Deck 13: The Female Reproductive Systemgynecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology

Question 1

Translate the root colp/o.

A) cervix
B) perineum
C) uterus
D) vagina
E) vulva

Answer 1

vagina

Question 2

Which of the following roots translates as the opening between the uterus and the vagina?

A) cervic/o
B) chori/o
C) men/o
D) perine/o
E) vulv/o

Answer 2

cervic/o

Question 3

Translate the root oophor/o.

A) fallopian tube
B) menstruation
C) ovary
D) pregnancy
E) uterus

Answer 3

ovary

Question 4

Select the root that refers to the innermost membrane covering the fetus.

A) amni/o
B) chori/o
C) fet/o
D) part/o
E) perine/o

Question 5

Which of the following roots means to be born and focuses on the baby?

A) amni/o
B) fet/o
C) nat/o
D) part/o
E) toc/o

Question 6

What is the correct pronunciation for the medical term salpingocele?

A) sal-PING-goh-keel
B) sal-PING-goh-seel
C) SAL-pin-JOH-keel
D) SAL-pin-JOH-seel

Question 7

Which of the following roots translates as the region between the female genital organs and the anus?

A) cervic/o
B) chori/o
C) men/o
D) perine/o
E) vulv/o

Question 8

Which of the following roots comes from the Latin word meaning basin or washtub and refers to the shape of the bones that make up this structure?

A) cervic/o
B) hyster/o
C) pelv/i
D) uter/o
E) vagin/o

Question 9

Translate the root lact/o.

A) breast
B) lactation
C) milk
D) pregnancy
E) woman

Question 10

The roots gyn/o and gynec/o both mean

A) breast.
B) labor.
C) menstruation.
D) uterus.
E) woman.

Question 11

Which of the following roots comes from a Latin word meaning offspring and refers to an unborn child after the eighth week of pregnancy?

A) embry/o
B) fet/o
C) nat/o
D) part/o
E) toc/o

Question 12

The roots metr/o and hyster/o both mean

A) breast.
B) labor.
C) menstruation.
D) uterus.
E) woman.

Question 13

The roots mast/o and mamm/o both mean

A) breast.
B) menstruation.
C) milk.
D) pregnancy.
E) woman.

Question 14

Which of the following roots translates as the external genital organs of a female?

A) cervic/o
B) chori/o
C) men/o
D) perine/o
E) vulv/o

Question 15

Which of the following roots is derived from the Greek meaning month and refers to the standard 28-day recurrence of menstrual cycles?

A) colp/o
B) hyster/o
C) men/o
D) ovari/o
E) part/o

Question 16

Which of the following roots refers to the outer membrane covering the fetus and connects the fetus to the wall of the uterus?

A) amni/o
B) chori/o
C) fet/o
D) part/o
E) perine/o

Question 17

Select the root that means to give birth and focuses on the mother?

A) embry/o
B) fet/o
C) nat/o
D) part/o
E) toc/o

Question 18

Translate the root episi/o.

A) cervix
B) perineum
C) uterus
D) vagina
E) vulva

Question 19

What is the correct pronunciation of the medical term salpingitis?

A) salp-AIN-jai-tis
B) SAL-pin-GAI-tis
C) sal-PING-ih-tis
D) SAL-pin-JAI-tis
E) SAL-pin-jih-tis

Question 20

Translate the root salping/o.

A) fallopian tube
B) menstruation
C) ovary
D) pregnancy
E) uterus

Question 21

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term oligohydramnios?

A) oligo (few) +hydr (water) + amnios (amnion) = not enough amniotic fluid
B) oligo (many) +hydr (water) + amnios (amnion) = too much amniotic fluid
C) oligo (no) +hydr (water) + amnios (amnion) = no amniotic fluid
D) oligo (with) +hydr (pus) + amnios (amnion) = pus in the amniotic fluid

Question 22

Identify and define the root in the medical term tocograph.

A) toco (labor)
B) toco (pregnancy)
C) graph (procedure for looking)
D) graph (instrument to record)
E) toco (delivery)

Question 23

Translate the medical term fetometry as literally as possible.

A) procedure for looking at the fetus using an instrument
B) procedure for measuring the fetus
C) procedure for recording the fetus
D) procedure for palpating the fetus
E) procedure for looking at the fetus using sound waves

Question 24

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term bradytocia?

