Deck 15: Specific Deterrence and Incapacitation

Question 1

Sherman and Berk claim that arrests in domestic violence calls have no impact on recidivism, suggesting no specific deterrent effect.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of electronic monitoring of offenders?

A) enhances the ability to supervise offenders
B) generates funds for probation
C) is punishment for offenders who do not need to be sentenced to an institution
D) can possibly alleviate the overcrowding of correctional institutions
E) all of the above are advantages

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A passive EM system means that the offender does not know he or she is being monitored.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Another name for an active electronic monitoring system is:

A) programmed contact system
B) continuous signaling system
C) radio frequency system
D) GPS system
E) none of the above

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a concern or criticism of EM?

A) EM may place the public at greater risk
B) monitoring increases personnel costs
C) net-widening
D) many offenders spend a long time in the system
E) all of the above are concerns

Question 6

Analyzing specific deterrence looking at length of imprisonment on parole outcome shows:

A) inconsistent recidivism results
B) instances of higher recidivism for those with longer sentences
C) instances of lower recidivism for some groups
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following items is NOT included in Greenwood's selective incapacitation scale?

A) conviction before age 18
B) drug use as a juvenile
C) prior conviction for the same offense
D) served time in a juvenile facility
E) all of the above are included

Question 8

Incapacitation seeks to prevent the offender from further deviant actions through the imposition of punishments that will negate any pleasure or advantage gained by participation in criminal activity.

Question 9

The most notable study of the specific deterrent effect of arrest in relation to domestic violence is the:

A) Omaha Domestic Violence Experiment
B) Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment
C) Charlotte Domestic Violence Experiment
D) Atlanta Domestic Violence Experiment
E) none of the above

Question 10

Collective incapacitation refers to the imposition of sentences upon everyone exhibiting the same behavior with no concern for the potential of the individual.

Question 11

GPS technology does not need a home monitoring device or the use of any telephone lines.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a key assumption in incapacitation claims?

A) individuals commit some base rate of offenses every year
B) there is a constant rate of offending over time
C) an individual's criminal career is not simply put on hold while incapacitated
D) an incapacitated individual is not replaced by another offender
E) all of the above are key assumptions

Question 13

The two types of incapacitation are:

A) selective and constraining
B) contravening and determining
C) selective and collective
D) specific and non-specific
E) none of the above

Question 14

Electronic monitoring devices were first used in 1983 on a small group of offenders in New York.

Question 15

Problems with the Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment included all but which of the following?

A) officers often did not impose the sanction dictated by the experimental procedure
B) dispatch often failed to classify the cases as domestic violence
C) officers were self-selected and a few provided the majority of the cases for study
D) self-report follow-up was completed on less than one-half of the cases
E) all of the above were included

Question 16

Studies of the specific deterrent effects of imprisonment generally show:

A) low levels of recidivism
B) almost 100% recidivism
C) high levels of recidivism
D) arguments over the impact
E) none of the above

Question 17

Cohen estimates that small reductions in crime require only minimal increases in the percent of people sentenced to prison.

Question 18

Greenwood suggests it is possible to reduce robbery by 15 percent while lowering the California prison population by 5 percent.