Deck 13: Preventing Pregnancy: Contraception and Abortion

Question 1

Modern condoms are made of all of the following materials except:

A)animal intestine
B)polyurethane
C)spandex
D)latex

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is considered a barrier method of contraception?

A)condom
B)diaphragm
C)cervical cap
D)All of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Although it is a convenient and highly effective method of contraception, the ____ must be inserted by a physician and does not provide any protection against STIs.

A)intrauterine device
B)cervical cap
C)diaphragm
D)sponge

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The reason that the morning-after pill helps prevent pregnancy is because it:

A)changes the lining of the uterus so a fertilized egg cannot attach to it.
B)blocks the sperm from reaching the egg in the fallopian tube.
C)damages any sperm released into the vagina.
D)keeps eggs from being released each month.

Question 5

Contraceptive methods such as the pill and the patch utilize which synthetic hormones to disrupt the process of ovulation?

A)androgen and testosterone
B)estrogen and progesterone
C)cortisol and aldosterone
D)insulin and glucagon

Question 6

Susan and Ralph met at a party and have been dating casually for one month.They have both been sexually active with other people and are now planning to have sex with each other.If they were going to use only one contraceptive technique, which of the following would a healthcare provider recommend this couple use?

A)condom
B)vaginal ring
C)spermicide
D)the pill

Question 7

In the late 1800s, the _____ declared the distribution of information about contraception "obscene," and, therefore, illegal in the state of New York.

A)Supreme Court decision in Roe v.Wade
B)19th Amendment to the Constitution
C)U.S.Food and Drug Administration
D)Comstock laws

Question 8

Which of the following contraceptive methods does not require a prescription to obtain?

A)diaphragm
B)cervical cap
C)birth control pill
D)contraceptive sponge

Question 9

The way that spermicides help reduce the likelihood of getting pregnant is through:

A)changing the lining of the uterus so a fertilized egg cannot attach to it.
B)blocking the sperm from reaching the egg in the fallopian tube.
C)damaging or killing any sperm released into the vagina.
D)thickening cervical mucus so sperm cannot easily pass through it.

Question 10

According to research, which of the following drugs have been shown to interact with the birth control pill in ways that may reduce the effectiveness of one or both of the medications being taken?

A)antibiotics
B)anti-seizure
C)anti-depressants
D)all of the above

Question 11

Which contraceptive method is the most widely used by American women who are in their teens and 20s?

A)tubal ligation
B)diaphragm
C)the pill
D)IUD

Question 12

Although this contraceptive method is free and readily available to anyone, it does not provide STI protection and it has a relatively high failure rate.

A)male condom
B)withdrawal
C)vasectomy
D)abstinence

Question 13

Which of the following statements accurately represents the American Pharmacists Association's (APA) official policy concerning a pharmacist's right to refuse to fill a contraceptive prescription?

A)The APA policy states that a pharmacist has the right to refuse a prescription as long as he or she makes sure customers can get their medications some other way.
B)The APA requires that all licensed pharmacists fill all prescriptions for all approved medications for all customers, regardless of their personal beliefs.
C)The APA policy states that a pharmacist can refuse to fill contraceptive prescriptions for minors, but must fill them for adult customers.
D)The APA refuses to issue an official policy on this controversial matter.

Question 14

The reason that a condom reduces the likelihood of getting pregnant and of transmitting sexual infections is that it

A)changes the lining of the uterus so a fertilized egg cannot attach to it.
B)blocks the sperm from reaching the egg in the fallopian tube.
C)damages any sperm released into the vagina.
D)thickens cervical mucus so sperm cannot easily pass through it.

Question 15

Shannon is opposed to using artificial contraception but wishes to avoid pregnancy.Which of these techniques could she use to help determine when she is ovulating?

A)Chart her menstrual cycle on a monthly basis.
B)Check her basal body temperature.
C)Observe changes in the consistency of her cervical mucus.
D)Shannon can use all of the above techniques to help determine when she ovulates.

Question 16

People report that one of the biggest "cons" of using barrier methods (such as the diaphragm, cervical cap, and contraceptive sponge) is that they:

A)disrupt "the moment" because they have to be inserted immediately before intercourse occurs.
B)are messy to use.
C)are much more expensive than other forms of contraception.
D)reduce physical sensitivity and therefore minimize pleasure.

