Deck 5: Coping With and Reducing Stress

Question 1

Biofeedback has been demonstrated to be more cost effective and useful than relaxation training alone.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Match the methods of coping listed with their description
"This situation is unpleasant, but maybe some good will come of it."

A)progressive relaxation
B)denial
C)cognitive restructuring
D)time management
E)informational control

Answer 2

cognitive restructuring

Question 3

To date, efforts to develop a reliable and valid research instrument to measure coping have not been very successful.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Match the following techniques with their descriptions
Involves the use of progressive muscle relaxation paired with a fear hierarchy.

A)systematic desensitization
B)biofeedback
C)modeling
D)cognitive therapy
E)stress inoculation training

Question 5

According to Richard Lazarus, emotion focused coping is aimed at controlling stress by either reducing demands of the situation or expanding resources to deal with it.

Question 6

Match the methods of coping listed with their description
"I can't possibly have cancer! Your test must be inaccurate!"

A)progressive relaxation
B)denial
C)cognitive restructuring
D)time management
E)informational control

Question 7

Research has indicated that progressive muscle relaxation is effective with children or adolescents.

Question 8

Time management techniques are rarely part of a stress management program.

Question 9

Children between the ages of 7 to 14 are more suggestible to hypnosis than adults.

Question 10

Match the following techniques with their descriptions
Based on the belief that our incorrect or maladaptive attitudes need to be disputed.

A)systematic desensitization
B)biofeedback
C)modeling
D)cognitive therapy
E)stress inoculation training

Question 11

Mr. Goodwin is a well known accountant in town who makes a large salary and is CEO of a large bank. We might expect his social network to contain many non kin members.

Question 12

Match the following techniques with their descriptions
Little Ashley was afraid of clowns until she saw her older brother Joshua shake one's hand.

A)systematic desensitization
B)biofeedback
C)modeling
D)cognitive therapy
E)stress inoculation training

Question 13

Match the methods of coping listed with their description
"The doctor told me that I'll feel some unusual pressure in my back during this procedure. I've got to remember that."

A)progressive relaxation
B)denial
C)cognitive restructuring
D)time management
E)informational control

Question 14

Match the following techniques with their descriptions
Designed by Meichenbaum, this program involves steps of conceptualization, skills acquisition and application.

A)systematic desensitization
B)biofeedback
C)modeling
D)cognitive therapy
E)stress inoculation training

Question 15

One of the primary factors in the stress experienced by transgender people is the stigma they encounter in their daily lives.

Question 16

Cognitive therapy might be best characterized as a type of modeling or observational learning technique.

Question 17

Match the following techniques with their descriptions
Questioned due to the cost and complications of the equipment necessary as compared to benefits received.

A)systematic desensitization
B)biofeedback
C)modeling
D)cognitive therapy
E)stress inoculation training

Question 18

Match the methods of coping listed with their description
Includes setting goals and making lists in order to control stress.

A)progressive relaxation
B)denial
C)cognitive restructuring
D)time management
E)informational control

Question 19

Marla has just been told she has a serious disease, but tells her best friend that the doctor must be mistaken. She is using the defense strategy known as denial.

Question 20

Match the methods of coping listed with their description
Involves tensing specific muscle groups.

A)progressive relaxation
B)denial
C)cognitive restructuring
D)time management
E)informational control

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT an emotion focused coping approach

A) trying to see the positive side of a stressful situation
B) taking one's anger out on another person
C) getting busy with other things to keep one's mind off a problem
D) trying to find out more about the stressful situation

Question 22

According to the text, disadvantaged persons are more likely to experience

A) the belief that they have little control over events in their lives.
B) more stressful events.
C) less effective coping.
D) all of the above

Question 23

Which of the following persons is likely to experience stress

A) 5 year-old Amy
B) 15 year-old Eric
C) 40 year-old Leslie
D) all of the above people

Question 24

Which of the following is true about the relationship between perceived discrepancy and the experience of stress

A) Although it was believed for some time that a positive relationship existed between the two, new research indicates that no relationship exists.
B) Efforts at coping are done to reduce perceived discrepancies.
C) When we are stressed, our ability to perceive discrepancies between demands and resources declines severely.
D) Only actual discrepancies, not perceived discrepancies, are related to the experience of stress.

