Deck 13: Peer Relationships

Question 1

The majority of children's play after the age of _____ is social.

A)1 year
B)2 years
C)4 years
D)7 years

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Voluntary activities, particularly those of children, with no specific motivation beyond their inherent enjoyment are referred to as

A)actions.
B)behaviours.
C)social skills.
D)play.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Children who are victimized by their peers tend to be

A)isolated.
B)lonely.
C)depressed.
D)isolated, lonely, and depressed.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A factor that does NOT increase the likelihood that an adolescent will be negatively influenced by a friend's behaviour is the

A)friend having high status in the peer group.
B)adolescent having a high general susceptibility to peer influence.
C)adolescent being under the age of 16.
D)adolescent's parent being cold and detached.

Question 5

Bree is 3 years old and is at preschool. She watches two of her peers play with toy trucks and asks them what they are trying to do. However, she does not ask to join in the play. She is engaging in _____ play.

A)unoccupied
B)parallel
C)onlooker
D)solitary

Question 6

Which factor does NOT help protect victimized children?

A)having a number of friendships
B)having friends who are liked by peers
C)having friendships of high quality
D)having no close friendships

Question 7

The children in Gavin's class are asked to name the children they like the most and the children they like the least. Many of Gavin's classmates list him as one of the children they like the least, and few list him as one of the children they like the most. Gavin would be classified as

A)neglected.
B)rejected.
C)controversial.
D)popular.

Question 8

Rejected children are more likely than better-liked children to

A)have a goal to get along with other children.
B)attribute hostile intent to others.
C)suggest varied strategies for resolving difficult social situations.
D)refrain from threatening popular children when asked to solve a conflict with a peer.

Question 9

Which category of children is MOST likely to have difficulties in the academic domain?

A)popular
B)neglected
C)average
D)aggressive-rejected

Question 10

When having a negative experience, children's stress reactions

A)are higher when a best friend observes the event.
B)are more stable when a best friend is present for the experience.
C)do not differ according to the presence of a best friend but do differ according to the presence of unfamiliar peers.
D)display none of these patterns.

Question 11

The study in which teams of 10-year-old children were asked to write a story about rain forests demonstrated that

A)boys were better able to cooperate with their peers in this context than were girls.
B)boys were less able to cooperate with their peers in this context than were girls.
C)stories written by teams of friends were of higher quality than were stories written by teams of nonfriends.
D)stories written by teams of friends were of lower quality than were stories written by teams of nonfriends.

Question 12

CCPT has been shown to improve all of these EXCEPT

A)aggression.
B)social skills.
C)anxiety.
D)intelligence.

Question 13

It has been hypothesized that children who are _____ have an underdeveloped theory of mind.

A)popular
B)controversial
C)rejected
D)neglected

Question 14

Explanations about the acceptability of feelings and how to appropriately deal with them is known as

A)parental monitoring.
B)emotion coaching.
C)peer coaching.
D)peer monitoring.

Question 15

Compared with average children, those categorized as neglected tend to be

A)more aggressive.
B)more disruptive.
C)less sociable.
D)more anxious about social interactions.

Question 16

Relational aggression does NOT involve

A)withholding friendship.
B)spreading rumours.
C)physical harm.
D)exclusion of others.

Question 17

Researchers have found that adolescents who are not socially anxious or lonely use the Internet for communication more often than those who are socially anxious and lonely. This finding supports

A)increased control over interactions in teen friendships.
B)the rich-get-richer hypothesis.
C)reduced emphasis on physical appearance via the use of online communication.
D)the social-compensation hypothesis.

Question 18

Cultural differences in values and expectations about the skills that are necessary for children appear NOT to be associated with

A)parents' concern for children's well-being.
B)parental gatekeeping of peer interactions.
C)parents' beliefs about the importance of peer relations.
D)children's behaviour when they are in social interactions with peers.

Question 19

Which statement BEST reflects research on the long-term benefits of friendships?

A)Children with friends in elementary school are better adjusted on a variety of measures in middle childhood and adulthood.
B)The benefits of having many unreciprocated friendships can outweigh the benefits of having a single best friend.
C)Having best friendships causes children to exhibit fewer problems in middle childhood.
D)Having best friendships causes children to exhibit fewer problems in adulthood.

Question 20

Which attribute is NOT a common characteristic of children's friendships?