Question 17

Using the FDA rating system, which of the following categories of contraception has the lowest failure rate?

A)hormonal methods
B)herbal remedies
C)physical barrier methods
D)natural family planning

Question 18

A recent Kinsey Institute study indicates that those women who reported the highest overall level of satisfaction with their sex lives used which contraceptive method?

A)condoms only
B)hormonal methods only
C)combination of hormonal method and condoms
D)natural family planning methods only

Question 19

During Ancient times, contraceptive and abortion techniques were

A)non-existent, because ancient peoples did not understand human biology well enough to attempt to control reproduction.
B)illegal, because any attempt to interfere with reproduction was considered religious blasphemy.
C)derived primarily from nature and included a wide variety of herbal remedies.
D)reliant on dangerous, invasive procedures and rudimentary surgical techniques.

Question 20

The primary way that the birth control pill, Norplant, and Depo Provera all help prevent pregnancy is through

A)changing the lining of the uterus so a fertilized egg cannot attach to it.
B)blocking the sperm from reaching the egg in the fallopian tube.
C)killing or damaging any sperm released into the vagina.
D)keeping eggs from being released each month.

Question 21

Based on medical recommendations, for which of the following women would using an IUD be a safe, viable option?

A)Joan, age 28, single, casually dating multiple people, under treatment for an STI
B)Maria, age 40, divorced, seriously dating one person, family history of ovarian cancer
C)Anne, age 21, married, recently treated for chlamydia, one previous miscarriage
D)Leah, age 25, monogamous with fiancé, no previous pregnancies or STIs

Question 22

Abortions performed within the first nine weeks of pregnancy are strongly associated with:

A)an increased risk of miscarriage during future pregnancies.
B)an increased chance of developing ovarian cancer later in life.
C)an increased likelihood of permanent infertility.
D)Abortions performed this early pose virtually no long-term risks of infertility, miscarriage, or ovarian cancer.

Question 23

The Dilation and Evacuation (D&E) method of abortion is most commonly used to terminate a pregnancy during which stage?

A)1st trimester
B)2nd trimester
C)3rd trimester
D)The D&E procedure is no longer used in the United States because it has been replaced by safer, non-surgical techniques.

Question 24

A vasectomy is performed by:

A)cauterizing a small section of the urethra.
B)removing the prostate gland.
C)severing or sealing the vas deferens.
D)chemically suppressing sperm production by injecting antiandrogen drugs into the scrotum.

Question 25

In the United States, the abortion rate for women ages 15 to 44 years old _____ from 1981 to 2005.

A)steadily declined
B)steadily increased
C)stayed virtually the same
D)declined in the 1980s, increased during the 1990s, and declined again in the 2000s

Question 26

According to the National College Health Assessment survey, approximately _____ percent of sexually active college students have used emergency contraception.

A)75
B)50
C)25
D)10

Question 27

Potential side effects of using a _____ include increased cramping, increased bleeding during menstruation, and increased risk of pelvic infections.

A)spermicide
B)copper IUD
C)female condom
D)contraceptive implant

Question 28

Following a vasectomy, most men experience which of the following changes?

A)decreased production of testosterone and lower sex drive
B)decreased sensitivity and reduced sexual pleasure
C)decreased sperm production
D)Having a vasectomy does not result in any of these changes.

Question 29

If you use the Billings Method of contraception, you should avoid having sex:

A)during the "slippery days" about midway through your cycle.
B)during the "dry days" right after your period ends.
C)when your body temperature is above 99 degrees.
D)during early morning hours throughout your entire cycle.

Question 30

American men of which racial-ethnic group are most likely to undergo vasectomy?

A)Black
B)White
C)Hispanic
D)There is no statistical difference in the rate of vasectomy across race or ethnicity.

Question 31

All of the following are fairly common side effects of taking the birth control pill except for

A)decreased appetite
B)decreased sex drive
C)breast tenderness
D)headaches

Question 32

Approved by the FDA in 2000, RU-486 is a:

A)synthetic hormone that prevents a woman from ovulating.
B)form of emergency contraception commonly known as the "morning after pill."
C)medication that causes the uterine lining to break down, making it impossible for a current pregnancy to continue.
D)synthetic hormone that suppresses sperm production and reduces sperm motility.