A) brady (late) + toc (birth) + ia (condition) = condition of late birth
B) brady (early) + toc (birth) + ia (pertaining to) = pertaining to early birth
C) brady (false) + toc (labor) + ia (condition) = condition of false labor
D) brady (fast) + toc (labor) + ia (pertaining to) = pertaining to fast labor
E) brady (slow) + toc (labor) + ia (condition) = condition of slow labor

Question 25

Select the medical term that means pain in the external genital organs of a female.

A) hysteralgia
B) mastalgia
C) menorrhalgia
D) vaginodynia
E) vulvodynia

Question 26

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term amenorrhea?

A) a (against) + meno (menstruation) + rrhea (excessive flow) = normal menstruation
B) a (bad) + meno (menstruation) + rrhea (discharge) = painful menstruation
C) a (not) + meno (menstruation) + rrhea (discharge) = no menstruation
D) a (inside) + meno (uterus) + rrhea (excessive discharge) = excessive menstrual discharge

Question 27

Identify and define the root in the medical term ovarialgia.

A) ovari- ovary
B) ovari- ovary and fallopian tube
C) -ialgia disease
D) -algia pain
E) ovar- ovary

Question 28

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term microcephaly?

A) micro (large) + cephal (body) + y (condition) = condition of large body
B) micro (large) + cephal (head) + y (pertaining to) = pertaining to a large head
C) micro (small) + cephal (body) + y (pertaining to) = pertaining to a small body
D) micro (small) + cephal (head) + y (condition) = condition of small head
E) None of these is correct.

Question 29

Which of the following medical terms means procedure for looking at the vagina?

A) cervicography
B) colposcopy
C) hysteroscopy
D) mammogram
E) pelvimetry

Question 30

Select the medical term which means pain in the uterus.

A) hysteralgia
B) mastalgia
C) menorrhalgia
D) vaginodynia
E) vulvodynia

Question 31

Translate the medical term antepartum.

A) after birth
B) against birth
C) before birth
D) between labor and birth
E) during birth

Question 32

Identify and define the root in the medical term vaginitis.

A) vagin (external structures of the female reproductive system)
B) vagin (vagina)
C) vagin (uterus)
D) itis (disease)
E) itis (inflammation)

Question 33

Translate the medical term episiostenosis as literally as possible.

A) narrowing of the vulvar opening
B) hardening of the vagina
C) softening of the vagina
D) abnormal small size of the uterus
E) softening of uterus

Question 34

Select the medical term that means downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina.

A) cervical dysplasia
B) colpoptosis
C) hypomastia
D) hysteroptosis
E) mastoptosis

Question 35

Translate the medical term mastoptosis.

A) drooping condition of the breasts
B) drooping condition of the cervix
C) surgical reconstruction of the breast
D) suture of the breast
E) surgical fixation of the breast

Question 36

Translate the medical term lactogenic as literally as possible.

A) pertaining to breast formation
B) pertaining to breast destruction
C) pertaining to milk creation
D) pertaining to milk destruction
E) None of these is correct.

Question 37

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term hypermastia?

A) hyper (under) + mast (menstruation) + ia (condition) = condition of light menstrual flow
B) hyper (over) + mast (breast) + ia (condition) = condition of excessively large breasts
C) hyper (over) + mast (menstruation) + ia (pertaining to) = pertaining to excessive menstrual flow
D) hyper (under) + mast (breast) + ia (condition) = condition of excessively small breasts
E) None of these is correct.

Question 38

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term amniorrhea?

A) amnio (amnion) + rrhea (discharge) = discharge from the outer membrane covering the fetus that attaches the fetus to the wall of the uterus
B) amnio (amnion) + rrhea (discharge) = discharge of amniotic fluid
C) amnio (amnion) + rrhea (excessive discharge) = excessive discharge from the amnion
D) amnio (amnion) + rrhea (rupture) = rupture of the amniotic sac

Question 39

Identify and define the suffix in the medical term pseudocyesis.

A) pseudo (bad)
B) pseudo (good)
C) pseudo (false)
D) cyesis (labor)
E) cyesis (pregnancy)

Question 40

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term amniorrhexis?

