Deck 40: Assisting in Pediatrics

Question 1

At what age do children tend to develop a sense of what is right and wrong and a sense of honesty and fairness?

A) 1 to 3 years
B) 3 to 5 years
C) 6 to 10 years
D) 11 to 13 years
E) 14 to 19 years

Answer 1

6 to 10 years

Question 2

Which of the following is not a guideline to help keep infants and toddlers safe?

A) Never leave a child unattended in a car
B) Allow only plush toys in the infant's crib
C) Keep all cords on window blinds and lamps out of reach
D) Use correctly installed gates across stairs
E) Keep emergency phone numbers close to the phone

Answer 2

Allow only plush toys in the infant's crib

Question 3

At what age does a child develop a personal identity?

A) 2 to 3
B) 3 to 5
C) 6 to 10
D) 11 to 13
E) 14 to 19

Answer 3

14 to 19

Question 4

By what age can most toddlers walk independently?

A) 1 month
B) 6 months
C) 1 year
D) 15 months
E) 2 years

Question 5

Which of the following is a genetic disorder that results from one extra chromosome in each cell during the development of the fetus?

A) Down syndrome
B) Cerebral palsy
C) Congenital heart disease
D) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
E) Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

Question 6

Which of the following is the treatment for jaundice in a newborn?

A) Place the infant on a special high-protein diet
B) Inject hormones to stimulate the liver
C) Keep the infant well hydrated with breast milk or formula
D) Administer passive range-of-motion exercises
E) Provide tub baths in tepid water

Question 7

Which of the following statements about well-child examination is true?

A) Infants need two well-baby exams during their first year: one at 6 months and one at 1 year.
B) Children between 2 and 3 years old should have a well-child examination every 3 months.
C) Blood pressure is not checked during well-child examinations until the child is 12 years old.
D) From the age of 3, children should have well-child examinations every year.
E) The child's hearing should be tested when the child is 6 months old.

Question 8

Which of the following is a birth-related disorder that is the most frequent crippling disease in children?

A) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
B) Cerebral palsy
C) Down syndrome
D) Herpes simplex
E) Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

Question 9

In which stage of growth and development is a child's head usually one-fourth the entire body length?

A) Neonate
B) Infant
C) Toddler
D) Preschooler
E) Adolescent

Question 10

For which of the following diseases are toxoids used to produce active immunity?

A) Hepatitis B and rubella
B) Pertussis and poliomyelitis
C) Tetanus and diphtheria
D) Influenza and chickenpox
E) Mumps and measles

Question 11

Which of the following should be included in the emotional preparation of toddlers for a physical examination?

A) Approach the children slowly
B) Perform procedures slowly
C) Avoid giving any explanations of what is going to take place
D) Avoid letting the parent stay with the toddler
E) Give them candy to keep them happy

Question 12

At what ages should toddlers have well-child exams?

A) 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, and 28 months
B) 24 months and 36 months
C) 18, 24, and 36 months
D) 14, 20, and 30 months
E) 15, 18, 24, and 30 months

Question 13

At what age are infants able to sit and creep on their hands and knees?

A) 2 months
B) 3 months
C) 5 months
D) 6 months
E) 9 months

Question 14

At what age does a child become able to share and play with others?

A) 1 to 2 years
B) 2 to 3 years
C) 3 to 5 years
D) 6 to 8 years
E) 9 to 12 years

Question 15

Which of the following actions can you take to help relieve a child's fear in the doctor's office?

A) Ask the parent to firmly restrain the child
B) Explain the procedure using medical terminology
C) Allow the child to examine some of the blunt instruments
D) Ignore the child's crying
E) Talk to the parent instead of the child

Question 16

Which of the following physical changes occur to both males and females during puberty?

A) Hips widen
B) Body hair grows
C) External genitalia grow
D) Shoulders broaden
E) Shape becomes more rounded

Question 17

Which of the following would you not recommend to reduce the risk of SIDS?

