Deck 33: Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Question 1

The ileum and jejunum are suspended by folds of the peritoneum known as the _____ that contains an extensive vascular and nervous network.

A) Myenteric plexus
B) Mesentery
C) Auerbach fold
D) Meissner plexus

Answer 1

Mesentery

Question 2

Absorption of nutrients from the intestine occurs initially through the:

A) Mesentery
B) Villi
C) Lamina propria
D) Splenic veins

Answer 2

Villi

Question 3

The vermiform appendix is attached to the:

A) Duodenum
B) Ileum
C) Cecum
D) Sigmoid colon

Answer 3

Cecum

Question 4

The nursing student is teaching a class to second graders.The student would correctly identify that food moves down the esophagus via the process termed:

A) Peristalsis
B) Retropulsion
C) Haustral segmentation
D) Defecation

Question 5

The colon receives splanchnic blood flow from which artery(ies)?

A) Celiac
B) Superior and inferior mesenteric
C) Hepatic and portal
D) Omental

Question 6

The ________ sphincter controls the movement of chyme from the sigmoid colon into the rectum?

A) Oddi
B) Ileocecal
C) O'Beirne
D) Internal anal

Question 7

Which reflex inhibits gastric motility when the ileum becomes overdistended?

A) Ileogastric
B) Gastroduodenal
C) Gastroileal
D) Colonointestinal

Question 8

Digested fats are primarily absorbed into the:

A) Lacteals
B) Central arterioles
C) Lamina propria
D) Villus capillaries

Question 9

A new drug is being tested that is known to inhibit parasympathetic nervous system activity.It is expected that the salivary glands will become:

A) Hyperactive
B) Hypoactive
C) Atrophied
D) Enlarged

Question 10

Which sphincter prevents reflux of digested material from the colon into the small intestine?

A) Haustral
B) Lower esophageal
C) Pyloric
D) Ileocecal valve

Question 11

The patient asks how the GI system works.The nurse would identify that autonomic and hormonal control are involved in GI motility and:

A) Defecation
B) Swallowing
C) Mastication
D) Digestive enzyme secretion

Question 12

Mucus production to form the mucosal barrier in the stomach is stimulated by the release of:

A) Somatostatin
B) Gastrin
C) Prostaglandins
D) Histamine

Question 13

The nursing faculty is discussing digestion and indicates it begins in the mouth with salivary -amylase (ptyalin)that initiates the digestion of:

A) Proteins
B) Carbohydrates
C) Fats
D) Amino acids

Question 14

A young male student becomes very hungry during class.He begins thinking of a cheeseburger and fries,his favorite meal.These thoughts will trigger which phase of gastric secretion?

A) Cephalic
B) Caudal
C) Enteral
D) Intestinal

Question 15

For the patient experiencing esophageal reflux,the nurse would expect which sphincter to be malfunctioning?

A) Pyloric
B) Lower esophageal
C) Upper esophageal
D) Gastric

Question 16

Which of the following liver cells are phagocytic?

A) Glisson
B) Kupffer
C) Meissner
D) Lieberkühn
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Question 17

The chemist analyzing a sample of normal saliva would expect it to reveal which immunoglobulin?

A) IgG
B) IgD
C) IgE
D) IgA

Question 18

The capillaries of the liver are more commonly known as hepatic:

A) Canaliculi
B) Ducts
C) Sinusoids
D) Papillae

Question 19

Which cells of the gastric glands secrete hydrochloric acid?

A) Chief
B) Parietal
C) Zymogenic
D) Surface epithelial

Question 20

The _____ reflex initiates propulsion in the entire colon,usually during or immediately after eating.

A) Gastrocolic
B) Ileocolic
C) Duodenocolic
D) Cephalocolic

Question 21

The patient asks the student to explain what the gastrointestinal (GI)tract actually does.The student would be correct in telling the patient the GI tract performs which of the following processes? (Select all that apply.)

A) Absorption of digested food
B) Chemical breakdown of food particles
C) Erythropoiesis
D) Mechanical breakdown of food particles
E) Secretion of mucus

Question 22

Which information indicates the nurse understands digestion? During the cephalic and gastric phases of digestion,gallbladder contraction is mediated by branches of the:

A) Sympathetic nervous system
B) Somatic nervous system
C) Vagus nerve
D) Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 23

The function of the acinar cells of the pancreas is to secrete:

A) Bicarbonate
B) Enzymes
C) Mucus
D) Electrolytes

Question 24

Parasympathetic stimulation to the pancreas will cause which of the following reactions?

A) Hormonal inhibition
B) Enzyme secretion
C) Vasoconstriction
D) Decreased bicarbonate production

Question 25

The exocrine portion of the pancreas contains:

A) Alpha cells
B) Beta cells
C) Ducts
D) Islets of Langerhans

Question 26

In the liver,free bilirubin moves from the plasma in the sinusoids into the hepatocytes,where it is converted into:

A) Unconjugated bilirubin
B) Biliverdin
C) Conjugated bilirubin
D) Urobilinogen

Question 27

Which sphincter,when it relaxes,allows bile to flow into the duodenum?

A) Pyloric sphincter
B) Sphincter of Oddi
C) Ampulla of Vater
D) Ileocecal valve

Question 28

The pancreas produces which substance to prevent the premature activation of proteolytic enzymes in the pancreas?

A) Bicarbonate
B) Carboxypeptidase
C) Secretin
D) Trypsin inhibitor

Question 29

A 70-year-old male reports frequent GI problems.His primary care provider explains that during aging many GI processes decrease,including (select all that apply):

A) Gastric juice secretion
B) Gallbladder function
C) Hepatic regeneration
D) Efficiency of drug metabolism
E) Mucosal barrier protection

Question 30

The primary bile acids are synthesized from _______ by hepatocytes lining the bile canaliculi.

A) Lecithin
B) Fatty acids
C) Cholesterol
D) Testosterone