A) amnio (amnion) + rrhexis (suture) = suture of the amniotic sac
B) amnio (amnion) + rrhexis (discharge) = discharge of amniotic fluid
C) amnio (amnion) + rrhexis (inflammation) = inflammation of the amniotic sac
D) amnio (amnion) + rrhexis (rupture) = rupture of the amniotic sac

Question 41

Translate the medical term ovariocentesis.

A) binding of an ovary
B) cyst in the ovary
C) discharge from an ovary
D) pregnancy in an ovary
E) puncture of an ovary

Question 42

Translate the medical term ovariocyesis.

A) ovario (ovary) + cyesis (binding) = binding of an ovary
B) ovario (ovary) + cyesis (deficiency) = ovary that does not release eggs
C) ovario (ovary) + cyesis (fixation) = surgical fixation of an ovary
D) ovario (ovary) + cyesis (pregnancy) = pregnancy in an ovary
E) ovario (ovary) + cyesis (puncture) = puncture of an ovary

Question 43

Which of the following terms translates as a hernia or prolapse of the urethra into the vagina?

A) hysteroptosis
B) metrocolpocele
C) urethroptosis
D) urethrocele
E) vesicovaginal fistula

Question 44

Identify the correct definition of the medical term obstetrics.

A) specialist in the period right after birth (normally first 28 days)
B) branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy, labor, and delivery of newborns
C) time around birth
D) branch of medicine dealing with the study of birth defects and their causes
E) study of medical issues specific to women

Question 45

Select the medical term that means inflammation of the vagina and urinary bladder?

A) cervicocolpitis
B) cervicovaginitis
C) chorioamnionitis
D) colpocystitis
E) endocervicitis

Question 46

The medical term that translates as an abnormal opening between the urinary bladder and the vagina is

A) hysteroptosis.
B) metrocolpocele.
C) rectocele.
D) urethrocele.
E) vesicovaginal fistula.

Question 47

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term ovariorrhexis?

A) ovario (ovary) + rrhexis (fixation) = surgical fixation of an ovary
B) ovario (ovary) + rrhexis (deficiency) = deficiency of eggs in an ovary
C) ovario (ovary) + rrhexis (excessive flow) = release of more than one egg from the ovary
D) ovario (ovary) + rrhexis (rupture) = rupture of an ovary
E) ovario (ovary) + rrhexis (suture) = suture of an ovary

Question 48

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term hysteropexy?

A) hystero (uterus) + pexy (drooping) = downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina
B) hystero (vagina) + pexy (fixation) = surgical fixation of the vagina
C) hystero (vulva) + pexy (suture) = suture of the vulva
D) hystero (vagina) + pexy (binding) = binding of the vagina
E) hystero (uterus) + pexy (fixation) = surgical fixation of the uterus

Question 49

Select the medical term that means inflammation of the cervix and vagina?

A) cervicocolpitis
B) cervicovaginitis
C) chorioamnionitis
D) colpocystitis
E) endocervicitis

Question 50

Select the medical term that means inflammation of uterine muscle tissue.

A) chorioamnionitis
B) endocervitis
C) endometritis
D) myometritis
E) perimetritis

Question 51

Translate the medical term salpingocyesis.

A) salpingo (fallopian tube) + cyesis (binding) = binding of a fallopian tube
B) salpingo (fallopian tube) + cyesis (pregnancy) = pregnancy in a fallopian tube
C) salpingo (fallopian tube) + cyesis (puncture) = puncture of a fallopian tube
D) salpingo (uterine lining) + cyesis (pregnancy) = uterine implantation of a fertilized egg
E) salpingo (uterine lining) + cyesis (puncture) = puncture of the uterine lining

Question 52

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term vaginomycosis?

A) vagino (vagina) + myc (fungus) + osis (condition) = condition of vaginal fungus
B) vagino (vagina) + myc (fungus) + osis (inflammation) = inflammation of the vagina caused by fungus
C) vagino (vagina) + myc (muscle) + osis (condition) = condition of the vaginal muscles
D) vagino (vagina) + myc (muscle) + osis (inflammation) = inflammation of vaginal muscles
E) None of these is correct.

Question 53

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the medical term eclampsia?

