Deck 7: Psychologists As Testers: Applying Psychology, Ordering Society

Question 1

Robert Yerkes led the ____ during World War I.

A)Standardized Test Committee
B)Committee on the Classification of Personnel
C)Committee on the Psychological Examination of Recruits
D)Committee on the Personality Testing of Recruits

Answer 1

Committee on the Psychological Examination of Recruits

Question 2

By the early 1900s, several statistical, correlational techniques had been developed.Mental tests were shown to have which of the following relationships with academic achievement?

A)Results on mental tests were highly correlated with academic achievement.
B)Results on mental tests had no correlation with academic achievement.
C)Results on mental tests partially correlated with levels of academic achievement.
D)Results on mental tests were only predictive of academic achievement under specific conditions.

Answer 2

Results on mental tests had no correlation with academic achievement.

Question 3

One of Lewis Terman's most recognized contributions to psychology was

A)the practice of multiplying the quotient of mental age over chronological age by 100 to arrive at an IQ score.
B)the development of the concept of mental age.
C)his partnership with Binet in the development of the original Binet intelligence test.
D)his work administering mental tests to the immigrants arriving at Ellis Island.

Answer 3

the practice of multiplying the quotient of mental age over chronological age by 100 to arrive at an IQ score.

Question 4

In which venue did psychologists first showcase mental testing to the public?

A)The Stanford Psychology Exposition of 1893
B)The World's Columbian Exposition of 1893
C)The Paris World's Fair of 1889
D)The National Psychology Conference at Columbia University in 1901

Question 5

Unlike Binet, Goddard viewed intelligence as

A)multifaceted.
B)influenced by the environment and changeable.
C)untestable.
D)innate and largely unchangeable.

Question 6

The first psychology clinic was established by

A)Sigmund Freud.
B)Francis Galton.
C)James McKeen Cattell.
D)Lightner Witmer.

Question 7

A common belief about gender differences at the end of the 19th century was that men and women were different in the nature of their mental traits.This belief is known as

A)the comparability hypothesis.
B)the complementary hypothesis.
C)the variability hypothesis.
D)none of the above.

Question 8

Cattell was an instrumental figure in establishing the boundaries of the new science of Psychology.He did so by

A)publishing a controversial yet influential textbook on the advantages of mental testing.
B)arguing that Psychology's relationship with the medical field needed to be grounded on their similarities instead of their differences.
C)founding the first laboratory of psychology in the United States.
D)stating that Psychology was scientific because it was built on a foundation of experiment and measurement, much like the physical sciences.

Question 9

After World War I, the number of women in Psychology increased and a separate sphere of women's work in Psychology developed.Regardless of this development, men were given preference for academic positions and women were advised to use their training for

A)clinical, vocational, or educational settings.
B)child rearing.
C)child guidance clinics.
D)educational settings only.

Question 10

Which one of the following psychologists first published an article using the term mental test?

A)Wilhelm Wundt
B)Lewis Terman
C)James McKeen Cattell
D)Francis Galton

Question 11

Henry Herbart Goddard's "solution" to preventing feebleminded people from ruining America's genetic stock involved

A)forced sterilization for all people considered "morons."
B)segregation and institutionalization of the feebleminded so they could not reproduce.
C)forced intelligence quotient (IQ) testing and public identification of all people considered to be feebleminded.
D)testing of individuals born in high-risk groups shortly after birth and at specific intervals to track their level of functioning.

Question 12

Women who pursued higher education were often believed to be "functionally castrated," meaning

A)as women's intellect was nurtured, it was believed that their reproductive capacities would diminish.
B)most women who pursued higher education did so because they could not have children.
C)women's sexual attractiveness decreased in proportion to their level of education.
D)women in university were not interested in sex.

Question 13

The Kallikak study supposedly provided evidence for Goddard's eugenicist agenda and can be described as

A)the use of Mendelian genetics to support eugenicist policies.
B)an empirical investigation of the biological lineage of eminent families.
C)the use of the Kallikak family as evidence that "bad" genes resulted in feebleminded offspring while "good" genes resulted in higher intellectual functioning.
D)a solid piece of scientific work.

Question 14

Francis Galton's data showed that the prevalence of eminence in society was

A)24%.
B)10%.
C)2%.
D)0.5%.

Question 15

Alfred Binet viewed intelligence as

A)unchangeable.
B)genetically based.
C)synonymous with academic level.
D)multifaceted.

Question 16

While studying under Wundt, Cattell became interested in examining individual differences in reaction times.Wundt was more interested in studying

A)similarities between minds.
B)how mental testing could be applied to everyday life.
C)cerebral localization.
D)none of the above.

Question 17

Although Witmer established the clinical method in the early 1900s, clinical psychology as an established field did not fully emerge until

A)1936.
B)after World War II.
C)the late 1920s.
D)the early 1940s.

Question 18

For her graduate research, Helen Bradford Thompson Woolley undertook the first large-scale empirical study of the mental trait differences between men and women.Her findings suggested that

A)a much greater degree of similarity of mental traits existed between men and women than previously thought.
B)as traditionally believed, men and women differed on a significant number of mental traits.
C)women differed from men only on level of emotionality.
D)no differences existed in the cognitive and mental functions of men and women.

Question 19

Francis Galton's position that eminent men and women should be encouraged to intermarry and produce offspring is called

A)positive eugenics.
B)negative eugenics.
C)the theory of eminence.
D)the eugenic proliferation theory.

Question 20

Leta Stetter Hollingworth was instrumental in debunking the commonly held belief that

A)men are intellectually superior to women across all domains.
B)women would become "functionally castrated" if given the opportunity for higher education.
C)women have impaired motor and cognitive abilities during menstruation.
D)women and men were more similar across all domains than previously thought, with the exception of emotionality.

Question 21

The pillarization of Dutch society can be defined as

A)the separation of church and state, whereby religious teachings were entirely removed from the educational system and government procedures.
B)the creation of separate Protestant, Catholic, and Neutral systems of education, employment, health, leisure, art, and so on.
C)the construction of academic streams in Dutch public schools.
D)a hierarchical social structure based on class.

Question 22

The results of World War I army intelligence testing were shocking but widely accepted as valid by the American public.One of the main consequences of the results of the army testing was

A)increased fears about degeneracy and unchecked immigration.
B)increased funding to law enforcement and prisons to get degenerates off the streets.
C)increased funding to social work agencies to help juvenile delinquents.
D)generalized fear that America's national security was in the hands of incapable soldiers.

Question 23

William Stern's theoretical approach, called differential psychology, was developed to

A)emphasize the importance of understanding the totality of personality in its individuality.
B)place a greater emphasis on the social factors that affect our everyday experiences.
C)examine cultural and racial assumptions that are often unconscious and automatic.
D)provide a more reductionistic approach to understanding an individual's intelligence.

Question 24

Which of the following was an important outcome of Psychology's involvement in World War I?

A)Psychologists had the opportunity to refine clinical and therapeutic techniques on veterans experiencing shell shock.
B)Psychologists' development of mass intelligence testing provided further evidence to the medical profession that psychologists were legitimate professionals.
C)Psychologists were seen as intensely patriotic.
D)World War I provided psychologists with an opportunity to showcase the tools of their trade to the American public and the military.

Question 25

The Army Alpha test was designed for ____ recruits, while the Army Beta was designed for ____ recruits.

A)White; non-White
B)American; immigrant
C)men; women
D)literate; illiterate