A)same-sex members
B)intimacy
C)involve conflict
D)aggression

Question 21

Children and adolescents tend to be more similar to their friends than to their nonfriends in all of these EXCEPT

A)acceptance by peers.
B)depression.
C)self-perceptions of competence.
D)eye colour.

Question 22

Which statement about the support provided to school-age children by friends is NOT true?

A)Friends' ability to provide children with support in unfamiliar situations begins at approximately age 9.
B)Having friendships, regardless of the quality, is a significant buffer against loneliness.
C)Chronic friendlessness is associated with depression.
D)Children who do not have friends fare just as well as those that do.

Question 23

Social support from parents is lowest and social support from friends is highest

A)at age 9.
B)at the beginning of puberty.
C)between ages 16 and 18.
D)at age 13.

Question 24

Research indicates that compared to preschool children who were securely attached as infants, those who were insecurely attached as infants tend to be

A)more aggressive.
B)less withdrawn.
C)better liked by their peers.
D)All of these traits characterize those children.

Question 25

Which statement BEST describes the relationship between parental monitoring and adolescent behaviour?

A)Adolescents are affected by parents' monitoring behaviour.
B)Adolescents actively elicit parental monitoring through their own behaviour.
C)Adolescents are affected by parents' monitoring behaviour and actively elicit monitoring through their own behaviour.
D)There is no significant relationship between parental monitoring and adolescent behaviour.

Question 26

Friendship is NOT defined as a relationship that is

A)characterized by reciprocities.
B)between same-sex members.
C)conflictual.
D)one sided.

Question 27

At what age are children capable of showing preference for some children over others?

A)infancy
B)toddlerhood
C)early childhood
D)late childhood

Question 28

Children who are classified as controversial receive _____ like-most nominations from classmates and _____ like-least nominations from classmates.

A)few; few
B)few; average
C)average; average
D)high; high

Question 29

The idea that youth who already have good social skills benefit from the Internet and related technology in the development of friendships supports

A)increased control over interactions in teen friendships.
B)the rich-get-richer hypothesis.
C)reduced emphasis on physical appearance via the use of online communication.
D)the social-compensation hypothesis.

Question 30

Which statement about children's friendships is NOT true?

A)Openness between friends enhances creativity.
B)Friendships help children who are being victimized by other peers.
C)Higher levels of gossip in friendships are associated with poor developmental outcomes.
D)Children need friendships.

Question 31

When asked who their closest friend is, Dana and Wendy both name each other. Dana and Wendy are considered to be

A)exclusive best friends.
B)popular.
C)well accepted.
D)best friends.

Question 32

Which aspect of development is most impacted by play behaviours?

A)physical
B)cognitive
C)intellectual
D)social-emotional

Question 33

When asked about her best friend, Rasamee says, "My best friend is Annie. We do everything together. We both love to play four square, and we always play it together at recess. Annie lives near me, and she has so many fun toys that I love to play with." This description of Rasamee's friendship is MOST characteristic of children of what age?

A)2 years
B)4 years
C)7 years
D)10 years

Question 34

The association between peer rejection and _____ behaviour tends to increase from childhood to adolescence.

A)aggressive
B)considerate
C)withdrawn
D)humorous

Question 35

Recent research has found that the higher a child's situational emotion knowledge, the _____ play.

A)more likely they are to engage in social
B)more likely they are to engage in onlooker
C)less likely they are to engage in unoccupied
D)more likely they are to engage in solitary

Question 36

Which adolescent is MOST likely to be negatively influenced by the peer group?

A)Gerry, whose parents exhibit an authoritative style
B)Todd, whose culture has family sanctions against delinquent behaviour
C)Oscar, whose parents are responsive
D)Mica, who has a distant relationship with his mother

Question 37

Which statement about the association between peer rejection and later adjustment problems is TRUE?

A)Peer rejection itself, not maladaptive behaviour, appears to be a cause of adjustment problems.
B)Maladaptive behaviour itself, not peer rejection, appears to be a cause of adjustment problems.
C)Both peer rejection and maladaptive behaviour appear to be causes of adjustment problems.
D)Neither peer rejection nor maladaptive behaviour appears to be a cause of adjustment problems.

Question 38

Which factor is NOT a long-term consequence of being bullied?

A)decreased aggression
B)academic problems
C)depression
D)engagement in deviant behaviours

Question 39

Which groups report experiencing more cyberbullying?

