Deck 8: Policing: Issues and Challenges

Question 1

Which of the following is true of better-educated police officers?

A)Educated officers are less likely to have disciplinary problems.
B)Educated officers are less likely to leave police work.
C)Educated officers are less likely to question orders.
D)Educated officers are less likely to request reassignment within the department.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The 1970s ________ Commission focused on combatting corruption in New York City.

A)Wickersham
B)Giuliani
C)Knapp
D)Serpico

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following activities best fits the definition of police corruption?

A)An off-duty police officer steals a neighbor's lawn mower.
B)A police officer knowingly participates in an illegal search.
C)A police officer accepts money to ignore a traffic violation.
D)A police officer uses drugs while off duty.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Programs such as the Collier County Spousal Academy are designed to help families of police officers cope with issues relating to

A)police use of deadly force.
B)child abuse.
C)spousal abuse.
D)police officer stress.

Question 5

Which is not a characteristic of the police working personality?

A)Loyal
B)Cynical
C)Authoritarian
D)Cheerful

Question 6

How do police officers enter the police subculture?

A)They apply for admission after graduating from the academy.
B)They are admitted into the subculture after completing their probationary period.
C)They are socialized into the subculture.
D)They join the subculture when they are first hired.

Question 7

In most big-city police departments,which branch is tasked with investigating charges of wrongdoing involving members of the department?

A)Internal Affairs Division
B)Concerned Citizens Division
C)Civilian Review Board
D)Office of the Chief

Question 8

The special responsibility to adhere to moral duty and obligation that is inherent in police work is called

A)police ethics.
B)police professionalism.
C)police discretion.
D)legalistic police work.

Question 9

Which of the following does the FBI consider an important strategy used to combat police corruption?

A)Increased ethics training of both new and experienced officers
B)Unannounced inspections of patrol forces in their patrol locations by supervisory personnel
C)Setting up a "silent witness" telephone hotline to facilitate receipt of reports about potentially corrupt activities
D)Reduction or elimination of one-man patrols

Question 10

Which of the following is the most serious type of corruption?

A)Accepting gratuities
B)Denial of civil rights
C)Role malfeasance
D)Accepting bribes

Question 11

The courts have supported drug testing of police officers based on ________ that drug abuse is occurring.

A)proof beyond a reasonable doubt
B)probable cause
C)anonymous tips
D)reasonable suspicion

Question 12

Which of the following characteristics appears to be most important when identifying a candidate who will be an effective and successful police officer?

A)Level of education
B)Credit history
C)Innate personal qualities
D)Basic general knowledge

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a biological weapon?

A)Sonic weapons
B)Flash guns
C)Pepper spray
D)Anthrax

Question 14

The concept of the police working personality was developed by

A)James Q.Wilson.
B)Jerome Skolnick.
C)Kenneth Davis.
D)Lawrence Sherman.

Question 15

In general,officers killed in the line of duty are most likely to die in which type of incident?

A)A motor vehicle accident
B)A vehicular assault
C)Gunfire
D)A duty-related illness

Question 16

Agencies such as CALEA provide ________ to police departments that meet specified minimum professional standards.

A)professionalism
B)ethical training
C)accreditation
D)departmental review

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a grass eater?

A)An officer who accepts small bribes and minor services from citizens
B)An officer who solicits bribes through threat or intimidation
C)An officer who seeks out illicit moneymaking opportunities
D)An officer who sells drugs confiscated from dealers

Question 18

The increasing formalization of police work and the accompanying rise in public acceptance of the police is known as

A)police ethics.
B)police professionalism.
C)police discretion.
D)legalistic police work.

Question 19

The two key elements in the definition of police corruption are

A)abuse of authority and absence of integrity.
B)absence of integrity and personal gain.
C)absence of integrity and cash benefit.
D)misuse of authority and personal gain.

Question 20

A police subculture includes

A)giving priority to the official department code.
B)shared values,beliefs,and forms of behavior.
C)the development of a symbolic assailant.
D)a focus on police professionalism.

Question 21

________ refers to the application of more force than is required to compel compliance from a suspect.

A)Excessive use of force
B)Excessive force
C)Police use of force
D)Force factor

Question 22

In which situation are police most likely to use force?

A)A domestic
B)A criminal investigation
C)A traffic stop
D)An arrest

Question 23

The police working personality was described by Jerome Skolnick.

Question 24

Which of the following situations could lead to a civil suit for police negligence?

A)A police officer makes an arrest without just cause.
B)A police officer uses excessive force against a member of the public.
C)A police officer conducts a search without probable cause.
D)A police officer injures an innocent bystander during a high-speed vehicle pursuit.

Question 25

Which of the following is not a discretionary decision that might be made by a patrol officer?

A)The decision to stop and frisk a suspect
B)The decision to file a crime report
C)The decision to charge the suspect with a crime
D)The decision to make an arrest

Question 26

A federal civil suit alleging police misconduct that is filed against a federal law enforcement officer is commonly known as a

A)Title 42 lawsuit.
B)Section 1983 lawsuit.
C)Bivens action.
D)tort claim.

Question 27

The "slippery slope" perspective suggests that accepting minor gratuities can lead to more serious violations of the law.

Question 28

The intentional use of a firearm or other instrument resulting in a high probability of death is known as

A)deadly force.
B)excessive force.
C)physical force.
D)force factor.

Question 29

Prior to the Supreme Court ruling in Tennessee v.Garner,the use of deadly force by the police was governed by the ________ rule.

A)fleeing felon
B)objective reasonableness
C)defense of life
D)imminent danger

Question 30

The police subculture is mainly communicated through formal academy training.

