Deck 6: Prisons

Question 1

There are national design or classification standards.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Private entrepreneurs argue that they can build and run prisons as effectively, safely, and humanely as any level of government.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Today's prisons do not differ greatly in terms of design and operation.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In the United States, most offenders are held in federal-level prisons.

Question 5

Departments of Corrections are usually unable to control the flow of offenders sent to them by the courts.

Question 6

Most state-level inmates in the United States are housed in maximum-security prisons.

Question 7

Reformers associated with the birth of the prison believed that offenders could be redeemed only if they were removed from the distractions of the city.

Question 8

The Federal Bureau of Prisons confinement facilities are classified using four security levels, ranging from
"minimum" to "super­max" security.

Question 9

Both male and female state prisons are classified according to the level of security deemed necessary.

Question 10

Most prisons in the United States operate using the reintegration model of incarceration.

Question 11

Roughly half of all current federal inmates are incarcerated for various types of property and white-collar offenses.

Question 12

Nearly half of all state-operated correctional facilities in the United States are located in the South.

Question 13

Guard towers are no longer used because they are expensive to operate.

Question 14

The most frequent type of offense of federal prisoners is drug related.

Question 15

After the Civil War, prison industry became the main focus of corrections.

Question 16

A prison constructed in the form of a wheel, with "spokes" radiating from a central core, is known as the courtyard style.

Question 17

Private prisons are more effective than public prisons in preparing inmates for life after incarceration.

Question 18

Prison construction is not an explanation for the increased rate of incarceration in the United States.

Question 19

The custodial model of corrections emphasizes the provision of treatment programs designed to reform the offender.

Question 20

From 1930 to 1980, the incarceration rate in the United States has grown exponentially.

Question 21

The _________ model developed during the 1950s.

A) rehabilitation
B) reintegration
C) crime control
D) custodial

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic prison designs currently used in the United States?

A) telephone-pole
B) warehouse
C) radial
D) campus style

Question 23

Who is responsible for the operation of state prisons?

A) the county commissioner
B) the governor
C) commissioners of corrections
D) the president

Question 24

Which model of incarceration focuses on the goals of deterrence, incapacitation, and retribution?

A) reintegration
B) custodial
C) rehabilitation
D) retributive

Question 25

The majority of adult prisons in the United States are located in _________ areas.

A) urban
B) suburban
C) municipal
D) rural

Question 26

The three most common classification levels found for male offenders in most U.S. states include all of the following, EXCEPT the _________ level.

A) super-max
B) minimum
C) medium
D) maximum

Question 27

Prisons house convicted offenders who have been sentenced to terms of _________.

A) three to six months
B) anything up to one year
C) less than one year
D) more than one year

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main models of incarceration which have dominated U.S. correctional systems over the last six decades?

A) reintegration
B) custodial
C) rehabilitation
D) retributive

Question 29

Which of the following prison designs is most often used today for maximum-security prisons in the United States?

A) radial
B) telephone-pole
C) courtyard style
D) campus style

Question 30

_________, the oldest operating prison in America, was built in 1798 and still houses inmates today.

A) Eastern State Penitentiary (PA)
B) Auburn State Penitentiary (NY)
C) Trenton State Prison (NJ)
D) Salem State Prison (MA)

Question 31

Forty states and the federal government now operate prisons that exceed the maximum security level; these facilities are classified as __________.

A) ultra-max
B) fortress-level
C) super-max
D) prison camps

Question 32

Which of the following prison designs has been traditionally used to house both women and juvenile offenders?

A) radial
B) telephone-pole
C) courtyard style
D) campus style

Question 33

More than _________ are incarcerated in U.S. jails and prisons.

A) 1.3 million
B) 2.2 million
C) 3.2 million
D) 5.3 million

Question 34

Facilities designated "_________" have special missions, such as pretrial detention, treating inmates with serious or chronic medical problems, and containing the most­dangerous inmates in the federal prison population.

A) administrative
B) special security
C) residential
D) maximum security

Question 35

Over half of the federal inmate population is convicted of what type of offense?

A) drug offenses
B) arson
C) extortion
D) bank robbery

Question 36

The major focus of corrections today seems to have shifted to a _________ model of corrections, a model that emphasizes the importance of incarceration.

A) crime control
B) treatment-centered
C) restorative justice
D) community-oriented

Question 37

The image of the "_________" was popularized in movies and television shows and is still very much the portrayal of what most Americans believe prison to be.

A) castle
B) hole
C) rock
D) big house

Question 38

The nation's first prisons were built utilizing the _________ design, a design modeled after Pennsylvania's Western and Eastern state penitentiaries.

A) telephone-pole
B) radial
C) campus style
D) courtyard

Question 39

Most federal inmates in the United States tend to be _______.

A) Hispanic males
B) African American males
C) white males
D) Middle Eastern males

Question 40

The _________ is responsible for individuals charged with and convicted of federal crimes.

A) U.S. Secret Service
B) Office of the Inspector General
C) Bureau of Prisons
D) Federal Bureau of Investigation

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic forms of private involvement in the correctional administration?