Question 25

A perceived discrepancy between the demands of a situation and the resources of a person is involved in

A) disease.
B) stress.
C) happiness.
D) none of the above

Question 26

Which of the following are problems with instruments thus far developed to measure overall coping

A) They expect coping to correlate well with mental or physical health.
B) They are generally retrospective measures.
C) They aren't accurate measures of coping.
D) all of the above

Question 27

Problem focused coping is LEAST likely to be used under which of the following situations

A) job loss
B) final exams
C) interpersonal conflicts
D) death in the family

Question 28

Compared to middle-aged adults, older adults tend to see stressors as

A) easy to change.
B) nothing to worry about.
C) difficult to change.
D) easily addressed by problem-focused coping strategies.

Question 29

Which of the following statements about social networks is true

A) men use their social support networks more effectively.
B) The elderly are likely to have extensive social support networks.
C) The nature of social support networks is not related to social prestige, income or education level.
D) The use of social and helping organizations as support networks is no greater now than it was decades ago.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT an example of behavioural coping

A) using alcohol
B) denying unpleasant facts
C) watching TV to distract attention from a problem
D) seeking support from friends

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT true about the coping process

A) It may include avoiding a potentially stressful situation.
B) It involves ongoing transactions with the environment.
C) It is not a single event.
D) It does not include avoidance behaviour.

Question 32

Can both problem-focused and emotion-focused coping be used together

A) Yes, they can but it's generally unwise to do so.
B) Yes, they can and this is frequently done.
C) No. Problem-focused coping is always best to use.
D) No. Emotion-focused coping is always best to use.

Question 33

When a person copes with stress by actively processing and expressing their feelings, they are engaging in

A) denial.
B) emotional approach.
C) problem-focused coping.
D) stress inoculation.

Question 34

Positive emotions affect coping by

A) helping us sustain our coping efforts.
B) distracting us from our stress.
C) reducing the effectiveness of our coping efforts.
D) helping us find meaning to our suffering.

Question 35

Greg has immersed himself completely in his job since the death of his wife. He is likely to be engaging in

A) problem focused coping.
B) emotion focused coping.
C) drug abuse.
D) denial of her death.

Question 36

According to Lazarus, coping serves to

A) alter the problem.
B) regulate our emotional response to the problem.
C) prevent stress completely.
D) both a and b

Question 37

Which of the following statements is true about avoidance approaches

A) They are rarely used as coping strategies.
B) They are beneficial at all stages in the coping process.
C) In general, they are more effective than attention-promoting strategies.
D) They are most beneficial during the first few weeks of a prolonged stress experience.

Question 38

People tend to use problem‐focused approaches when

A) they believe their resources or the demands of the situation are constant.
B) they believe their resources or the demands of the situation are changeable.
C) they are alone and coping without the support of others.
D) they are lower in socioeconomic status.

Question 39

Which of the following statements regarding the use of coping strategies is true

A) People tend to use the same coping strategy regardless of the type of stressor they confront.
B) There is no relationship between coping strategies and genetic influence.
C) People never use the same strategy twice, even for the same stressor.
D) No one coping method is used or is effective in all stressful situations.

Question 40

Which of the following persons is engaging in cognitive redefinition

A) Tim lectures himself about not getting medical treatment sooner.
B) Maggie tells herself that she is much better off than Tara because her own condition is not as serious.
C) Sergio gets opinions from several specialists before deciding on a treatment.
D) Daphne goes out with friends every night so she doesn't have to think about her upcoming surgery.

Question 41

The most clearly effective methods in preparing people for the stress of surgery

A) involve hypnosis.
B) are psychotherapies.
C) involve drug treatment.
D) enhance feelings of control.

Question 42

Which of the following is an accurate assessment of the research findings on the relationship between anxiety and exercise

A) There is no effect of exercise on anxiety.
B) Exercise and decreased anxiety are correlated, but the cause of this relationship is not clear.
C) Exercise seems to increase anxiety in some cases.
D) Exercise has positive effects only in the young.

Question 43

Benzodiazepines are to ____ nervous system as beta-blockers are to _____ nervous system.

A) sympathetic; parasympathetic
B) central; peripheral
C) peripheral; central
D) parasympathetic; sympathetic

Question 44

Which of the following is not a part of effective time management

A) Goal setting.
B) Delaying urgent new tasks until the next day.
C) Establishing a schedule.
D) Prioritizing the day's activities.