Question 31

The current standard for the use of deadly force by federal agents is

A)fleeing felon.
B)objective reasonableness.
C)defense of life.
D)imminent danger.

Question 32

________ profiling is known as any police action initiated on the basis of the race,ethnicity,or national origin of a suspect rather than on the suspect's behavior or on information that identifies the suspect as being engaged in criminal activity.

A)Religious
B)Ethnic
C)Racial
D)Biased

Question 33

In 2003,the U.S.Department of Justice banned its practice of racial profiling in all federal law enforcement agencies,except in cases involving

A)Muslims.
B)mass murderers.
C)terrorist suspects.
D)members of drug cartels.

Question 34

________ shields law enforcement officers from constitutional lawsuits if reasonable officers would believe their actions were lawful in light of clearly established law and the available information possessed by the officers.

A)Qualified immunity
B)Absolute immunity
C)Probable cause
D)Sovereign immunity

Question 35

A ________ weapon is designed to disable,capture,or immobilize,but not kill,a suspect.

A)non-lethal
B)lethal
C)non-forcible
D)less-lethal

Question 36

Which of the following is not an element of the federal deadly force policy?

A)Warning shot
B)Fleeing subject
C)Racial bias
D)Defense of life

Question 37

Law enforcement supervisors are

A)immune from civil liability for the actions of their officers.
B)civilly responsible for the actions of their officers.
C)civilly liable only for their own actions.
D)protected from civil liability under the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics.

Question 38

The ability of police officers to make choices such as whether or not to investigate is known as

A)chain of command.
B)discretion.
C)atavistic choices.
D)police professionalism.

Question 39

A federal civil suit alleging police misconduct that is filed against a local police officer is commonly known as a

A)Title 42 lawsuit.
B)Section 1983 lawsuit.
C)Bivens action.
D)tort claim.

Question 40

In which 1989 case did the U.S.Supreme Court establish the standard of "objective reasonableness" in determining the appropriate use of deadly force by a police officer?

A)Graham v.Connor
B)Hunter v.Bryant
C)Bivens v.Six unknown federal agents
D)Malley v.Briggs

Question 41

The Knapp Commission focused on corruption in the New York City Police Department.

Question 42

Less-lethal weapons offer a potential solution to incidents of "suicide by cop."

Question 43

The courts have supported drug testing of police officers based on reasonable suspicion that drug abuse is occurring.

Question 44

The federal standard for the use of deadly force by federal agents is objective reasonableness.

Question 45

The Supreme Court case of Tennessee v.Garner established the fleeing felon rule for the use of deadly force by the police.

Question 46

Accepting a minor bribe is an example of meat eating.

Question 47

Most police training programs today include an ethics component.

Question 48

A federal lawsuit directed specifically at federal officials or enforcement agents is known as a Bivens Action.

Question 49

Law enforcement supervisors can be held liable for the actions of the officers under their command.

Question 50

Behavioral profiling is a form of biased policing.

Question 51

Educational level is not an important recruiting criterion for police recruitment.

Question 52

Police discretion includes the decision to not make an arrest.

Question 53

Police officers may refuse to render assistance to a person with AIDS due to concerns of AIDS transmission via casual contact.

Question 54

Humor is a method of stress reduction used by the police.

Question 55

1983 lawsuits are civil suits filed in state court.

Question 56

Occupational deviance mainly occurs to further the organizational goals of law enforcement.

Question 57

Excessive use of police force is the use of necessary physical restraint by a police officer when dealing with a member of the public.

Question 58

Excessive use of force refers to the unacceptable use of force on a department-wide basis.

Question 59

More highly-educated police officers are more likely to leave police work.

Question 60

Most police officers never fire their weapons in the line of duty.

Question 61

________ used a person's demeanor,actions,bearing,and manner to identify an offender before he or she can act.

Question 62

________ weapons are designed to disable,capture,or immobilize suspects without killing them.

Question 63

________ refers to the special responsibility of the police to adhere to moral duty and obligation inherent in police work.

Question 64

________ gives officers the opportunity to exercise choice in their police activities.

Question 65

According to the Knapp Commission,________ is a more serious form of corruption,that involves officers actively seeking opportunities for illicit moneymaking.

Question 66

________ are civil suits filed in federal court against state or local police officers.

Question 67

Police ________ is the abuse of police authority for personal or organizational gain.

Question 68

The Supreme Court has supported sovereign immunity for individual police officers.

Question 69

In the past,the doctrine of ________ barred legal actions against state and local governments.

Question 70

________ involves a situation where the use of force by the police violates a law or statute.

Question 71

The ________ is the level of force used by the police relative to the suspect's level of resistance.

Question 72

Anthrax,smallpox,and any other infectious diseases used illegally to cause death and injury to people are considered ________ weapons.

Question 73

Police ________ involves the increasing formalization of police work and increasing public acceptance of the police.

Question 74

The Supreme Court gives qualified immunity to officers to protect them from lawsuits if the officers believed their actions were lawful based on the information they possessed at the time.

Question 75

Humor,exercise,and meditation are useful techniques for reducing ________.

Question 76

The federal standard for use of deadly force by federal agents is the ________ standard.

Question 77

The police ________ involves a set of values,beliefs,and acceptable forms of behavior that is characteristic of the police.

Question 78

Police officers are most likely to die in the line of duty from ________.

Question 79

Police officers who injure innocent bystanders during high speed pursuits may be liable for a civil lawsuit because their actions may be considered ________.

Question 80

________ is the branch of a large police organization usually tasked with investigating charges of wrongdoing involving members of the department.