Deck 4: Pioneers of Modern Teaching

Question 1

The teaching of Latin utilizing the student's vernacular language was emphasized by

A) Comenius.
C) Froebel.
B) Dewey.
D) Spencer.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Sarah believes that schools too often get in the way of meaningful education.She wants to start her own school where children will have fewer textbooks and rules and more unstructured, firsthand experiences with the world.Which of the following theorists is most relevant to Sarah's beliefs?

A) Comenius
C) Montessori
B) Spencer
D) Rousseau

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The naturalist theory provided that children___________________.

A) are primarily good and nature provides the cues for education
B) are born to evil and corrupt by nature
C) are developed through forceful teaching
D) are born to evil and reformed through authoritarian teachers

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Jan Komensky (Comenius) was best known for _____________ ideal in the education of young children.

A) pioneering the peace education
C) the religious perspectives
B) the need for environments
D) the authoritarian education

Question 5

Katherine, an elementary school teacher, believes that children are by nature prone to mean and unruly behavior and that part of a teacher's job is to be a firm disciplinarian to help children overcome these tendencies.Katherine's ideas are most similar to which of the following?

A) child naturalism
C) child depravity theory
B) tabula rasa
D) utilitarian education

Question 6

Comenius sought to develop an efficient method of instruction based on the

A) child depravity theory.
C) principles of child development.
B) curriculum correlation.
D) use of rote learning.

Question 7

Herbart was noted for incorporating history and literature into the curriculum.He did this to

A) replace the classical Greek and Latin languages.
B) study the lives of great people of the past and how they made their moral decisions.
C) place events in their proper chronological order.
D) have students actively challenge the ideas of the past's great leaders.

Question 8

Rousseau broke with many educational philosophers in his belief that

A) parents should be forced to spend a great deal of time directly involved with the education of their own children.
B) children should not come under the direct influence of the Church until well into their teen years so that their minds could develop free of religious doctrine.
C) schools should be public and open to every child.
D) adult coercion negatively influences children's development.

Question 9

Antonia's dream is to establish her own primary school-one that educates the "whole child" and that has teachers who help children feel safe, secure, and cared for.Which of the following educational theorists should she study for ideas that may help her plan her school?

A) Spencer
C) Rousseau
B) Piaget
D) Pestalozzi

Question 10

Rousseau believed that the school as an institution

A) met children's emotional needs.
C) failed to insist on rigorous standards.
B) corrupted children.
D) reflected the best in society.

Question 11

The teachings of ________________ emphasized that children's interactions with their environments was the most effective way to learn new information.

A) Comenius and Piaget
C) Froebel and Spencer
B) Dewey and Piaget
D) Spencer and Rousseau

Question 12

The use of teaching methods based on sensation and learner readiness was pioneered by

A) Comenius.
C) Froebel.
B) Dewey.
D) Spencer.

Question 13

Which of the following ideas was not shared by Pestalozzi and Rousseau?

A) Human emotions are important in learning.
B) Knowing, is understanding nature, its patterns, and its laws.
C) Group instruction is the proper way to organize students.
D) Traditional schooling was dull and mind-numbing because of memorization and recitation.

Question 14

Pestalozzi believed that teachers needed to develop

A) expertise in Greek and Latin.
C) authoritarian instructional approaches.
B) special instruction for gifted students.
D) secure and loving environments.

Question 15

The teachings of _______________ structured learning environments based on the child's development.

A) Comenius and Dewey
C) Piaget and Froebel
B) Dewey and Spencer
D) Montessori and Froebel

Question 16

The child depravity theory held that the corruptive weakness of children could be corrected by

A) authoritarian teaching techniques.
C) naturalistic teaching approaches.
B) developmentally appropriate teaching.
D) social interaction with peers.

Question 17

Several educators discussed in this chapter proposed that children should have direct and immediate experience with nature, often through self-directed activities.Yet other educators proposed a more directive experience to be sure that the children came in contact with certain content.Analyze the merits and problems of each approach.

Question 18

________________'s principle included respecting children's natural needs and rejecting the child depravity doctrine.

A) Comenius
C) Froebel
B) Dewey
D) Spencer

Question 19

Develop a direct comparison between Montessori's and Piaget's philosophies and discuss how their environments may vary.

Question 20

Froebel believed that future teachers should reflect repeatedly on their own childhood experiences for insights that they can apply to their teaching.What have your childhood experiences taught you about how students learn and how you should teach? Based on these lessons from your experience, with which educational theorist discussed in Chapter 4 do you have the most in common? Why?

Question 21

Based on the stage-learning theory of development, Piaget qualitatively developed __________ theories of cognitive development

A) 2
C) 4
B) 6
D) 8

Question 22

According to Dewey, schools translate cultural heritage, and people use this heritage to

A) alter the social sciences.
C) develop the history curriculum.
B) solve their problems.
D) compete against others.

Question 23

The kindergarten was designed to cultivate

A) the child's self-activity only.
B) values of the child's cultural heritage only.
C) the child's socialization only.
D) all of the above.

Question 24

The process by which competition would bring about gradual but inevitable progress is

A) induction.
C) the scientific method.
B) naturalism.
D) Social Darwinism.

Question 25

Jean Piaget's principles of learning are based primarily on

A) the child's cognitive development.
C) the child's physical development.
B) the child's moral development.
D) the child's emotional development

Question 26

In his native Brazil, Paulo Freire developed the philosophy of ___________________.

