Deck 10: Predicting Data

Question 1

The sample mean would be the same as the ________ if you "sampled" every single item in the population.

A) standard deviation
B) population mean
C) statistical significance
D) standard error

Answer 1

population mean

Question 2

With a large enough sample, usually _____ or greater, the means will be normally distributed even if the scores themselves are not.

A) 120
B) 90
C) 60
D) 30

Answer 2

30

Question 3

Normal curves are also called what?

A) Simple curve
B) Compound curves
C) Reverse curves
D) Bell curves

Answer 3

Bell curves

Question 4

For a normal curve, one standard deviation from the mean comprises what percentage of the observations?

A) 42%
B) 68%
C) 75%
D) 95%

Question 5

The ________ your sample size, the _______ your standard error.

A) smaller; smaller
B) smaller; larger
C) larger; smaller
D) larger; larger

Question 6

What is used to measure how different the scores are in the population?

A) Probability
B) Standard deviation
C) Standard error
D) Inferences

Question 7

Statistical __________ is a measure of how likely that the results were simply by chance as opposed to being a statistical association.

A) probability
B) inference
C) significance
D) assumption

Question 8

Which type of statistics helps us organize and describe data collected from a specified population?

A) Inferential
B) Descriptive
C) Categorical
D) Numerical

Question 9

What allows you to use sampling to make your predictions instead of examining each and every member of a population?

A) Standard deviation
B) Central limit theorem
C) Statistical significance
D) Standard error

Question 10

The likelihood that an event will happen is referred to as what?

A) Probability
B) Inference
C) Significance
D) Assumption

Question 11

Which type of statistics allows us to make predictions from sample data?

A) Inferential
B) Descriptive
C) Categorical
D) Numerical

Question 12

Which type of statistics allows us to make generalizations about a population from a sample?

A) Inferential
B) Descriptive
C) Categorical
D) Numerical

Question 13

For a normal curve, two standard deviations from the mean comprises what percentage of the observations?

A) 48%
B) 72%
C) 95%
D) 99%

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT an example of an inferential statistics question?

A) Is the length of stay longer for an open or laparoscopic type of surgery?
B) Is productivity the same for both remote and in-house coders?
C) Which shift has the greatest number of medical errors?
D) What is the average salary for pediatricians working in New York in 2014?

Question 15

If the standard error of those means is _________, then the sample means are very different from each other.

A) large
B) small
C) normal
D) abnormal

Question 16

For a normal curve, three standard deviations from the mean comprises what percentage of the observations?

A) 48%
B) 72%
C) 95%
D) 99%

Question 17

Choosing a significance level too high or low can lead to:

A) type I errors.
B) type II errors.
C) type I and type II errors.
D) type I or type II errors

Question 18

What is used to measure the difference between the means of samples of the population?

A) Probability
B) Standard deviation
C) Standard error
D) Inferences

Question 19

Which type of statistics contains a varying degree of uncertainty about predictions?

A) Inferential
B) Descriptive
C) Categorical
D) Numerical

Question 20

The greatest number of responses for a normal curve are gathered around the _________.

A) median
B) mean
C) mode
D) origin

Question 21

It is important that the _______ selected from the population retains the essential characteristics of the population.

A) independent variable
B) dependent variable
C) sample
D) population

Question 22

Which type of general sampling does not seek to avoid bias and selects groups nonrandomly?

A) Stratified random samples
B) Non probability samples
C) Probability samples
D) Cluster samples

Question 23

Which type of sampling relies entirely on the common sense of the researcher doing the study?

A) Convenience sampling
B) Judgment sampling
C) Quota sampling
D) Snowball sampling

Question 24

Which type of probability sampling allows the choice of patient to be the nth number of a population?

A) Cluster samples
B) Non probability samples
C) Systemic random samples
D) Stratified random samples

Question 25

Which type of general sampling uses a variety of methods to avoid bias by choosing a random selection of patients for their study?

A) Convenience samples
B) Nonprobability samples
C) Probability samples
D) Snowball samples

Question 26

Which type of probability sampling divides the population into groups of similar patients, and studies a set number of members within each group?

A) Cluster samples
B) Simple random samples
C) Systemic random samples
D) Stratified random samples

Question 27

Which type of bias is the result of nonrandom sampling and causes some members of the population to have a lesser chance of being chosen for the sample than others?