A) lease or lease­purchase arrangements
B) conventional prison facility
C) fully private
D) contracted management and operations

Question 42

What type of offenders is Sara most likely housed with?

A) death row inmates
B) violent offenders
C) drug offenders
D) property offenders

Question 43

The strategy of doing nothing to relieve crowding in prisons is called the _________.

A) zero tolerance strategy
B) hands-off strategy
C) null strategy
D) nonentity strategy

Question 44

Some observers argue that corrections should reserve prison for what type of offenders?

A) violent
B) property
C) drug
D) sex

Question 45

What prison system is Sara housed in?

A) federal
B) state
C) county
D) local

Question 46

What is the purpose of the prison structure that Mike is incarcerated in?

A) custody and discipline
B) transition back to the community
C) rehabilitation and programming
D) work release

Question 47

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Mike is housed in an individual cell with his own sink and toilet.
B) Mike is considered minimum-level custody.
C) Mike is housed in a medical unit.
D) Mike is housed in a day reporting center.

Question 48

What custody-level prison is Mike in?

A) maximum
B) minimum
C) medium
D) campus

Question 49

_________ and _________ now make up a large percentage of inmates in U.S. correctional facilities.

A) African Americans; Hispanics
B) African Americans; whites
C) Hispanics; whites
D) African Americans; Asians

Question 50

Which prison design is organized to permit inmates and visitors as much freedom as is consistent with the concept of incarceration?

A) minimum security
B) medium security
C) courtyard style
D) campus style

Question 51

The average incarceration rate from 2000 to 2010 _________ from the incarceration rate in the 1990s.

A) did not change
B) decreased dramatically
C) decreased
D) increased

Question 52

Joe is likely housed in what type of living unit?

A) large living units with barred cells and strict supervision
B) a co-ed living unit with both male and female inmates
C) death row
D) relatively small housing units

Question 53

What corporation was fined more than $40,000 for hiring unqualified alcohol counselors at one of its correctional centers?

A) Corrections Corporation of America
B) Wackenhut Private Security, Inc.
C) American Corrections Corporation
D) Corrections USA, Inc.

Question 54

Currently, the largest racial/ethnic group in state-level U.S. prisons is _________.

A) Caucasian
B) Latino
C) African American
D) Asian

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a reason that has been advanced to help explain the increased rate of incarceration in the United States?

A) increased arrests
B) tougher sentencing
C) prison construction
D) rising crime rates

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT one of the five states with the highest incarceration rates?

A) Oklahoma
B) California
C) Mississippi
D) Texas

Question 57

Researchers now recognize that the size of the prison population is not driven by the amount of crime; it is driven by __________.

A) the war on drugs
B) public policy
C) media coverage
D) gang violence

Question 58

What security level is the prison Joe is in?

A) medium
B) super-max
C) open
D) closed

Question 59

What style of prison is Joe most likely incarcerated in?

A) campus
B) maximum
C) telephone
D) open

Question 60

Mandatory sentencing laws greatly limit the discretion of judges with regard to the ________.

A) type of sentence they can impose
B) offenders they can sentence to prison
C) number of offenders they can send to prison each month
D) length of sentences for certain offenders

Question 61

Approximately 68 percent of prison employees are _________.

Question 62

_________ -security prisons do not have guard towers or walls.

Question 63

The typical "_________" prison of the 1940s and 1950s was a walled prison with large tiered cell blocks, a yard, shop, and industries.

Question 64

The _________ design is mainly used for maximum-security prisons in the United States

Question 65

The largest percentage of state prisons in the United States are found in the _________.

Question 66

An architectural design by which the functional units of a prison are housed in separate buildings constructed on four sides of an open square is called _________.

Question 67

The _________ model is linked to the structures and goals of community corrections.

Question 68

Most prisons in America are found in _________ areas.

Question 69

A model of corrections that emphasizes security, discipline, and order is referred to as the _________ model.

Question 70

The _________ model emphasizes security, discipline, and order for the purposes of incapacitation, deterrence, or retribution.

Question 71

This prison design is more focused on _________.

A) elderly offenders
B) custody
C) individual freedom
D) creating open communication between staff and inmates

Question 72

Most people consider _________ the dominant purpose of a prison.

Question 73

Age, education, and _________ of the inmate population influence how correctional institutions function.

Question 74

Some states and the _________ operate minimum-security prison camps where inmates work on forest conservation and fight
wildfires.

Question 75

Perhaps more so than in the past, today's prison designs are greatly influenced by the cost of _________ and maintenance.

Question 76

What prison design is John housed in?

A) telephone
B) campus
C) closed
D) open

Question 77

A(n) __________ prison is designed and organized to minimize the possibility of escapes and violence, thereby imposing strict limitations on the freedom of both inmates and visitors.

Question 78

The _________ design of prisons has long been used for both juvenile and women's prisons.

Question 79

A prison designed and organized to permit inmates and visitors as much freedom as is consistent with the concept of incarceration is classified as a(n) ____________ prison.

Question 80

State prisoners tend to be male and of a racial or ethnic minority, have at least a high school education, and have been convicted of _________ offenses.