A) the whole child
C) liberation pedagogy
B) cognitive mapping
D) emotional development

Question 27

Piaget's highest level of cognitive development is the __________ period, where individuals deal with logical propositions and construct abstract hypotheses.

A) preoperational
C) sensorimotor
B) formal operational
D) concrete operational

Question 28

The curriculum and activities that Dewey proposed for schools

A) are based on classical literature.
B) culminate in reflecting on and testing the consequences of action.
C) were required to be recorded in curriculum guides for others to use.
D) had to be developed by content experts in the various disciplines.

Question 29

Preplanned materials and learning exercises designed to develop the practical, sensory, and formal skills of children were designed by

A) Dewey.
C) Montessori.
B) Spencer.
D) Rousseau.

Question 30

A social economic change that occurred during Pestalozzi's lifetime that influenced the course of educational thinking was __________________.

A) the Depression.
C) the early industrial revolution.
B) World War II.
D) the Korean War.

Question 31

The education pioneer who suggested that teachers should design their classrooms as learning centers stocked with materials that engage children's curiosity and stimulate their explorations was

A) Jane Addams.
C) Jean Piaget.
B) Herbert Spencer.
D) John Dewey.

Question 32

Rousseau originally believed that people were "noble savages," ________________________.

A) innocent, free and uncorrupted.
B) restrained, jailed and corrupt in their ideals.
C) pure and driven to change.
D) able to adapt to all social situations.

Question 33

The Casa dei Bambini was a school designed in the slums of Rome that demonstrated the prepared environment and principles of ______________.

A) Comenius
C) Froebel
B) Dewey
D) Montessori

Question 34

In your elementary classroom, you use hands-on methods that encourage students to inquire for themselves about various ideas and problems in the curriculum's subjects.Several parents have criticized your approach, saying that you pay too little attention to systematic subject-matter learning.You have a great deal in common with which famous educator?

A) Dewey
C) Rousseau
B) Spencer
D) Comenius

Question 35

Of the educators discussed in Chapter 3, Luis finds the ideas of Maria Montessori to be most relevant to the area in which he is seeking certification, so he plans to try to learn more about her thinking.Of the following specializations, which is most likely to be the one Luis is pursuing?

A) elementary physical education
C) secondary science education
B) middle-school social studies education
D) early childhood education

Question 36

Beginning with Comenius (and continuing via the work of twentieth-century thinkers such as Dewey) philosophical attitudes toward education began to change in what way?

A) Approaches to education came to be centered on the child as a learner and on the child's relationship to the environment.
B) They became much more focused on the ability of adults to participate in growing economic systems.
C) The growth of democracies in Europe and the United States led to an emphasis in education on participation in government.
D) As educational philosophers rediscovered the teachings of pre-Renaissance philosophers, schools began to emphasize what has come to be called liberal arts.

Question 37

Which of the following best describes a trend beginning in the philosophical views of Comenius and culminating in the work of Freire?

A) Schools should provide an education in the best interest of the child, while at the same time serving the social, economic, and democratic needs of society.
B) Schools should provide an education that meets both the intellectual and the vocational needs of society.
C) Schools should be organized to dictate the academic and moral needs of children.
D) Schools should create an environment that supports classical studies of the liberal arts.

Question 38

According to Froebel, the paramount influence in the kindergarten classroom was

A) the curriculum.
C) parental support.
B) learners' interests.
D) the personality of the teacher.

Question 39

For John Dewey, education's sole purpose is to contribute to

A) the cultivation of intellectual virtues.
B) the moral development of the individual.
C) peace and human understanding.
D) the personal and social growth of the individual.

Question 40

You just took a job teaching in a primary school.The principal has told you that the school's mission envisions each classroom becoming a "prepared environment" for encouraging self-development and socialization.These ideas are based on

A) Rousseau's view of society.
C) Friere's view of curriculum.
B) Froebel's view of the kindergarten.
D) Piaget's principles of learning.

Question 41

Describe Marie Montessori's effects on the American education system? Where might you see her influence?

Question 42

What is the basis for Friedrich Froebel's philosophy of early childhood education?

Question 43

Why was Dewey considered an advocate of democratic schooling?

Question 44

What were the stages of growth that Rousseau identified and what is the significance of these stages to educators?

Question 45

Rebelling against gender restrictions, __________ developed a philosophy of socialized education.

A) Montessori
C) Froebel
B) Addams
D) Spencer

Question 46

Why did Froebel consider the teacher's behavior so important in working with young children?

Question 47

Identify advantages and disadvantages of respecting children's natural needs and interests, as proposed by Comenius.

Question 48

Describe the three major areas of the Montessori curriculum.

Question 49

What are some guiding practices that you as a teacher can begin to implement from Piaget's theory?

Question 50

Provide an overview of Jane Addams' background and influence on education.

Question 51

What is the child depravity theory, and why was it so difficult for educators to overcome support for it?

Question 52

Describe the four primary stages of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Question 53

Summarize the key points of Herbert Spencer's "Social Darwinism."

Question 54

Because of Jane Addams' work with immigrants in Chicago, teachers now see the importance of ____________.

A) economics.
C) technical trends.
B) demographics.
D) all of the above.

Question 55

What role in education does Paulo Freire propose for teachers?

Question 56

What direct relationship did Friedrich Froebel and Pestalozzi share?