A) It comes from the Greek meaning to shine or lightening, and probably comes from the fact that seizures strike suddenly.
B) It is a severe, life-threatening complication of pregnancy.
C) It is characterized by seizures.
D) It is preceded by hyperemesis gravidarum.
E) All of these statements are true.

Question 54

Select the correct translation for the medical term cardiotocograph.

A) an instrument for measuring a pregnant mother's heart rate
B) an instrument for recording the baby's heart rate during contractions
C) a procedure for imaging the uterus
D) a procedure for measuring the fetus
E) a procedure for measuring the head size of the baby and the pelvis size of the mother

Question 55

Select the medical term that means pertaining to new birth, normally the baby's first 28 days after birth.

A) intrapartum
B) neonatal
C) perinatal
D) postnatal
E) postpartum

Question 56

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term hysterorrhexis?

A) hystero (uterus) + rrhexis (fixation) = surgical fixation of the uterus
B) hystero (uterus) + rrhexis (discharge) = discharge from the uterus
C) hystero (uterus) + rrhexis (puncture) = puncture of the uterus
D) hystero (uterus) + rrhexis (rupture) = rupture of the uterus
E) hystero (uterus) + rrhexis (suture) = suture of the uterus

Question 57

Which of the following medical terms means inflammation of the inside of the cervix?

A) cervicocolpitis
B) cervicovaginitis
C) chorioamnionitis
D) colpocystitis
E) endocervicitis

Question 58

Which of the following is the correct breakdown of the medical term hysterosalpingectomy into its component parts?

A) hysterosalping/ectomy
B) hystero/salpingectomy
C) hystero/salping/ectomy
D) hyst/ero/salping/ectomy
E) hyst/ero/salping/ec/tomy

Question 59

Select the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term mammoplasty.

A) mammo (breast) + plasty (incision) = incision into a breast
B) mammo (breast) + plasty (puncture) = puncture of a breast
C) mammo (breast) + plasty (reconstruction) = surgical reconstruction of a breast
D) mammo (breast) + plasty (removal) = surgical removal of a breast
E) mammo (breast) + plasty (suture) = suture of a breast

Question 60

Select the medical term that refers to the inner layer of uterine tissue.

A) endometrium
B) epimetrium
C) myometrium
D) perimetrium

Question 61

Read this excerpt from a patient's health record: "Indications: The patient, Mrs. Jenna Friedman, is a 23-year-old gravida 2, para 1, female who presents at 37 weeks gestation with bleeding and painful uterine contractions for 4 hours. An emergent ultrasound was performed to rule out placenta previa. The ultrasound showed a retroplacental hematoma. She was admitted for evaluation and treatment for abruptio placentae. Her physical exam on admission was significant for fever to 101.2°F, as well as abdominal and uterine tenderness." Which of the following statements is NOT true, given the health record information?

A) An ultrasound was performed to rule out a condition in which the placenta is attached to the uterus near the cervix.
B) As Mrs. Friedman's uterine muscles shorten and tighten, she is experiencing a lot of pain.
C) Mrs. Friedman is 37 weeks pregnant.
D) Mrs. Friedman remained afebrile.
E) Mrs. Friedman was admitted for treatment because the placenta had become separated from the uterine wall.

Question 62

Read the Emergency Department excerpt: "Ms. Miller tolerated PO fluids and looked a little better. We educated Ms. Miller on the risks of STIs and the need for barrier protection. We also explained the complications of PID, including tubal ovarian abscess and tubal infertility. She was sent home for outpatient management." According to the excerpt, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) The Emergency Department educated Ms. Miller on the risk of sexually transmitted infections and explained the complications of pelvic inflammatory disease.
B) The patient could not tolerate anything ingested orally.
C) The patient was admitted to the hospital.
D) All of these are true.
E) None of these is true.

Question 63

Read the following postoperative note: "Objective: She was 3 cm dilated and effaced. Initial lab work included a CBC that showed an elevated white blood cell count but no anemia. The patient was placed on IV fluids and antibiotics for presumed chorioamnionitis and was placed under continuous monitoring. Two hours after admission, fetal heart rate monitors alerted us to fetal bradycardia. The decision was made to proceed with emergency CS." According to the note, which kind of procedure did the patient undergo?