A) Do not drink, smoke, or take drugs when pregnant
B) Use a firm crib mattress and keep toys, pillows, and bumper pads out of the crib
C) Put the infant to sleep on his stomach
D) Breast-feed whenever possible
E) Do not let the baby sleep in an adult bed

Question 18

At what age do children need to spend time enjoying friendships, sporting events, and social events?

A) 1 to 3 years
B) 3 to 5 years
C) 6 to 10 years
D) 11 to 13 years
E) 14 to 19 years

Question 19

How many well-baby examinations are needed in an infant's first year?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7
E) 9

Question 20

The purpose of an immunization is to ____.

A) reduce a person's susceptibility to infection
B) prevent a person from getting a common cold
C) reduce the possibility of contracting AIDS
D) treat an ongoing bacterial infection
E) manage congenital diseases

Question 21

Which of the following is not a possible clue that a child may be abused?

A) Tooth discoloration and unhealthy gums
B) Dulled neurologic responses
C) Unexplained bruises or burns
D) Crying during vaccine injection
E) Dirty or neglected appearance

Question 22

The way a child relates to others as he or she grows is ____.

A) psycho-emotional development
B) social development
C) intellectual-cognitive development
D) athletic development
E) physical development

Question 23

Which of the following is a highly contagious disease that is often seen in the winter and spring as outbreaks of pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and tracheobronchitis?

A) Hepatitis B
B) SIDS
C) RSV
D) JRA
E) HIV

Question 24

Ginny is an 8-year-old whose mother brought her to the office because "there must be something wrong with her; she is always complaining that she hurts somewhere." You notice bruises on Ginny's legs, and what appears to be a burn mark on the back of her left hand. Ginny sits quietly on the exam table while you take the history and her vital signs. You suspect that Ginny may be abused. What should you do?

A) Explain to Ginny's mother that children should not be struck
B) Ask Ginny if anyone has been hitting her
C) Ask Ginny's mother if anyone has been abusing her daughter
D) Inform your supervising licensed practitioner
E) Tell Ginny's mother to take her to a school counselor

Question 25

Which of the following conditions is commonly misunderstood, misdiagnosed, and over-diagnosed in children?

A) Cerebral palsy
B) Down syndrome
C) Respiratory syncytial virus
D) Viral gastroenteritis
E) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 26

When is the first dose of the vaccine for hepatitis B given?

A) The day after birth
B) Age 2 years
C) Age 5 years
D) Age 8 years
E) Age 16 years

Question 27

The development of thinking skills as a child grows is ____.

A) psycho-emotional development
B) social development
C) intellectual-cognitive development
D) athletic development
E) physical development

Question 28

Reya is a 2 1/2-year-old whose parents have brought her to the office because she has been cranky and apparently does not feel well. When asked where it hurts, she points to her throat. The physician has asked you to obtain a specimen for a rapid strep test, but Reya refuses to open her mouth. Which of the following is the best way to open Reya's mouth to obtain the specimen?

A) Tickle the child until she opens her mouth to laugh
B) Grasp her lower jaw firmly and pull downward
C) Ask Reya's mother to tell her to open her mouth
D) Squeeze Reya's nostrils shut until she opens her mouth to breathe
E) Inform the physician that you were unable to get the specimen

Question 29

Peter is a 4-year-old child who is in the office for a well-child exam. While you are taking the history, Peter's mother says he has been urinating much more often lately. You also discover that Peter's older sister is diabetic. Which of the following questions would you ask next?

A) "Is Peter having trouble with toilet training?"
B) "Does Peter seem to be excessively thirsty?"
C) "Does Peter have trouble urinating?"
D) "Does Peter have pain when he urinates?"
E) "Has Peter been wetting the bed lately?"