A)males under the age of 13 and females
B)females and Indigenous youth
C)males and females ages 12 to 15
D)LGBTQ youth and African Canadians

Question 40

Research on the effect of having friendships on victimized children's adjustment indicated that

A)victimized children rarely have friends.
B)whether or not victimized children's friendships are reciprocal is irrelevant to the importance of the friendship for adjustment.
C)friends can serve as buffers against unpleasant experiences.
D)victimized children who have friends who are well liked by their peers feel even more socially isolated than victimized children whose friends are less well liked.

Question 41

Children who are the target of their peers' aggression and demeaning behaviour can be said to be

A)rejected.
B)victimized.
C)withdrawn.
D)wimps.

Question 42

Juan is 14 years old and gets nervous when he is around kids his own age. He prefers online communication over face-to-face communication. This supports

A)increased control over interactions in teen friendships.
B)the rich-get-richer hypothesis.
C)reduced emphasis on physical appearance via the use of online communication.
D)the social-compensation hypothesis.

Question 43

Adolescents who are sociometrically popular do NOT differ from sociometrically average children with regard to

A)reduced aggressiveness.
B)attractiveness.
C)sociability.
D)emotional regulation.

Question 44

Which statement about the relationship between children's alcohol and drug use and having friends with these behaviours has NOT been supported by research?

A)Adolescents select friends who are similar to themselves in terms of drinking and drug use.
B)Peer socialization influences drug and alcohol use.
C)Adolescents' use of alcohol and drugs and their friends' use of alcohol and drugs mutually reinforce each other.
D)Adolescents who use alcohol and drugs do not have close friends.

Question 45

Which of these is a therapeutic technique that encourages children to express their thoughts and emotions through free play?

A)child-centred play therapy
B)promotion of alternative thinking strategies
C)control signals poster
D)turtle technique

Question 46

Which adolescent is MOST likely to be negatively influenced by his friends' behaviour?

A)Gary, who is extremely aggressive and who has aggressive friends
B)Frank, who is mild mannered, shows no signs of aggression, and has aggressive friends
C)Roger, whose parents are cold and detached, and whose friends use drugs
D)Harry, whose parents monitor his activities and are receptive to his viewpoint, and whose friends use drugs

Question 47

Which factor is NOT emphasized by familism?

A)family closeness
B)family obligations
C)consideration of family in decision making
D)family separation

Question 48

Friendships CANNOT buffer children against the negative effects of

A)being victimized by peers.
B)entering a new school.
C)being socially isolated.
D)having poor-quality relationships.

Question 49

_____ does NOT occur more frequently with young children's friends than with their nonfriends.

A)Ignoring the other's distress
B)Conflict
C)Positive interactions
D)Pretend play

Question 50

Bryson and Carl are playing with their toy trucks side-by-side but are not engaging with each other. They are engaged in _____ play.

A)unoccupied
B)parallel
C)associative
D)cooperative

Question 51

When considering the possibility and direction of causality between quality of parenting and peer acceptance, the text states that the MOST likely possibility is that

A)the causal links are bidirectional.
B)there is a third variable, such as children's temperament, that causes both parenting behaviours and peer acceptance.
C)quality of parenting causes peer acceptance.
D)there is no causal relationship between quality of parenting and peer acceptance.

Question 52

Which friends are MOST likely to extensively discuss problems and their negative thoughts and feelings?

A)male pair with a poor-quality friendship
B)male pair with a high-quality friendship
C)female pair with a poor-quality friendship
D)female pair with a high-quality friendship

Question 53

Which of these is NOT a type of social play?

A)unoccupied play
B)parallel play
C)associative play
D)cooperative play

Question 54

The idea that social media may be beneficial for lonely, depressed, and socially anxious adolescents supports

A)increased control over interactions in teen friendships.
B)the rich-get-richer hypothesis.
C)reduced emphasis on physical appearance via the use of online communication.
D)the social-compensation hypothesis.

Question 55

Mark and Sam are both at the playground. Mark is going up and down the slide and Sam is swinging on the swing set. They are engaged in _____ play.

A)unoccupied
B)parallel
C)associative
D)cooperative

Question 56

_____ social skills are enhanced if their _____ engaged in emotion coaching.

A)Boys'; fathers
B)Boys'; mothers
C)Girls'; fathers
D)Girls'; mothers

Question 57

Selman proposed that changes in children's thinking about friendships are a result of changes in

A)their ability to take others' perspectives into account.
B)how they are able to express their ideas.
C)what they need from their friends.
D)hormones and neurochemistry.

