Deck 17: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Question 1

A 3-year-old has been diagnosed with bacterial meningitis.What should the nurse expect to find on the lab report for the most common cause of this bacterial meningitis?

A) Haemophilus influenzae
B) Neisseria meningitidis
C) Streptococcus pneumonia
D) Escherichia coli

Answer 1

Neisseria meningitidis

Question 2

A child is diagnosed with cerebral palsy, characterized by extreme difficulty in fine motor coordination and purposeful movement.Which of the following types of cerebral palsy is the child experiencing?

A) Ataxic
B) Dystonic
C) Spastic
D) Mixed

Answer 2

Dystonic

Question 3

Which of the following diseases does the nurse screen for in all newborns?

A) Epilepsy
B) Tay-Sachs disease
C) Pica
D) Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 3

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 4

An infant has an anterior midline defect of neural tube closure.What term will the nurse observe written on the chart?

A) Anencephaly
B) Myelodysplasia
C) Cyclopia
D) Hydrocephalus

Question 5

A baby is stillborn after 6 hours of labor.Autopsy reveals hydrocephalus caused by cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle and aqueductal compression.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Congenital hydrocephalus
B) Microcephaly
C) Dandy-Walker deformity
D) Macewen sign

Question 6

What nutrient should the nurse encourage a woman in the early stages of pregnancy to consume to prevent neural tube defects?

A) Protein
B) Iron
C) Vitamin D
D) Folic acid

Question 7

What term is used to describe a premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures during the first 18 months of life?

A) Craniosynostosis
B) Congential hydrocephalus
C) Microcephaly
D) Acrania

Question 8

A nurse is preparing to teach about the most common defects of neural tube closure.Which one should the nurse discuss?

A) Anterior
B) Posterior
C) Lateral
D) Superior

Question 9

Which reflex of infancy will disappear first?

A) Stepping
B) Rooting
C) Palmar grasp
D) Moro reflex

Question 10

An infant is diagnosed with congenital hydrocephalus.Which of the following characteristics would the nurse expect to find?

A) Enlarged ventricles
B) Decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production
C) Increased resorption of CSF
D) Smaller than average head circumference

Question 11

When should the nurse assess for the vomiting and headache that are the classic symptoms of childhood brain tumors?

A) Morning
B) Early afternoon
C) As the sun goes down and darkness begins
D) During the middle of the night

Question 12

During infancy, what is the fastest growing part of the human body?

A) Spinal cord
B) Limb bones
C) Head
D) Vertebral column

Question 13

What is the cause of true (primary)microcephaly?

A) Viral infection
B) An autosomal recessive gene
C) Fetal trauma
D) Hydrocephalus

Question 14

What is the most common type of cerebral palsy?

A) Ataxic
B) Dystonic
C) Spastic
D) Mixed

Question 15

Parents of a 3-month-old bring the infant to the emergency room (ER)after a seizure has caused muscle rigidity.Both parents are of Jewish ancestry.For what genetic disease should this infant be screened?

A) Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
B) Congenital encephalopathy
C) Tay-Sachs disease
D) PKU

Question 16

Which term is used to document a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst through a defect in the posterior arch of a vertebra?

A) Craniosynostosis
B) Meningocele
C) Encephalocele
D) Myelomeningocele

Question 17

It is true that viral meningitis:

A) is always sudden in onset.
B) often occurs with measles, mumps, or herpes.
C) is effectively treated with antibiotics.
D) causes increased sugar in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF).

Question 18

A 10-month-old infant presents for a well-baby visit.Which of the following reflexes should be present at this age?

A) Stepping
B) Sucking
C) Landau
D) Palmar grasp

Question 19

What term is used to document a herniation of brain and meninges through a defect in the occipital area of the skull?

A) Encephalocele
B) Meningocele
C) Myelomeningocele
D) Craniosynostosis

Question 20

A 3-year-old Black child with a history of sickle cell disease and is now diagnosed with meningitis.Which is the most likely microorganism the nurse will find on the lab report?

A) Virus
B) Haemophilus influenzae type B
C) Streptococcus pneumonia
D) Neisseria meningitidis

Question 21

What is the most common location of brain tumors in children?

A) Above the cerebellum
B) In the posterior fossa
C) In the anterior cerebrum
D) In the ventricular lining

Question 22

The percent of retinoblastomas that are inherited as an autosomal dominant trait is ____%.

Question 23

A newborn child is diagnosed with a vertebral arch defect, spina bifida.This condition would lead the nurse to suspect the child may have which of the following as well? (select all that apply)

A) Type II Chiari malformation
B) Myelomeningocele
C) Meningocele
D) Acrania
E) Craniosynostosis

Question 24

Assessment signs of neuroblastoma include: (select all that apply)

A) weight loss.
B) irritability.
C) fatigue.
D) fever.
E) constipation.

Question 25

A nurse recalls that the most frequent location of a neuroblastoma is the:

A) retroperitoneal region.
B) mediastinum.
C) cervical ganglion.
D) lung.

Question 26

A 10-year-old presents with headache and seizures.CT scan reveals a tumor that is located near the pituitary gland.Which of the following is the most likely tumor type?

A) Astrocytoma
B) Craniopharyngioma
C) Ependymoma
D) Medulloblastoma

Question 27

A nurse is preparing to teach about brain tumors.Which information should the nurse include? The most common type of brain tumor in children is:

A) Neuroblastoma
B) Astrocytoma
C) Meningioma
D) Germ cell