) with medication?

A)Combining the two is better than ERP alone.
B)Combining the two causes patients to discontinue treatment.
C)Combining the two is better than drug treatment alone.
D)Combining the two does not produce any additional therapeutic advantage.

Question 59

The neurosurgical procedure called a cingulotomy is sometimes used to relieve severe symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Why would a cingulotomy usually be considered only after drugs and psychological treatments had failed?

A)Only about 30 percent of patients who undergo this procedure benefit substantially.
B)There is a high risk of mortality associated with this procedure.
C)Neuroscientists still aren't sure whether the cingulate bundle is involved in OCD.
D)There are ethical concerns over the use of neurosurgery.

Question 60

What does research suggest about the etiology of body dysmorphic disorder?

A)There is a strong genetic component, as it often runs in families.
B)The etiology seems to be similar to obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)There are strong psychological vulnerabilities.
D)It is caused by unconscious conflict.

Question 61

A person who is blind but has no underlying cause for their blindness may be suffering from which of the following?

A)conversion disorder
B)illness anxiety disorder
C)illness anxiety disorder.
D)malingering

Question 62

Fred has been having seizures, but tests show no known cause.What is the most likely diagnosis for Fred?

A)conversion disorder
B)malingering
C)illness anxiety disorder.
D)illness anxiety disorder

Question 63

Which approach has shown the most evidence for success in treating trichotillomania and excoriation disorder?

A)exposure and ritual prevention (ERP)
B)cognitive-behavioural therapy
C)habit reversal training
D)SSRIs

Question 64

A woman was obsessed with the idea that if she did not eat in a consistent calculated way, some disaster would befall her family.What is the symptom subtype of this aspect of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A)checking thinking
B)forbidden thinking
C)contamination thinking
D)symmetrical thinking

Question 65

Who is most likely to develop conversion disorder?

A)Alison, a 16-year-old female
B)John, a 25-year-old male
C)David, a 50-year-old male
D)Sue, a 60-year-old female

Question 66

Which of the following is referred to as functional neurological symptom disorder?

A)psychological factors affecting medical condition
B)conversion disorder
C)somatic symptom disorder
D)hysterical disorder

Question 67

In which country have researchers found obsessive-compulsive behaviours to be most often related to religious rituals?

A)Saudi Arabia
B)Ireland
C)Russia
D)Somalia

Question 68

Susan's doctor accused her of malingering.What is he suggesting she is doing?

A)exaggerating
B)being extremely emotional
C)faking
D)becoming fixated on a symptom

Question 69

When treating patients with body dysmorphic disorder, how effective is combining CBT with medication?

A)Combining the two is better than CBT alone.
B)Combining the two causes patients to discontinue treatment.
C)Combining the two is better than drug treatment alone.
D)Combining the two does not produce any additional therapeutic advantage.

Question 70

Henry has illness anxiety disorder.What are his symptoms?

A)When he is truly ill, he represses the knowledge.
B)When interprets normal bodily sensations as a sign of a serious illness.
C)Real physical illness is exaggerated to the point where Henry can only focus on the pain.
D)Henry has an unrealistic fear of infection and disease.

Question 71

A young child has thoughts about hating her younger brother and wishing he would die.She becomes very anxious about these thoughts because she has developed the idea that if anything really happened to him, it would be her fault.Which pattern of thinking is she exhibiting?

A)fundamental responsibility
B)intentional thought
C)neutralizing
D)thought-action fusion

Question 72

Which major type of obsession is the most common?

A)forbidden thoughts or actions
B)cleaning and contamination
C)symmetry
D)hoarding

Question 73

What is another name for somatic symptom disorder?

A)Briquet's syndrome
B)Munchausen syndrome by proxy
C)imagined ugliness
D)koro

Question 74

What research evidence contradicted Freud's explanation of the cause of conversion disorder?

A)Conversion disorder patients display la belle indifférence.
B)There is great variability in the amount of concern that conversion disorder patients display regarding their symptoms.
C)La belle indifférence is a myth, and few patients show it.
D)Conversion disorder patients actually are quite concerned with their symptoms.

Question 75

While patients with panic disorder and patients with illness anxiety disorder both tend to misinterpret bodily sensations, how do the two kinds of patients differ?

A)Those with panic disorder have imagined physical sensations, while those with illness anxiety disorder experience real physical sensations.
B)Those with panic disorder tend to fear immediate catastrophe, while those with illness anxiety disorder tend to fear long-term illness.
C)Those with panic disorder tend to ignore the symptoms of their first attacks, while those with illness anxiety disorder tend to seek immediate medical treatment following the first indication of pain.
D)Those with panic disorder have real physical sensations, while those with illness anxiety disorder experience sensations that are "all in their minds."

Question 76

Regarding pharmacological treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder, the most effective drugs are those that inhibit the reuptake of which neurotransmitter?

A)dopamine
B)epinephrine
C)serotonin
D)noradrenaline

Question 77

Vince has been under a lot of stress.One morning he awakens to find he is totally blind.At his physician's office, Vince says he is upset by the loss of his eyesight, but he appears to be totally calm.Which of the following can best explain Vince's lack of emotional reaction?

A)malingering
B)la belle indifférence
C)emotional compensation
D)Munchausen syndrome

Question 78

Mark has a preoccupation with his hair.Although his hair has not changed at all, he is convinced that he has begun going bald.He checks his hair frequently throughout the day and always insists on wearing a hat at all times.Both his career and his social life have been affected by his insisting on wearing a hat and avoid direct sunlight and wind.What disorder does Mark most likely have?

A)agoraphobia
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)body dysmorphic disorder
D)somatic symptom disorder

Question 79

Which symptom often accompanies obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A)panic attacks
B)delusions
C)specific phobia
D)social anxiety disorder

Question 80

For months, Greg has been plagued by worries as he drives to work.He thinks he forgot to lock the door, close the windows, or turn off the stove.Often, he returns home and double-checks the house before he can rid himself of these worries.Which term best describes Greg's worries?

A)obsessive
B)impulsive
C)compulsive
D)magical