Question 45

According to the text, what role does a community have in enhancing social support

A) It can actively increase opportunities for social support by creating programs and making facilities available for group gatherings.
B) Communities can do the most by leaving social support up to private and social service agencies.
C) Most people seeking social support find community efforts to be ineffective.
D) Most people seeking social support find community efforts to be intrusive.

Question 46

Using a deep breathing technique to control pain during an invasive procedure is an example of

A) hypnosis.
B) biofeedback.
C) behavioural control.
D) cognitive control.

Question 47

Which statement regarding informational control of anxiety is NOT true

A) More information always reduces anxiety.
B) You can "know too much,'' and actually increase anxiety.
C) Informational control has limits when the patient is a child.
D) both b & c

Question 48

Which of the following is an accurate conclusion based on the research findings regarding the relationship between exercise and physiological measures

A) Regular exercise lowers heart rate and blood pressure.
B) Exercise lowers heart rates but not blood pressure.
C) Stress has the same health impact on people regardless of fitness level.
D) Sports exercise promotes the greatest reduction in heart rate.

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT true of systematic desensitization

A) It is based on classical conditioning.
B) It incorporates the use of muscle relaxation.
C) It uses psychoanalytic theories.
D) It can be used with both adults and children.

Question 50

Allowing workers to have some control over their work hours, which tasks to work on, and the order in which they do them are examples of

A) avoidance.
B) intellectualization.
C) stress driven coping.
D) enhancing personal control.

Question 51

Teresa, who has breast cancer, has read several books on treatment for breast cancer and has watched a video on mastectomy surgery. She is exercising

A) hopelessness.
B) behavioural control.
C) cognitive control.
D) informational control.

Question 52

The technique of progressive muscle relaxation involves

A) progressively increasing the use of muscle relaxants such as beta-blockers.
B) alternately tightening and relaxing specific muscle groups.
C) alternating between relaxation exercises and the use of beta-blockers.
D) the use of hypnosis.

Question 53

According to the minority stress model, members of minority groups are more likely to experience stress than the general population due to

A) increased job discrimination specifically.
B) less adequate health care.
C) increased social isolation.
D) the hostile social environment created by stigma, prejudice, and discrimination.

Question 54

Which of the following are true regarding beta-blockers They

A)cause extreme drowsiness and thus are rarely used.
B) are used less frequently than benzodiazepines.
C) block the actions of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
D) block the activation of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 55

Benzodiazepines and beta blockers are

A) pharmacological methods of stress management.
B) highly recommended for long term use.
C) informational control methods.
D) forms of psychosocial stress interventions.

Question 56

Conclusions regarding the use of progressive muscle relaxation in stress reduction interventions suggest that

A) a quick version may be used once the regular procedure has been mastered.
B) these techniques work only on adults.
C) these techniques work only on children.
D) it has been found to be only modestly effective in reducing stress.

Question 57

Irving Janis suggested that preoperative fear is related to postoperative recovery and adjustment. What was the nature of the relationship he suggested

A) Low levels of preoperative fear are related to worsened recovery and adjustment.
B) High levels of preoperative fear are related to worsened recovery and adjustment.
C) Preoperative fear is related to poor recovery but only in children or the elderly.
D) Preoperative fear affects postoperative adjustment but has little impact on recovery.

Question 58

When it comes to providing young children with information prior to a medical procedure, what strategy seems to be most effective

A) Providing the information only to their parents.
B) Letting them handle all the surgical tools before the surgery.
C) Providing them with information about the sensations they will experience.
D) Telling them that crying will ease their fear.

Question 59

What do we know from research on self-help groups about their effectiveness

A) Groups that have been around the longest, like Alcohols Anonymous are the most effective.
B) Only women benefit from being in such groups.
C) Being in a self-help group only helps early in a stress crisis.
D) Researchers really don't have good data on which support groups work best.

Question 60

Andrew is extremely afraid of snakes. To deal with this problem, he is first shown a picture of snakes and told to relax while looking at it. He is likely receiving the treatment known as

A) systematic desensitization.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) biofeedback.
D) cognitive restructuring.

Question 61

Research on the use of hypnosis in stress reduction has found that

A) it works better than many other methods in reducing stress.
B) treatment depends on how suggestible participants are to hypnosis.
C) hypnosis is not necessarily more effective than other relaxation techniques.
D) both b and c.