A) delivery of a baby through an incision made in the uterus
B) intentional termination of a pregnancy
C) surgical reconstruction of the vagina
D) surgical removal of an ovarian cyst
E) surgical removal of the cervix

Question 64

Read this excerpt from a patient's health record: "Preoperative Diagnosis: 1. Abruptio placentae; 2. Chorioamnionitis; 3. Fetal distress." Which of the following statements is NOT a correct interpretation of this information?

A) The chorion and amnion are both inflamed.
B) The patient has a condition where the placenta has become separated from the uterine wall.
C) The patient is pregnant.
D) The patient needed to undergo surgery because the placenta is attached to the uterus near the cervix.
E) The unborn child is in distress.

Question 65

What is the correct translation of the abbreviation GYN?

A) gynecological exam
B) gynecologist
C) gynecology
D) gynecoscopy
E) all of these

Question 66

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the abbreviation TAH/BSO?

A) BSO stands for bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.
B) It involves the surgical removal of both fallopian tubes and ovaries.
C) It involves the surgical removal of the uterus through an incision in the abdomen.
D) It involves the surgical removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries through the vagina.
E) TAH stands for total abdominal hysterectomy.

Question 67

Read the Emergency Department excerpt: "Emergency Department Course: Ms. Miller arrived at the emergency department in mild discomfort. An IV was started, and she was treated with IV fluids for mild dehydration. Ms. Miller was also given an antiemetic and ibuprofen. A pregnancy test to rule out ectopic pregnancy was negative. A swab of Ms. Miller's purulent vaginal discharge revealed leukorrhea. We performed transvaginal sonography. Suspicion for pelvic inflammatory disorder was confirmed by findings of enlarged ovaries consistent with oophoritis and endometritis. Results for chlamydia reinfection and gonorrhea are still pending." According to the excerpt, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) Ms. Miller has a fertilized egg implanted somewhere other than her uterus.
B) Ms. Miller has white vaginal discharge.
C) The diagnostic procedure used by the ED was an imaging procedure using sound waves emitted from a device inserted in the vagina.
D) The transvaginal sonogram confirmed PID.
E) All of these statements are true.

Question 68

What does the abbreviation Cx refer to?

A) a biopsy of the external genital organs of a female
B) a Pap smear
C) any gynecologic diagnostic procedure
D) the opening between the uterus and the vagina
E) the tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus

Question 69

Select the medical term that means suture of the external genital organs of a female.

A) colpopexy
B) episiorrhaphy
C) myomectomy
D) perineoplasty
E) vulvoplasty

Question 70

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the abbreviation HSG?

A) hysterosalpingogram: hystero (uterus) + salpingo (fallopian tube) + gram (record) = record of the uterus and fallopian tubes
B) hysterosalpingectomy: hystero (uterus) + salping (fallopian tube) + ectomy (removal) = surgical removal of the uterus and fallopian tubes
C) severe hyperemesis gravidarum: severe hyper (over) + emesis (vomiting) + gravidarum (pregnancy) = severe pregnancy-related vomiting; extreme morning sickness
D) hysterosonography: hystero (uterus) + sono (sound) + graphy (process of recording) = procedure using sound waves to examine the uterus
E) None of these is correct.

Question 71

Which of the following medical terms means surgical reconstruction of the tissue between the genital organs and the anus?

A) colpopexy
B) episiorrhaphy
C) hysteroplasty
D) perineoplasty
E) salpingectomy

Question 72

Read this excerpt from a patient's health record: "Past Medical History: Recent treatment for chlamydia vulvovaginitis. Menarche at 13 years of age. LMP 1 week ago. Social History: High-risk sexual behavior. Sexually active with multiple partners, inconsistent use of protection via condoms with her partners. 1-pack-per-day smoker. Family History: Noncontributory." Which of the following statements is NOT true about this patient's medical history?

A) Her family's medical history is not related to this specific problem.
B) Her last menstrual period was 7 days ago.
C) She had her first menstrual cycle at age 13.
D) She has not yet been treated for her STD.
E) She was recently treated for inflammation of the vulva and vagina.