Question 33

After receiving a tubal ligation, most women regularly experience:

A)shorter, lighter periods.
B)heavier, longer periods.
C)increased menstrual cramping.
D)no changes in their menstrual cycle.

Question 34

The Duggar family has become a popular cultural icon as a result of their adherence to the principles of which religious phenomenon?

A)Scientology
B)Quiverfull Movement
C)United Church of Children
D)International Erlich Foundation

Question 35

All of the following statements accurately describe Depo Provera except:

A)This shot contains progesterone to inhibit ovulation.
B)Injections must be given once per year to be effective.
C)One negative consequence of long-term use is possible bone loss.
D)Low-income women are twice as likely as middle- and upper-income women to use Depo Provera as their main contraceptive method.

Question 36

In addition to providing contraception, the birth control pill has which of the following added benefits for many of the women who take it?

A)The pill helps reduce menstrual cramping.
B)Periods are usually lighter and shorter when taking the pill.
C)Women who take the pill have fewer outbreaks of acne.
D)Taking the pill may provide all of the above benefits to many women.

Question 37

In order to be most effective, the emergency contraception pill must be taken within what time frame after engaging in sexual activity that put you at risk for pregnancy?

A)12 hours
B)48 hours
C)72 hours
D)one week

Question 38

Although rare, some women who take the birth control pill may experience difficulty breathing, vision problems, leg swelling, or pain in the legs, arm, or shoulder.A woman who has these side effects should go to the hospital immediately because these symptoms may indicate that _____ has developed.

A)pneumonia
B)a blood clot
C)an ulcer
D)kidney failure

Question 39

The minipill is a better alternative to the standard birth control pill for women who smoke, are breastfeeding, or who have had breast cancer because:

A)the standard pill contains twice as much progestin as the minipill.
B)the minipill does not contain any testosterone.
C)the minipill does not contain any progestin.
D)the minipill does not contain any estrogen.

Question 40

All of the following are common side effects of taking the emergency contraception pill except

A)nausea
B)dizziness
C)headache
D)hemorrhaging

Question 41

Which of the following countries was the first to legalize use of RU-486 to induce an abortion?

A)United States
B)Sweden
C)France
D)Mexico

Question 42

The _____ method of abortion is a rarely performed procedure in which saline, water, and potassium chloride are injected into the amniotic sac, thereby causing fetal demise.

A)D&C
B)MTX
C)Induction
D)Aspiration

Question 43

With the exception of the birth control pill that was introduced in the 1960s, all of the contraceptive techniques available to us today were practiced in the ancient world.

Question 44

Most of the contraceptive techniques available in the U.S.by prescription both help prevent pregnancy and considerably reduce the risk of contracting an STI.

Question 45

In which of the following countries was abortion legal before abortion became legally available throughout the United States?

A)United Kingdom
B)Soviet Union
C)Australia
D)All of these countries legalized abortion before the United States did.

Question 46

Women who use a diaphragm for contraception need to be refitted for a new one if they lose or gain more than 10 pounds.

Question 47

Although they are both highly effective forms of surgical sterilization, tubal ligation is less expensive, less invasive, and associated with fewer complications than a vasectomy.

Question 48

Which racial-ethnic group in the U.S.has a significantly lower rate of abortion than all other groups of women?

A)Black
B)White
C)Asian
D)Hispanic

Question 49

Public opinion polls conducted in 2009 reveal that the American public's support for legal abortions has:

A)stayed about the same as it was throughout the last decade.
B)increased considerably since the beginning of the decade.
C)declined somewhat since the beginning of the decade.
D)increased among men but decreased among women.

Question 50

Research suggests that one of the main cultural reasons why sexually active teens and young adults in the U.S.may forego using contraceptives is because:

A)contraceptives are so expensive in our society that few young people can afford to purchase them on a regular basis.
B)purchasing birth control and discussing contraception with one's sexual partner are embarrassing experiences in our society.
C)youth have so few contraceptive options available because our society imposes legal restrictions on which contraceptives can be purchased by minors.
D)contraceptive use is viewed as immoral in our society, where a majority of people subscribe to Catholicism.

Question 51

Approximately ten percent of American women who have abortions undergo the procedure at 21 weeks gestation or later.