A) Sampling
B) Selection
C) Information
D) Compliance

Question 28

If a data analyst is asked to examine the relationship between the incidence of pressure ulcers and length of stay; the _________ would have to include all patients who had ever had a pressure ulcer.

A) independent variable
B) dependent variable
C) sample
D) population

Question 29

Which type of probability sampling divides a population into groups, then randomly selects a number of those groups to study?

A) Cluster samples
B) Simple random samples
C) Systemic random samples
D) Stratified random samples

Question 30

Which type of probability sampling uses a method where each member of the population has the same chance of being selected as any other member?

A) Cluster samples
B) Simple random samples
C) Nonprobability samples
D) Convenience samples

Question 31

Which type of sampling is used to easily and inexpensively approximate results without the time and expense of a probability sample?

A) Convenience sampling
B) Judgment sampling
C) Quota sampling
D) Snowball sampling

Question 32

If you were studying a rare disease, such as Progeria, and asked a patient with that condition to put you in touch with other patients who had the disease, this would be an example of which type of sampling?

A) Quota sampling
B) Snowball sampling
C) Cluster samples
D) Simple random samples

Question 33

Which of the following is a type of probability sampling?

A) Convenience
B) Judgment
C) Quota
D) Cluster

Question 34

The percentage of the population that will yield an answer within a stated range is referred to as what?

A) Confidence interval
B) Confidence level
C) Probability
D) Normal

Question 35

Which type of sampling is used when the subject under study is difficult to find?

A) Convenience sampling
B) Judgment sampling
C) Quota sampling
D) Snowball sampling

Question 36

A distortion of the true nature of the population is referred to as what?

A) Manipulation
B) Sampling bias
C) Confounder
D) Extraneous variable

Question 37

If you decide to examine every 10th medical record for a particular type of procedure, what type of sampling method are you using?

A) Cluster samples
B) Simple random samples
C) Systemic random samples
D) Stratified random samples

Question 38

Patients are being studied for their satisfaction within a physician practice. The strata divide these patients into groupings by the variables of age, sex, insurance type, and physician. The strata are then used for a random selection of patients to assure an even selection for the variables in question. Which type of sampling is this an example of?

A) Cluster samples
B) Simple random samples
C) Systemic random samples
D) Stratified random samples

Question 39

What type of sample would you be using if you gave surveys to the first 75 patients who arrived for appointments at your orthopedic office?

A) Convenience sampling
B) Judgment sampling
C) Quota sampling
D) Snowball sampling

Question 40

Which type of sampling has similar proportions to the general population?

A) Convenience sampling
B) Judgment sampling
C) Quota sampling
D) Snowball sampling

Question 41

A study found that fewer than 100 patients were very satisfied with their hospital stay after a hip-replacement surgery. This is an example of which type of hypothesis?

A) Primary
B) Probability
C) Null
D) Alternative

Question 42

The plus or minus number that is added to (and subtracted from) the result that you have calculated is referred to as what?

A) Confidence interval
B) Confidence level
C) Probability
D) Normal

Question 43

If you accept the null that it is not raining and it is actually raining, then you have made which type of error?

A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) No error was made

Question 44

If you reject the null that it is not raining when in reality it actually is not raining, then you have committed which type of error?

A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) No error was made

Question 45

The ______ hypothesis states that there is no difference between the variables being studied.

A) primary
B) probability
C) null
D) alternative

Question 46

Probabilities are expressed as numbers or percentages.

Question 47

The alpha level for a study is 0.05 and the p-value after running the data calculations was 0.02. What decision can you make?

A) Fail to reject the null hypothesis
B) Reject the null hypothesis
C) Fail to reject the alternative hypothesis
D) Reject the alternative hypothesis

Question 48

Most confidence levels are set to what percentage?

A) 100%
B) 95%
C) 75%
D) 50%

Question 49

A correlation of _____ would mean that a high score on one variable has an analogous low value on the opposite variable.

A) 1.0
B) (1.0)
C) 0.5
D) 0

Question 50

The statistical method of determining how likely a future event can be or how likely your sample represents the entire population under question is called:

A) Random sampling
B) Probability sampling
C) Hypothesis testing
D) Standard error