Deck 16: Generalized Cognitive Disorders

Question 1

What type of dementia is Alzheimer's disease?

A)Mixed-variety dementia
B)Cortical dementia
C)Subcortical dementia
D)Vascular dementia

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Early-onset Alzheimer's is characterized by onset of the disease before what age?

A)60
B)65
C)68
D)70

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is not true about Huntington's disease:

A)It is associated with cortical thinning
B)It's related to increased activation and upregulation of GABA
C)It's related to decreased functional connectivity between areas important during executive tasks
D)People with the Huntington's gene can show no motor impairments but perform worse than non-carriers on cognitive tasks

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is true about epilepsy:

A)People with epilepsy show abnormal neural functioning only during a seizure
B)All seizures include a loss of consciousness
C)Sleep deprivation is a potent trigger for epileptic seizures
D)People with epilepsy have a lower risk of developing psychiatric disorders

Question 5

Which of the following is true about the neuropsychological profile of Alzheimer's disease:

A)Their procedural and implicit learning is intact
B)Syntax and phonology are the most pronounced language deficits
C)Personality changes are only seen in late stage of the disease
D)They are unable to acquire new knowledge

Question 6

Which of the following is not true about multiple sclerosis (MS):

A)It is more prevalent near the equator
B)It affects the central and peripheral nervous systems
C)Only white matter degeneration is associated with the severity of cognitive decline
D)MS typically affects people in old age

Question 7

Which disease is characterized by a general slowing of motor functioning and thinking, dysfunction of executive processes, difficulty in memory retrieval, apathy, and depression?

A)Huntingdon's disease
B)Parkinson's disease
C)Alzheimer's disease
D)Multiple Sclerosis

Question 8

Which brain regions are most likely to sustain traumatic injury?

A)Orbitofrontal and temporal regions
B)Cerebellum
C)Brainstem
D)Parietal lobe

Question 9

Clinicians are able to differentiate Parkinson's disease from Huntington's disease based on which of the following symptoms:

A)Huntington's disease has much longer survival rates than those with Parkinson's disease
B)People with Huntington's disease usually do not develop dementia
C)People with Huntington's disease have deficits in attention and retrieval of information
D)People with Huntington's disease typically do not exhibit severe ataxia or aphasia

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter do the vast majority of therapeutic interventions for Alzheimer's disease attempt to increase?

A)Dopamine
B)Acetylcholine
C)GABA
D)Glutamate

Question 11

Which of these is not evaluated by the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A)Visual responsiveness
B)Verbal responsiveness
C)Motor capabilities
D)Memory

Question 12

Which of the following is the primary injury sustained after traumatic brain injury?

A)The shearing of white matter tracts
B)Inflammation
C)Glutamate excitotoxicity
D)Coup injury

Question 13

Which of the following is true about white-matter deterioration in closed head injury:

A)It is unrelated to the severity of cognitive impairment
B)It is detected as volumetric increases in brain tissue representing scarring
C)It can persist for years after the initial injury
D)Functional magnetic resonance imaging is the optimal method to measure it

Question 14

Which statement about cortical dementias is correct?

A)They manifest as the co-occurrence of many deficits such as aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, spatial and calculation deficits and memory problems.
B)They do not result in specific cognitive deficits such as aphasia and apraxia.
C)They are primarily characterized by motor slowing.
D)They are notable for the absence of changes in emotion or personality.

Question 15

Which telltale sign of closed head injury can be detected at the time of injury?

A)Overproduction of glutamate
B)Edema
C)White matter deterioration
D)Diffuse loss of neural tissue appearing as an enlargement of the ventricles and a loss of volume in large myelinated tracts such as the corpus callosum.

Question 16

Clinicians find the Glasgow Coma Scale to be valuable mainly because:

A)It can predict the probability of someone lapsing into a coma
B)It is able to predict survival rates and future functioning
C)It can measure the degree of focal versus distributed damage
D)It assesses pupil reactivity as a proxy for brainstem damage

Question 17

Which of the following makes chronic traumatic encephalopathy difficult to detect:

A)It cannot easily be distinguished from Alzheimer's in its histological pathology
B)The number of concussions is not recorded in most sports
C)Its behavioral manifestations often mimic dementia
D)It can only be diagnosed postmortem

Question 18

If someone sustained focal damage from an object striking their occipital lobe straight on, which brain area would be the site of a countercoup injury?

A)Temporal lobe
B)Opposite side of the occipital lobe
C)Frontal lobe
D)Parietal lobe

Question 19

Which of the following supports the idea that dopamine cannot explain all the cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease:

A)Depression in Parkinson's disease has similar rates to other degenerative motor impairments
B)Not everyone with Parkinson's disease develops dementia
C)Dopamine agonists do not improve cognitive functioning
D)Severity of motor impairments is uncorrelated with dopamine deficits

Question 20

Which of the following is not an effect of sustaining a traumatic brain injury:

A)There is a reduced risk for future brain injuries
B)People can experience changes to smell, taste, and appetite
C)Disruptions in attention and motivation are common
D)Changes in emotional states like irritability and depression often result

Question 21

Which disorder of conscious awareness shows sleep-wake cycle and eyes opening but no responsive behaviour?

A)Locked-in syndrome
B)Minimally conscious
C)Unresponsive wakefulness (vegetative state)
D)Coma