Question 30

Charla is a three-year-old whose mother has brought her to the pediatrician's office because she has had a low-grade fever for three days. The physician has asked you to take all of her vital signs, including blood pressure. Charla is scared; she is whimpering and clinging tightly to her mother. Which of the following actions should you take?

A) Tell Charla there is nothing to be afraid of
B) Ask Charla's mother to tell her not to be afraid
C) Check Charla's temperature first because it is the most important measurement
D) Take Charla's blood pressure before getting her other vital signs
E) Use an oral thermometer to avoid scaring Charla further

Question 31

About how much does a full-term infant usually weigh at birth?

A) 3 to 5 pounds
B) 4 to 6 pounds
C) 5 to 7 pounds
D) 7 to 9 pounds
E) 12 to 14 pounds

Question 32

Which of the following is not a known risk factor for child abuse or neglect?

A) Single parenthood
B) Inadequate knowledge of normal developmental expectations
C) Financial problems
D) Mother older than 18 years
E) Lack of family support

Question 33

Which of the following is a highly contagious dermatologic disease that causes inflammation and pustules that become crusted before healing?

A) Streptococcal sore throat
B) Impetigo
C) Herpes simplex virus
D) Conjunctivitis
E) Respiratory syncytial virus

Question 34

The best site for obtaining a blood specimen from an infant is the ____.

A) brachiocephalic vein
B) jugular vein
C) forehead
D) heel
E) basilic vein

Question 35

Which of the following actions is part of a hearing test for a toddler?

A) Clap your hands loudly directly in front of the ear
B) Instruct the parent to whisper in the toddler's ear and evaluate the response
C) Use a quiet location and have the toddler sit, lie down, or be held by the parent
D) Ask the parent to go into the next room and say the toddler's name; evaluate the result
E) Position yourself directly in front of the toddler to perform the test

Question 36

Which of the following is not a guideline for proper vaccine storage and handling?

A) Store refrigerated vaccines between 35 $\degree$ F and 46 $\degree$ F (2 $\degree$ C and 8 $\degree$ C)
B) Store frozen vaccines between -58 $\degree$ F and +5 $\degree$ F (-50 $\degree$ C and -15 $\degree$ C)
C) Prepare vaccines just prior to administration to the patient
D) Follow infection control guidelines when preparing and administering vaccines
E) Rotate your supply of vaccines so those with the longest expiration date are used first

Question 37

Changes in the feelings a child experiences during a particular period of growth and development are ____.

A) psycho-emotional development
B) social development
C) intellectual-cognitive development
D) athletic development
E) physical development

Question 38

Most childhood cases of HIV infection are ____.

A) transmitted from a mother to her infant
B) caused by blood transfusions during delivery
C) curable using antiviral agents
D) the result of sending the child to a day-care center
E) caused by formula that has not been sterilized

Question 39

Viral gastroenteritis can be serious in young children because ____.

A) it can cause extreme fluid loss, resulting in dehydration
B) the high fever that accompanies it may cause brain damage
C) it permanently weakens the child's immune system
D) antibiotics are not effective against it
E) it lasts for more than two weeks

Question 40

The actual bodily changes that occur as a child grows are known as ____.

A) psycho-emotional development
B) social development
C) intellectual-cognitive development
D) athletic development
E) physical development

Question 41

Public health authorities recommend a(n) ________ schedule for children to be vaccinated against various diseases.

Question 42

Blue lips and fingernails, signs of cyanosis in a newborn, are obvious indications of a(n) _______ defect.

Question 43

A defect of spinal development that results when tissues fail to close properly around the spinal cord during the first trimester of pregnancy is called _______.

Question 44

An eating disorder in which the person develops a habit of binge eating and purging is _______.

Question 45

The _______ of an infant's head is used to evaluate conditions such as hydrocephalus or excessive cerebrospinal fluid in the cranial cavity.

Question 46

Which of the following is not an effective treatment for head lice?