Question 62

Meichenbaum's stress inoculation training includes which of the following processes

A) hypothesis testing and relaxation
B) conceptualization, skills acquisition & rehearsal, skills application.
C) modeling and biofeedback.
D) symbolic modeling and cognitive restructuring.

Question 63

In Beck's cognitive therapy approach the focus is on

A) changing maladaptive thought patterns.
B) helping clients see that they are not responsible for all the problems they encounter.
C) treating erroneous beliefs as though they are hypotheses to be tested.
D) all of the above

Question 64

Biofeedback uses the principles of ___________ to treat fears.

A) psychoanalysis
B) informational control
C) classical conditioning
D) operant conditioning

Question 65

Compare and contrast emotion-focused and problem-focused coping.

Question 66

The process of replacing stress-provoking thoughts with thoughts that are more constructive is called

A) systematic desensitization.
B) intellectualization
C) cognitive restructuring
D) rationalization

Question 67

In systematic desensitization, the next higher step in a stimulus hierarchy is presented when the

A) person's fear is greatest.
B) person is calm during the previous step.
C) person has gone to sleep.
D) fee for the previous step is paid.

Question 68

Dr. Smith believes that the most effective way to treat stress is to use many different techniques since stress and coping are complex experiences. She believes in the use of _____ approaches.

A) multidimensional therapy
B) rational-emotive therapy
C) systematic desensitization
D) stress inoculation

Question 69

In the process of counterconditioning, feelings of calm are considered to be

A) both the UR and the CR.
B) both the US and the CS.
C) both the US and the UR.
D) the CR only.

Question 70

The concepts of "musterbating" and "can't-stand-itis" are forms of _____ ways of thinking according to Albert Ellis.

A) illogical
B) stressed
C) irrational
D) restructured

Question 71

In their 'DeStress for Success' stress reduction program for adolescents, Sonia Lupien and her colleagues used which of the following approaches

A) educational workshops to teach students how to recognize and cope better with stress
B) educational workshops to teach students how to talk about stress with their parents
C) educational workshops to teach students how to meditate
D) cognitive behavioural therapy combined with mindfulness-based meditation techniques

Question 72

Findings regarding children and biofeedback include the observations that

A) their shorter attention span may create a problem in sessions.
B) a small percentage of young children are frightened of the equipment.
C) children are more likely than adults to practice their training at home.
D) all of the above

Question 73

Melamed used modeling procedures to reduce stress in young people anticipating surgery. She found that young children with previous experience with surgery

A) showed increased anxiety if they were under the age of 8.
B) did not understand the procedures.
C) had the greater anxiety reduction than the older participants.
D) were more responsive to in vivo experiences than symbolic representations.

Question 74

Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of massage as a stress reduction technique

A) It has not been found to be effective in reducing stress but does seem to improve immune function.
B) Light massage works better than deep tissue massage.
C) Deep tissue massage has been linked to stress reduction and improved immune function.
D) There is no research evidence to support the use of massage as a stress reduction technique.

Question 75

Research comparing meditating and nonmeditating participants found

A) Meditating participants had greater decreases in blood pressure and lower levels of anxiety.
B) Nonmeditating participants had greater decreases in blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration rate.
C) There were no differences in blood pressure, heart rate, or respiration rate between the two groups.
D) Meditation only works to reduce blood pressure while the person is meditating.

Question 76

Systematic desensitization is based upon the view that fears are learned through the process known as

A) operant conditioning.
B) modeling.
C) behavioural control.
D) classical conditioning.

Question 77

Dr. Chu believes that his patient, Samuel, has learned his fear of snakes from watching his mother's negative reactions to snakes. Dr. Chu believes in a(n) _____ explanation of stress-related behaviour.

A) behavioural control
B) biofeedback
C) observational learning
D) classical conditioning

Question 78

Studies on the effectiveness of biofeedback indicate that

A) biofeedback is an ineffective intervention.
B) muscle relaxation is far superior to biofeedback.
C) children are unable to benefit from biofeedback.
D) children are better biofeedback subjects than adults.

Question 79

A graded sequence of approximations to a feared stimulus is called

A) a classical situation.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) a stimulus hierarchy.
D) imagery.

Question 80

Allen's doctor is teaching him a cognitive technique to reduce his stress in which he is learning to identify stressful life situations, generate lists of possible solutions to the situations and decide on best courses of action to resolve them. Allen is learning

A) biofeedback.
B) problem-solving training.
C) stress inoculation.
D) cognitive restructuring.