Question 58

Mother Teresa's orphanage in India introduced structured play to the children's daily routines and found improvement within months in all of these areas EXCEPT

A)mental abilities.
B)motor skills.
C)social skills.
D)play skills.

Question 59

Children who are nominated by a number of peers as liked and by other peers as disliked are categorized as

A)rejected.
B)average.
C)controversial.
D)neglected.

Question 60

At approximately what age do children tend to define their friends, to a greater extent, in terms of taking care of one's needs, reducing loneliness, and sharing feelings?

A)5 years
B)7 years
C)9 years
D)11 years

Question 61

Children who are perceived as popular increasingly use _____ aggression across adolescence.

A)relational
B)physical
C)both relational and physical
D)neither relational nor physical

Question 62

What is the MOST common method of communication with friends used by those ages 12 to 17 years?

A)texting
B)phone calls
C)social media
D)email

Question 63

How can parents play an active role in their children's competencies in peer relationships?

A)monitoring their children's social life
B)coaching their children in social skills
C)both monitoring their children's social life and coaching their children in social skills
D)neither monitoring their children's social life nor coaching their children in social skills

Question 64

Children who are NOT nominated by their peers either as being liked or as being disliked are categorized as

A)rejected.
B)average.
C)controversial.
D)neglected.

Question 65

Boys are more likely to use _____, while girls are more likely to use _____ to connect with friends.

A)social media; texts
B)gaming sites; texts
C)phone calls; social media
D)gaming sites; social media

Question 66

Which statement is NOT true of most cultures in which the correlates of peer status have been examined?

A)Being well liked by peers is associated with possessing leadership skills.
B)Being well liked by peers is associated with being prosocial.
C)Being rejected by peers is associated with being aggressive.
D)Being rejected by peers is associated with being withdrawn.

Question 67

When a child watches things in her environment briefly and nothing seems to catch her attention, she is engaging in _____ play.

A)unoccupied
B)parallel
C)onlooker
D)solitary

Question 68

Children who are perceived by their peers as popular tend to

A)be the same kids who are sociometrically popular.
B)be sociometrically rejected.
C)use aggression to obtain goals.
D)be less aggressive than those who are sociometrically popular.

Question 69

Ten-year-old Kyle is sociable, athletic, and humorous, but he is also aggressive and disruptive. His peers view him as conceited. He would MOST likely be categorized as

A)rejected.
B)controversial.
C)popular.
D)average.

Question 70

Compared with nonfriends, preschool-age friends have _____ levels of conflict, and their conflict is resolved _____ equitably.

A)lower; more
B)lower; less
C)greater; more
D)greater; less

Question 71

Which statement about the friendships of children under the age of 2 is TRUE?

A)They appear to be able to select, prefer, and have more positive interactions with some children over others.
B)They show some preference for playing with some children but show no other differential behaviour towards these preferred playmates.
C)They show more positive affect towards some children but do not appear to be more likely to seek them out as playmates.
D)They are incapable of having a preferred playmate.

Question 72

According to a 2015 national survey of Canadian children ages 10 to 17, _____ of children reported some form of cyberbullying in the past month.

A)3%
B)7%
C)14%
D)25%

Question 73

Which parenting practice has been found to be associated with children being well accepted by their peers?

A)strong control
B)low monitoring of activities
C)reasoning
D)negative emotions

Question 74

Which variable is NOT an important factor in whether children are accepted by their peers?

A)athleticism
B)attractiveness
C)sociability
D)ethnicity

Question 75

What type of bullying involves purposely excluding someone from conversations or activities, spreading rumours, or withholding friendship?

A)physical bullying
B)verbal bullying
C)social bullying
D)cyberbullying

Question 76

People of approximately the same age and status who are unrelated to one another are called

A)friends.
B)peers.
C)acquaintances.
D)associated.

Question 77

Parental monitoring becomes especially important during

A)early childhood.
B)late childhood.
C)middle childhood.
D)adolescence.

Question 78

Which statement BEST describes the relationship between aggression and victimization?

A)Being aggressive leads to experiencing victimization.
B)Experiencing victimization leads to acting aggressively.
C)There is a bidirectional relationship between aggression and victimization.
D)There is no significant relationship between aggression and victimization.

Question 79

The No Trap! Intervention in Italy has been effective in reducing what?

A)isolation
B)rejection
C)cyberbullying
D)in-person bullying

Question 80

In regard to the relation between children's disruptive behaviours and having friends, the association between the two is

A)not causal.
B)causal.
C)bidirectional.
D)unclear as to its precise nature.