Deck 11: Investigating Matter

Question 1

The phase in which atoms and molecules no longer move is the

A)solid phase.
B)liquid phase.
C)gas phase.
D)none of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A TV screen looked at from a distance appears as a smooth continuous flow of images. Up close, however, we see this is an illusion. What really exists are a series of tiny dots (pixels). This is similar to a chemist's view of matter in that

A)the fundamental particles of matter can also be seen when looked at closely with a magnifying glass.
B)on the submicroscopic level, chemists find that matter is made of extremely small particles, such as atoms and molecules.
C)anything that a chemist can see, touch, hear, smell, or taste is an illusion.
D)elements are made up of only three basic types of matter.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The molecules of a gas at room temperature move at about

A)1 km/hr. 0.27 m/s.
B)10 km/hr. 2.7 m/s.
C)150 km/hr. 40.5 m/s.
D)500 m/s.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following would not be considered matter?

A)light
B)trees
C)air
D)clouds
E)rain

Question 5

Which of the following would be considered applied research?

A)determining the lightest and strongest metal to be used for an airplane wing
B)testing the strength of a piece of metal
C)determining the melting temperature of a metal
D)examining how susceptible a metal is to bending
E)determining how readily a metal corrodes in a wet environment

Question 6

Which of the following would be considered basic research?

A)examining why a mouse likes cheddar cheese more than swiss cheese
B)studying ways of catching mice safely
C)testing the strength of a mouse cage
D)examining how quickly a trapdoor closes
E)testing a safe, nontoxic mouse glue

Question 7

Which of the following can be classified as matter?

A)water
B)sand
C)perfume
D)ice cream
E)all of the above

Question 8

Chemistry is the study of

A)matter.
B)transformations of matter.
C)only microscopic phenomena.
D)only macroscopic phenomena.
E)both A and B

Question 9

Gases are so much easier to squeeze into smaller volumes than liquids or solids because

A)they are so much lighter.
B)their atoms or molecules are already moving at high speeds.
C)there is so much space in between the submicroscopic particles.
D)they are always warmer than liquids or solids.

Question 10

Humidity is a measure of the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. Why is humidity always very low inside your kitchen freezer?

A)because the kitchen freezer is most often sealed off from the atmosphere
B)because the frost in the freezer absorbs this moisture
C)because it is not possible for water to be in the gaseous phase at temperatures below 0°C
D)because at the cold temperatures of your kitchen freezer, water molecules in the vapor phase are moving relatively slowly, which makes it easier for them to stick to inner surfaces within the freezer or to other water molecules.

Question 11

The diagram on the far left shows the moving particles of a gaseous material within a rigid container. Which of the three boxes on the right best represents this material upon the addition of heat?

A)Box A, because it shows the gas particles rising upon the addition of heat.
B)Box B, because it shows the gas particles moving faster.
C)Box C, because it shows how the particles expand upon the addition of heat.
D)All three of these boxes show accurate representations of what happens to the particles within this rigid container upon the addition of heat.

Question 12

Of the three sciences, physics, chemistry, and biology, the most complex is

A)physics because it involves many mathematical equations.
B)chemistry because there are so many possible combinations of atoms.
C)biology because it is based upon both the laws of chemistry and physics.
D)All three of these sciences are equally complex.

Question 13

Is chemistry the study of the submicroscopic, the microscopic, or the macroscopic, or all three?

A)Submicroscopic, because it deals with atoms and molecules, which can't be seen with a microscope.
B)Microscopic, because it pertains to the formation of crystals.
C)Macroscopic, because it deals with powders, liquids, and gases that fill beakers and flasks.
D)All of the above, because most everything is made of atoms and molecules.

Question 14

Which has stronger attractions among its submicroscopic particles: a solid at 25°C or a gas at 25°C?

A)The attractions among the submicroscopic particles of the solid must be stronger than the attractions among the particles of the gas.
B)The submicroscopic particles of the gas are moving faster. This means that they have more energy, which means that the attractions among them must be stronger.
C)The attractions among the submicroscopic particles of the solid are much stronger-so much stronger that they hold the particles of the solid absolutely still.
D)The temperatures of these two materials are the same, which means that the attractions among their submicroscopic particles are also of the same strength.

Question 15

A solid is not considered fluid because

A)of the fixed arrangement of its atoms or molecules.
B)of the heavy nature of its atoms or molecules.
C)its atoms or molecules are bound as close together as possible.
D)its atoms or molecules are under too much pressure.

Question 16

The diagram on the left in box A shows the interface of solid and liquid phases of a single substance where each sphere represents a molecule of that substance. Which box, A, B, or C best represents what the molecules of this substance would look like if heat were added? Which box best represents what the molecules of this substance would look like if heat were taken away?