Question 73

Read the health record information: "Subject: Mrs. Lana Pecos is a 47-year-old premenopausal woman with a chief complaint of heavy menses. For more than a year, she has experienced menstrual flow for 9 to 10 days every 2 to 3 weeks. She denies vaginal discharge and bleeding from her gums or in her stool. No easy bruising." If a normal menstrual cycle occurs every 21-35 days and lasts 2-7 days, according to the health record information, the patient is experiencing

A) amenorrhea.
B) dysmenorrhea.
C) leucorrhea.
D) menorrhagia.
E) oligomenorrhea.

Question 74

Select the medical term that means suture of the tissue between the genital organs and the anus.

A) perineorrhaphy
B) colpopexy
C) episiorrhaphy
D) myomectomy
E) amniocentesis

Question 75

Read the health record excerpt: "Endometrial Bx: Hyperplasia." According to the excerpt, what kind of diagnostic procedure did the patient undergo?

A) a record of a breast exam
B) a test used to detect cancer cells, most commonly in the cervix
C) an imaging procedure using sound waves emitted from a device inserted in the vagina
D) an instrument used to examine the vagina
E) the removal of a sample of the inner layer of the uterine tissue in order to examine it

Question 76

The surgical removal of a tumor in the muscle of the uterine wall is called a(n)

A) myometrectomy.
B) episiorrhaphy.
C) myomectomy.
D) perineoplasty.
E) vulvectomy.

Question 77

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the medical terms oophorocystectomy and ovarian cystectomy?

A) Both are diagnostic procedures.
B) Oophorocystectomy is the surgical removal of an ovary by making an incision into the bladder, while ovarian cystectomy is the surgical removal of an ovarian cyst.
C) They both mean the surgical removal of an ovarian cyst.
D) They both mean the surgical removal of an ovary by making an incision into the bladder.
E) None of these statements is true.

Question 78

What is the correct definition for the abbreviation IVF?

A) delivery of a baby through an incision made in the uterus
B) intentional termination of a pregnancy
C) surgical reconstruction of the vagina and perineum
D) surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary
E) the fertilization of an egg done in a test tube

Question 79

Read the following excerpt from a patient's medical record: "Emergency Department Course: Ms. Miller arrived at the emergency department in mild discomfort. An IV was started, and she was treated with IV fluids for mild dehydration. Ms. Miller was also given an antiemetic and ibuprofen. A swab of Ms. Miller's purulent vaginal discharge revealed leukorrhea. We performed transvaginal sonography. Suspicion for pelvic inflammatory disorder was confirmed by findings of enlarged ovaries consistent with oophoritis and endometritis. Results for chlamydia reinfection and gonorrhea are still pending." What is the correct breakdown and translation for the underlined terms in the Emergency Department Note excerpt?

A) oophoritis:oophor (fallopian tube) + itis (condition) = condition of the fallopian tubes; endometritis:endo (inside) + metr (uterus) + itis (condition) = condition inside the uterus
B) oophoritis:oophor (fallopian tube) + itis (disease) = disease of the fallopian tubes endometritis:endo (outside) + metr (uterus) + itis (disease) = disease outside the uterus
C) oophoritis:oophor (ovary) + itis (disease) = disease of an ovary; endometritis:endo (inside) + metr (uterus) + itis (disease) = disease inside the uterus
D) oophoritis:oophor (ovary) + itis (inflammation) = inflammation of an ovary; endometritis:endo (inside) + metr (uterus) + itis (inflammation) = inflammation inside the uterus
E) oophoritis:oophor (ovary) + itis (inflammation) = inflammation of an ovary; endometritis: endo (outside) + metr (uterus) + itis (inflammation) = inflammation outside the uterus

Question 80

Read the health record information: "History of Present Illness: Ms. Sara Miller, a 25-year-old woman, has had a 3-day history of worsening lower abdominal pain. The pain is a constant dull ache. The pain began a few days after her last menstrual cycle ended. The pain worsens with movement. Ms. Miller also reports painful sexual intercourse and purulent vaginal discharge. She has tried over-the-counter ibuprofen, which yielded mild relief of the pain. The pain has worsened and now she also has nausea. She denies vomiting, diarrhea, or dysuria." According to the health record information, which of the following is a symptom exhibited by the patient?

A) dysmenorrhea
B) hyperemesis
C) leukorrhea
D) dyspareunia
E) painful urination