Question 52

Medical experts recommend that the female condom and the male condom never be used simultaneously because both are more likely to break when used at the same time.

Question 53

The FDA reports that male condoms and female condoms have nearly identical failure rates of approximately 20 percent.

Question 54

Because contraception is so widely available and effective today, three-fourths of all pregnancies that occur each year in the U.S.are intended.

Question 55

In 1966, _____ became the first U.S.state to allow abortion in the case of rape.

A)New York
B)Mississippi
C)Oregon
D)Texas

Question 56

Almost 90 percent of all abortions performed in the United States occur within the first twelve weeks (first trimester) of pregnancy.

Question 57

A spontaneous abortion refers to:

A)an induced abortion performed to save the life of the pregnant woman.
B)an illegal abortion performed by someone other than a licensed healthcare provider.
C)the natural expulsion of the fetus from the uterus in the case of miscarriage.
D)any abortion provided by a clinic that does not require patients to receive counseling or undergo a waiting period before having the procedure done.

Question 58

A woman can undergo an effective, nonsurgical abortion by taking the medications mifepristone and Misoprostol for up to _____ days after the first day of her last menstrual period.

A)90
B)63
C)28
D)14

Question 59

In 1973, the _____ declared that all bans on abortion in the first trimester are unconstitutional.

A)Supreme Court decision in Roe v.Wade
B)19th Amendment to the Constitution
C)U.S.Food and Drug Administration
D)39th President of the United States, Jimmy Carter

Question 60

In order for a male condom to be as effective as possible, withdrawal of the penis must take place immediately after intercourse.

Question 61

Discuss why intrauterine devices are one of the least used forms of contraception among women in the contemporary United States.
Essay:

Question 62

Discuss the advantages of having a non-surgical medication abortion instead of a surgical abortion.Given these advantages, why would healthcare providers still perform surgical abortions in the contemporary United States?

Question 63

Even though making decisions about contraception is a highly personal matter, such decisions are not made only at the individual level.In fact, social group characteristics such as race, ethnicity, and social class status also influence people's options and behavior.Discuss how contraceptive use systematically varies by race, ethnicity, and social class, and explain why these social factors matter.

Question 64

What is a "partial birth abortion," and why has it been the subject of legal controversy during the last decade?

Question 65

Although often used interchangeably in regular conversation, "birth control" and "contraception" are not technically the same thing.Explain why using scientific terminology.

Question 66

Outline the five primary ways that sexually active human beings can attempt to prevent pregnancy.For each way, identify a modern contraceptive technique that functions in that manner.

Question 67

Briefly summarize the research concerning both the immediate and long-term psychological consequences of having an abortion.What personal and social factors do you think likely influence how particular women feel about having an abortion? Discuss why the context of the decision matters to how a woman feels about her decision.

Question 68

Compare and contrast spermicides and microbicides in terms of form, function, and effectiveness.

Question 69

Describe the personal and social characteristics (e.g.age, education level, type and number of partners) of the type of woman who would be most likely able to use natural family planning techniques effectively

Question 70

Although a vasectomy is a form of permanent sterilization, physicians recommend that couples continue using another form of contraception for up to three months after the procedure is done.Why is this necessary?

Question 71

This chapter raises the issue of whether pharmacists should have the right to refuse to fill prescriptions for contraceptives.Similar legal and ethical issues have been raised concerning physicians' decisions to write such prescriptions and to provide other forms of care related to contraception and abortion.Outline your position on this issue: To what extent should a physician's personal beliefs restrict which healthcare services he or she provides to patients?

Question 72

Explain why emergency contraception (such as the morning after pill) is not a form of abortion.

Question 73

Many men are concerned that their sexual performance will be affected by having a vasectomy.Explain in non-scientific terms why this concern is unfounded.

Question 74

Organizations such as Planned Parenthood have suggested that couples engage in outercourse to reduce the risk of pregnancy and STIs.To what does this concept refer? What are the advantages and disadvantages of engaging in outercourse with a sexual partner? How popular do you think this practice is among young people today?

Question 75

This chapter provides clear, concise instructions for using various contraceptives.Although these instructions may seem simple, some people do not understand them because they use scientific diagrams and clinical terms.Choose two forms of contraception and provide alternative instructions and illustrations that would be more appealing and easily understood by a specific target group (e.g.male adolescents or elderly women).