A)A and C
B)B and C
C)A and B
D)C and B

Question 17

How would you describe the size of the following object? a blood cell

A)microscopic
B)macroscopic
C)submicroscopic
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 18

How would you describe the volume of the following object? the amount of water in a swimming pool

A)microscopic
B)macroscopic
C)submicroscopic
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 19

What do members of the Chemical Manufacturers Association pledge in the Responsible Care program?

A)The members pledge to manufacture utilizing responsible chemical standards.
B)The members pledge to manufacture without causing environmental damage.
C)The members pledge responsible care for all laboratory test animals.
D)The members pledge responsible care by using only USP grade reagents.

Question 20

An example of basic research is

A)the development of new plastics that can be recycled.
B)the study of the relationship between the amount of automobile emissions gases in the atmosphere and the decomposition of atmospheric ozone.
C)the study of the composition of the atom.
D)the design of new batteries for electric cars.
E)the study of natural compounds in sea animals to look for new molecules that can be used for medicine.

Question 21

Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

A)gasoline being used in the engine of a car producing exhaust
B)water freezing into ice crystals
C)aftershave or perfume on your skin generating a smell
D)a piece of metal expanding when heated, but returning to original size when cooled
E)breaking a glass window

Question 22

When a gas is changed to a liquid phase, the gas

A)releases energy.
B)absorbs energy.
C)neither A nor B

Question 23

A hot dog pants

A)to help evaporation occur in its mouth and bronchial tract.
B)to bring more oxygen into its lungs.
C)for no particular reason.
D)to impress dogs of the opposite sex.

Question 24

Which of the following would not be considered a chemical property?

A)the temperature at which a liquid will boil
B)light sensitivity
C)whether a metal will rust or not
D)whether a material will dissolve in acid or not
E)the tendency of a material to explode

Question 25

When a solid is changed to a liquid phase, the solid

A)releases energy.
B)absorbs energy.
C)neither A nor B

Question 26

When liquids change to a solid phase, they

A)absorb energy.
B)release energy.
C)neither A nor B

Question 27

When heat is added to boiling water, the water temperature

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)stays the same.

Question 28

Compared to a glass of ice water with ice in it, a glass of plain ice-cold water without ice on a warm day will warm up

A)faster.
B)slower.
C)in the same amount of time.

Question 29

Which of the following is an example of a physical change?

A)water boiling and being converted into steam
B)water being electrolyzed and being converted in hydrogen and oxygen
C)iron metal reacting with oxygen to form rust
D)a candy bar being digested by a student
E)charcoal being converted into ash

Question 30

Evaporation is a cooling process and condensation is

A)a warming process.
B)a cooling process also.
C)neither a warming nor cooling process.

Question 31

We feel uncomfortably warm on a muggy day because water molecules are

A)evaporating from our moist bodies.
B)condensing on our bodies.
C)preventing the evaporation from our moist bodies.

Question 32

The following image describes what type of change?

A)a chemical change
B)a physical change
C)a change in state
D)no change
E)an elemental change

Question 33

We are warmed by condensation because water molecules in the air that strike our bodies

A)transfer some of their kinetic energies to us.
B)gain kinetic energy as they change state.
C)form an insulating layer on our bodies.

Question 34

The following three boxes represent the number of submicroscopic particles within a given volume of a particular substance at different temperatures. Which box represents the greatest density? Which box represents the greatest temperature?

A)A and C
B)B and C
C)A and B
D)B and A

Question 35

Which of the following would be considered a chemical property?

A)reactivity towards water
B)melting temperature
C)boiling temperature
D)conductivity
E)flexibility

Question 36

Steam burns are more damaging than burns caused by boiling water because steam

A)gives up additional energy when it condenses.
B)has more energy per kilogram than boiling water.
C)both A and B
D)neither A nor B

Question 37

When heat is added to boiling water, water temperature

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)stays the same.

Question 38

The following image describes which type of change?

A)a physical change
B)a chemical change
C)an elemental change
D)a change in reactivity
E)no change

Question 39

To say that evaporation is a cooling process is to say that the

A)water left behind cools.
B)surrounding air cools.

Question 40

Evaporation is a cooling process because

A)heat is radiated during the process.
B)of conduction and convection.
C)the more energetic molecules are able to escape the liquid.
D)the temperature of the remaining liquid decreases.
E)none of the above

Question 41

Based on the information given in the following diagrams, which substance has the lower boiling point: one made from molecule A or one made from molecule B?

A)molecule A because it is the first to transform into a liquid
B)molecule B because it is first to transform into a liquid
C)molecule A because it remains in the gaseous phase
D)molecule B because it remains in the gaseous phase

Question 42

Which of the following is not a chemical change?

