Deck 23: Nutrition Support in Cancer and HIV

Question 1

An appropriate intervention for a patient with neutropenia would be to

A) drink liquids between meals rather than with meals.
B) cook food items immediately after thawing.
C) eat at least six, small meals each day.
D) serve soy-based milk rather than cow's milk.

Answer 1

B
For those with neutropenia.foods should be cooked right after thawing to avoid possible microbial contamination.

Question 2

If salivary secretions are reduced or absent.it may be most helpful to

A) serve a clear liquid diet.
B) use a tube feeding.
C) serve food in semiliquid form.
D) serve water with the meal.

Answer 2

C
Food served in a semiliquid form may be better accepted by patients with decreased salivary secretions.

Question 3

The immune system's ability to function is compromised by

A) increased metabolism of water-soluble vitamins.
B) increased metabolism caused by emotional stress.
C) severe malnutrition with atrophy of organs and tissues.
D) increased hormonal levels associated with stress.

Answer 3

C
Severe malnutrition compromises the capacity of the immune system because of the atrophy of the organs and tissues that are involved in immunity.

Question 4

Factors associated with the development of cancer include

A) foods that are microwaved.
B) radiation exposure.
C) food-borne disease.
D) diabetes mellitus.

Question 5

A major systemic effect of cancer is

A) edema.
B) hypoglycemia.
C) dehydration.
D) negative nitrogen balance.

Question 6

Ordinarily.the cell operates in an orderly fashion under the influence of the

A) genetic code.
B) outside environment.
C) endoplasmic reticulum.
D) nutrients taken into the cell.

Question 7

Given a functional gastrointestinal tract.the preferred method of feeding a patient with cancer is

A) a normal oral intake.
B) a liquid formula diet.
C) tube feeding.
D) total parenteral feeding.

Question 8

Patients who receive chemotherapeutic drugs often develop

A) tremors.
B) anemia.
C) hypertension.
D) abnormal heart rhythms.

Question 9

For patients with cancer.a good source of dietary protein is

A) a scrambled egg.
B) applesauce.
C) orange sherbet.
D) mashed potatoes.

Question 10

To counteract the hypermetabolic state of cancer.it is important to increase the intake of

A) protein.
B) kilocalories.
C) vitamins.
D) fats.

Question 11

Mr.T has been undergoing treatment for cancer; he has not felt like eating all day and complains of much discomfort and pain.A possible initial intervention to assist in increasing his appetite is to

A) administer appetite-stimulant medication as soon as possible.
B) assess for weight loss and speak with the physician regarding tube feeding.
C) assess pain and discomfort and provide pain-relief measures.
D) change the diet plan to all liquids to make it easier to ingest food items.

Question 12

Cancer therapy that uses radioactive isotopes is

A) surgery.
B) radiation therapy.
C) chemotherapy.
D) an x-ray.

Question 13

The person who has the highest risk for developing cancer is

A) a minimum-wage worker who usually runs out of money to buy food between paychecks and eats mostly pasta.
B) a body builder who supplements his or her food intake with protein shakes and vitamin and mineral supplements.
C) an elderly man who lives alone and eats at the local congregate meal site at noon each weekday.
D) a nurse who has a young family and works full time in the oncology clinic of a local hospital.

Question 14

The cells responsible for synthesis and secretion of antibodies are the

A) immunoglobulins.
B) T cells.
C) B cells.
D) lymphocytes.

Question 15

The point at which a mutagen causes irreversible damage to DNA is referred to as

A) neoplasms.
B) promotion.
C) initiation.
D) progression.

Question 16

Patients who receive chemotherapy drugs often develop anemia because the drugs

A) damage the bone marrow.
B) prevent iron absorption.
C) interfere with folate metabolism.
D) destroy hemoglobin.

Question 17

An appropriate recommendation for a patient with cancer who has a poor appetite is to

A) plan several small meals and snacks each day.
B) let hunger dictate the eating pattern to avoid nausea.
C) drink a full glass of water before each meal.
D) eat mostly fruits and vegetables.

Question 18

A disadvantage associated with abdominal radiation is that

A) the structure and function of the bowel may be adversely affected.
B) the radiation can be dispersed to all the abdominal organs once it passes into the cavity.
C) it is hard to pinpoint the precise area to target the radiation.
D) the treatment itself is often very painful for the patient.

Question 19

The cellular component of the immune system that is derived from the thymus is the

A) T cell.
B) B cell.
C) phagocyte.
D) lymphocyte.

Question 20

The primary goal in nutrition care of patients with cancer is to

A) prevent further growth of the tumor.
B) reduce nutrients that the tumor feeds on.
C) prevent malnutrition.
D) promote weight gain.

Question 21

An HIV-positive patient should be referred to the clinical dietitian on the AIDS team

A) at the first contact with a health professional.
B) at stage 2 with development of symptoms.
C) at stage 3 with AIDS-indicator conditions.
D) when the patient has nutrition-related problems.

Question 22

A fundamental effect of untreated HIV infection is

A) nausea.
B) vomiting.
C) major weight loss.
D) cirrhosis.

Question 23

The best strategy for a person with HIV infection is to

A) recommend intake of specific combinations of food.
B) expect significant changes in lifestyle behaviors.
C) promote optimal nutrition while making the fewest food changes.
D) act as a catalyst for selecting appropriate lifestyle changes.

Question 24

Symptoms that may occur during the asymptomatic HIV infection stage include

A) persistent fatigue, night sweats, thrush, and diarrhea.
B) a flulike syndrome lasting a few days or weeks.
C) pneumonia, lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and tuberculosis.
D) hyperglycemia, heart arrhythmias, and loss of appetite.

Question 25

Protease inhibitors work by

A) inhibiting the enzyme protease.
B) preventing reverse transcriptase.
C) binding to HIV.
D) enhancing the enzyme lipase.

Question 26

Mucositis is an inflammation of the

A) stomach mucosa.
B) intestinal mucosa.
C) oral mucosa.
D) pancreas.

Question 27

If a patient has a CD4+ ƒ of 350 cells/µL.they have

A) stage 0 HIV.
B) stage 1 HIV.
C) stage 2 HIV.
D) stage 3 HIV.

Question 28

The nutrition care plan for AIDS patients is

A) the same as for healthy individuals.
B) consistent throughout the course of the disease.
C) based on the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count.
D) individualized and continually adjusted throughout the course of the disease.

Question 29

A patient with lipodystrophy may benefit from following a

A) Mediterranean diet.
B) high-protein diet.
C) liquid and semiliquid diet.
D) vegetarian diet.

Question 30

Nutrition support is a vital care component throughout the progression of HIV infection and especially in the advanced stages of the disease because of its role in

A) controlling involuntary weight loss and tissue wasting.
B) maintaining cardiac function.
C) preventing the spread of the HIV virus.
D) preventing anemia and constipation.