A) 1% permethrin cream rinse
B) Avoidance of sun exposure
C) Removal of eggs with a fine-tooth comb
D) Disinfecting clothing, bedding, and toys
E) Washing combs and brushes in anti-lice shampoo

Question 47

Which of the following can help relieve discomfort due to infectious conjunctivitis?

A) Applying an ice cube to the eye
B) Using a medicated shampoo
C) Applying a topical antifungal medication
D) Applying warm compresses to the eye
E) Using an eye ointment to relieve itching

Question 48

The physiological changes that make a person capable of sexual reproduction are known as ________.

Question 49

The specialty area of medicine that involves the care of children up to the age of 18, or in some cases 21, is _______.

Question 50

A birth-related disorder of the nerves and muscles caused by brain damage that occurs before, during, or shortly after birth or in early childhood is ________.

Question 51

Which of the following statements about suicide is true?

A) Suicide is the leading cause of death for people aged 10 to 18.
B) Males are more likely to attempt suicide than females.
C) Females are more likely to be successful in their first suicide attempt.
D) Changes in habit, including carelessness or sloppiness, are suicide warning signs.
E) Exposure to violence in movies and video games may convince a person to commit suicide.

Question 52

For some diseases, _______ doses of a vaccine may be required when a child is older.

Question 53

Juvenile rheumatoid ________ (JRA) is an autoimmune disease of the joints that occurs in children aged 16 or younger.

Question 54

Before giving a child a vaccine, you must obtain _______ consent from the parent.

Question 55

An eating disorder in which patients basically starve themselves by not eating is _______.

Question 56

Before administering a childhood immunization, be sure to check for _______, or known risks or reasons for not giving the immunization.

Question 57

As part of the general exam, the pediatrician examines the interior of a child's eyes with an instrument called a(n) _______.

Question 58

Which of the following is considered a warning sign for suicide?

A) Frequent physical fighting
B) Increase in risk-taking behavior
C) Anger directed at oneself
D) Gang membership
E) Trouble controlling anger

Question 59

At what age do most SIDS cases occur?

A) Between 1 and 2 months of age
B) Between 2 and 4 months of age
C) Between 6 months and 1 year of age
D) Between 1 and 2 years of age
E) Between 2 and 3 years of age

Question 60

Which of the following is not a warning sign of potential violence?

A) Gang membership
B) Withdrawal from friends and activities
C) Frequent physical fighting
D) Feeling constantly disrespected
E) Decrease in risk-taking behavior

Question 61

The medical term for bed-wetting is ________.

Question 62

For children who have a fever, Tylenol or ibuprofen should be recommended instead of _______, because the latter has been associated with Reye syndrome.

Question 63

Parasites called _______ are transmitted by swallowing worm eggs, by touching something the infected person has touched, or by putting infested sand or dirt into the mouth.

Question 64

The waste product from the normal breakdown of red blood cells that may cause jaundice in neonates is ________.

Question 65

An infant is called a(n) _______ from birth to one month of age.

Question 66

Infants that develop neonatal ________ have skin that is a yellowish color.

Question 67

In children, the _______ virus causes cold sore blisters on or near the mouth.

Question 68

A contagious fungal infection that may involve the scalp, groin, feet, or other areas of the body, causing flat, dry, scaly or moist and crusty lesions, is ________.

Question 69

Pediatricians use ________ to determine how a child's height, weight, and head circumference compare to average rates.

Question 70

A viral infection that can lead to chronic liver infection and can be carried by a child for years before liver failure or liver cancer develops is _______.

Question 71

Complications of _______ include progression to rheumatic fever, with arthritis, nephritis, and inflammation of the endocardium.

Question 72

Physicians often do a(n) _______ to confirm a negative result of a rapid strep test.

Question 73

A cardiovascular malformation in the fetus before birth results in _______ heart disease.

Question 74

The soft spots on an infant's head that are made of tough cartilage are known as ________.

Question 75

Viral _______ is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines that can result in dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.