A)a rock being crushed to powder
B)grass growing
C)grape juice turning into wine
D)a loaf of bread growing mold
E)wood burning to ash

Question 43

The element silicon has a melting point of 1,410°C and a boiling point of 2,355°C. It is a weak conductor of electricity, its density is 2.3 grams per cubic centimeter and it easily forms silicon dioxide when exposed to air. Which of the following is a chemical property of silicon?

A)its ability to conduct electricity
B)its density
C)its melting point
D)its ability to react with oxygen
E)C and D

Question 44

Is aging primarily an example of a physical or chemical change?

A)Aging is an example of a physical change since it involves our physical bodies getting older each day.
B)Aging is an example of a chemical change involving the chemical reformation of our biomolecules.
C)Aging cannot be classified as either a physical or chemical change.
D)None of the above is true.

Question 45

Which of the following would not be considered a physical property?

A)temperature at which a material catches on fire
B)color
C)conductivity
D)hardness
E)temperature at which a material melts

Question 46

Is the following transformation representative of a physical change or a chemical change?

A)chemical change because of the formation of elements
B)physical change because a new material has been formed
C)chemical change because the atoms are connected differently
D)physical change because of a change in phase

Question 47

Each night you measure your height just before going to bed. When you arise each morning, you measure your height again and consistently find that you are 1 inch taller than you were the night before but only as tall as you were 24 hours ago! Is what happens to your body in this instance best described as a physical change or a chemical change?

A)chemical change because it involves your body
B)physical change because it readily reverses
C)chemical change because it involves changes in your bone structure
D)physical change because water expands as it freezes

Question 48

Oxygen, O₂, is certainly good for you. Does it follow that if small amounts of oxygen are good for you then large amounts of oxygen would be especially good for you?

A)Yes. This is the reason patients are given pure (100%)oxygen during medical procedures.
B)Yes. Increased oxygenation of the bloodstream is good for you and can increase your life span.
C)No. Breathing 100% oxygen for extended periods of time can be damaging to the body.
D)No. Large amounts of oxygen will absorb hydrogen from the body and increase the amount of water in the body causing an imbalance in electrolytes.

Question 49

Which of the following would be considered a physical property?

A)density
B)flammability
C)corrosion resistance
D)reactivity towards acid
E)oxygen sensitivity

Question 50

Water and ethanol can be separated by heating the ethanol until it boils away from the water. What type of change is this?

A)a physical change
B)a chemical change
C)a molecular change
D)a decomposition
E)none of the above

Question 51

If you eat metallic sodium or inhale chlorine gas, you stand a strong chance of dying. Let these two elements react with each other, however, and you can safely sprinkle the compound on your popcorn for better taste. What is going on?

A)After these two elements react, they lose the potential energy to cause harm.
B)All elements are inherently dangerous.
C)Sodium and chlorine from the elemental form is more concentrated than the sodium and chlorine we get from sodium chloride.
D)Sodium chloride has nothing in common with sodium and chlorine.

Question 52

Which of the following boxes represents a compound? A B C

A)only A
B)only B
C)only C
D)both A and C

Question 53

A sample of iron weighs more after it rusts because

A)it has expanded into a greater volume.
B)rust contains twice as many iron atoms.
C)of the additional oxygen it contains.
D)Wrong. Iron actually weighs less after it rusts.

Question 54

What chemical change occurs when a wax candle burns?

A)The wax near the flame melts.
B)The molten wax is pulled upwards through the wick.
C)The wax within the wick is heated to about 600°C.
D)The heated wax molecules combine with oxygen molecules.

Question 55

The boiling point of methanol is 65°C and the boiling point of ethanol is 78°C. Which of the following statements is true?

A)At 70°C you would have methanol gas and liquid ethanol.
B)At 90°C you would have methanol and ethanol as solids.
C)At 50°C you would have methanol and ethanol as gases.
D)At 40°C the methanol reacts with the ethanol.
E)none of the above

Question 56

In the winter Vermonters make a tasty treat called "sugar on snow" in which they pour boiled-down maple syrup onto a scoop of clean fresh snow. As the syrup hits the snow it forms a delicious taffy. Which of the following changes are involved in the making of sugar on snow?

A)Boiling down the maple syrup involves the evaporation of water.
B)The syrup warms the snow causing it to melt while the syrup becomes more viscous.
C)As the maple syrup is boiled the sugar within the syrup begins to caramelize, which is an example of a chemical change.
D)All of the above changes are involved in the making of sugar on snow.

Question 57

Oxygen atoms are used to make water molecules. Does this mean that oxygen, O₂, and water, H₂O, have similar properties?

A)Yes, and this explains how fish are able to breathe water.
B)Yes, but that their properties are similar is only a coincidence.
C)No, but their similar properties are only a coincidence.
D)No, compounds are uniquely different from the elements from which they're made.

Question 58

If you have one molecule of TiO₂, how many molecules of O₂ does it contain?

A)None, O₂ is a different molecule than TiO₂.
B)One, TiO₂ is a mixture of Ti and O₂.
C)Two, TiO₂ is a mixture of Ti and 2 O.
D)Three, TiO₂ contains three molecules.
E)none of the above

Question 59

A skillet is lined with a thin layer of cooking oil followed by a layer of unpopped popcorn kernels. Upon heating the kernels all pop thereby escaping the skillet. Which of the following physical and/or chemical changes occurred?

A)The water within each kernel is heated to the point that it would turn into water vapor as the kernels popped (physical change).
B)The starches within the kernels are cooked by the high temperatures (chemical change).
C)Both A and B occur.
D)Physical and chemical changes cannot occur without a real chemical reaction taking place.

Question 60

Classify the following changes as physical or chemical. Wood burns to ashes; water begins to boil; grass grows; a rock is crushed to powder.

A)chemical; physical; chemical; chemical
B)chemical; physical; physical; physical
C)physical; physical; chemical; physical
D)chemical; physical; chemical; physical

Question 61

Compared to microtechnology, nanotechnology focuses on a scale that is about

A)10 times smaller.
B)100 times smaller.
C)1000 times smaller.
D)a million times smaller.

Question 62

What is the name of the following compound? CO₂

A)carbon dioxide
B)dicobalt
C)dioxocarbon
D)calcium oxide
E)calcium dioxide

Question 63

What is the name of the following compound? SF3

A)sulfur trifluoride
B)sulfur fluoride
C)trifluorosulphide
D)fluorine sulphide
E)none of the above

Question 64

Nanotechnology may play an important role in the development of

A)space elevators.
B)windfarms.
C)bullet proof clothing.
D)a storage medium for hydrogen fuel.
E)all of the above

Question 65

How many atoms are in one molecule of Na2SO₄?

A)7
B)2
C)4
D)3
E)24

Question 66

If you have two molecules of TiO₂, how many oxygen atoms would you have?

A)4
B)2
C)3
D)6
E)none

Question 67

How many atoms of Oxygen (O)are in H₃OClO₄?

A)5
B)2
C)3
D)7
E)1

Question 68

Microtechnology began

A)about 60 years ago with the invention of solid state transistors.
B)in the 1990s with the use of computers.
C)with the development of micron chemistry in the early 1800s.
D)at the close of World War II.

Question 69

What is the name of the following compound? CaCl2

A)calcium chloride
B)carbon chloride
C)dichlorocalcium
D)calc two
E)dicalcium chloride

Question 70

Turns into a white powder when heated in the presence of oxygen.

Question 71

Some products on the market today involving nanotechnology include

A)cars.
B)elevators.
C)sunscreen.
D)cosmetics.
E)all of the above

Question 72

Nanotechnology and microtechnology are similar in that they both

A)are interdisciplinary.
B)have huge impacts on society.
C)are relatively new technologies.
D)all of the above

Question 73

The probe tip of a scanning probe microscope

A)floats above the atoms of a sample.
B)etches into the atoms of a sample.
C)chemically changes the atoms of a sample.
D)injects a magnetic field into the atoms of a sample.

Question 74

The systematic names for water, ammonia, and methane are dihydrogen monoxide, H₂O; trihydrogen nitride, NH₃; and tetrahydrogen carbide, CH₄. Why do most people, including chemists, prefer to use the common names for these compounds?

A)The common names are shorter and easier to pronounce.
B)These compounds are encountered frequently.
C)The common names are more widely known.
D)all of the above

Question 75

What is the name of the following compound? NaF

A)sodium fluoride
B)natural fosfate
C)natrium fluoride
D)nitrogen afleck
E)sodium phosphide

Question 76

Which statement best describes a compound?

A)a material that is made up of a combination of atoms bonded together
B)a mixture of more than one element
C)a mixture of atoms
D)a material that is made up of a single type of atom
E)none of the above

Question 77

The scanning probe microscope

A)uses very large mirrors and lenses to enhance an image.
B)can scan small things from a large distance away, such as the surface of the Moon.
C)characterizes the surface atoms of a material.
D)vaporizes a substance, then analyzes and manipulates the components.

Question 78

How many different elements are in the compound C₆H₁₂O₆?

A)3
B)6
C)24
D)All of the elements are the same.

Question 79

Nanotechnology looks at working with particles the size of

A)100 microns or larger.
B)1 to 100 nanometers, the realm of individual atoms and molecules.
C)50 grams and smaller.
D)infinitesimally small, the size of electrons.

Question 80

Nanoscience has shown that

A)a chemical occurs with the use of a scanning probe microscope.
B)the properties of a material can be different on the level of atoms then its properties when the material is analyzed in bulk.
C)a physical change can occur when using a scanning probe microscope.
D)DNA is the smallest molecule.