Deck 47: Processing Food and Nutrition

Question 1

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

A) autotroph-plants
B) carnivore-snake
C) herbivore-sheep
D) ruminant-cow
E) suspension feeders-mosquitoes

Answer 1

suspension feeders-mosquitoes

Question 2

You feel discomfort and possibly pain when the dentist drills a hole in your tooth because:

A) the heat of the drilling process is felt by the gum tissue.
B) the pulp cavity contains nerves.
C) the tooth decay has invaded the pulp cavity.
D) the dentist is applying too much pressure to the drill.
E) the decay has affected the dentin.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A gastrovascular cavity is found in all of the following except:

A) hydras
B) cnidarians
C) sponges
D) flatworms
E) jellyfish

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Dietary fiber that is not digested will be:

A) egested.
B) ingested.
C) emulsified.
D) hydrolysed.
E) absorbed.

Question 5

Which of the following organs is not considered part of the digestive system?

A) tongue
B) spleen
C) gallbladder
D) pancreas
E) salivary gland

Question 6

The process of enzymatic hydrolysis takes place during:

A) ingestion.
B) digestion.
C) absorption.
D) egestion.
E) elimination.

Question 7

In the process of peristalsis:

A) waves of muscular contractions force food down the digestive tract.
B) chemical digestion of food takes place in the digestive tract.
C) food is discharged from the bodies of unicellular animals.
D) digestion occurs intracellularly within food vacuoles.
E) digestion of food takes place outside the body of an animal.

Question 8

Which of the following does not correctly pair an animal with its food source or strategy?

A) hyenas-dead animals
B) baleen whales-suspended particles
C) earthworms-plant and animal material
D) locusts-other insects
E) giraffes-leaves

Question 9

Immediately outside the pulp cavity of a tooth is the:

A) enamel.
B) dentin.
C) cementum.
D) spongy bone.
E) nerve.

Question 10

The tissue containing nerves, blood, and lymph vessels in teeth is known as the:

A) dentin.
B) cementum.
C) enamel.
D) tooth socket.
E) pulp cavity.

Question 11

Bacteria present in the digestive tracts of some herbivores function to:

A) provide bulk to their feces.
B) produce minerals for their hosts.
C) detoxify harmful materials found in the food.
D) digest the animal waste products from the herbivore diet.
E) digest the cellulose cell wall of plant cells.

Question 12

The correct order of the layers of tissue from the outside of the digestive system toward the lumen is:

A) mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer, and visceral peritoneum.
B) mucosa, visceral peritoneum, muscle layer, and submucosa.
C) visceral peritoneum, muscle layer, submucosa, and mucosa.
D) muscle layer, visceral peritoneum, mucosa, and submucosa.
E) visceral peritoneum, mucosa, muscle layer, and submucosa.

Question 13

Which of the following would not be an example of an omnivore?

A) an earthworm
B) a sheep
C) a human
D) a pig
E) a fish

Question 14

Which of the following feeding strategies is incorrectly paired with its feeding adaptations?

A) carnivores-well-developed canine teeth
B) herbivores-stomachs containing symbiotic bacteria and protists
C) animals that feed on body fluids-piercing and sucking mouth parts
D) nectar feeders-long tongue
E) suspension feeders-poison glands

Question 15

__________ are teeth adapted primarily for tearing food.

A) Bicuspids
B) Canines
C) Incisors
D) Molars
E) Premolars

Question 16

Which of the following types of teeth would be least prevalent and possibly absent in an herbivore?

A) incisors only
B) premolars only
C) molars only
D) canines only
E) both premolars and molars

Question 17

In a tube-within-a-tube body plan, what forms the outer tube?

A) the body wall
B) the wall of the gastrovascular cavity
C) the vacuolar membrane
D) the intestinal wall
E) the gizzard wall.

Question 18

A filter feeder is an animal that:

A) has well-developed teeth for stabbing prey.
B) secretes paralyzing venom suspended in saliva.
C) has a symbiotic relationship with its host.
D) entraps food particles from water.
E) feeds on nectar while suspended in air.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about a complete digestive system is false?

A) It is characteristic of flatworms.
B) It is a tube with two openings.
C) Its regions are specialized to perform specific functions.
D) Food can be ingested while previously eaten food is being digested.
E) Food enters the mouth and is eliminated through the anus.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a basic nutrient required by all animals?

A) minerals
B) lipids
C) vitamins
D) proteins
E) water

Question 21

Figure 47-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding questions.
Refer to Figure 47-1.The crown of the tooth is made up of the parts labeled:

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3 only
E) 1, 2, 3, and 4 only

Question 22

When __________ reaches the stomach, it is inactivated by the low pH.

A) pepsin
B) pepsinogen
C) trypsin
D) amylase
E) bile

Question 23

Pepsin converts __________ to __________.

A) starch; sugars
B) proteins; peptides
C) fats; fatty acids and glycerol
D) nucleic acids; nucleotides
E) peptides; amino acids

Question 24

Parietal cells secrete:

A) chyme.
B) pepsin.
C) pepsinogen
D) HCl and instrinsic factor.
E) mucus.

Question 25

Digestion of starches begins in the:

A) mouth.
B) stomach.
C) duodenum.
D) jejunum.
E) large intestine.

Question 26

The cells in the gastric glands that produce digestive substances are the:

A) goblet and pyloric cells.
B) alpha and beta cells.
C) pyloric and parietal cells.
D) chief and goblet cells.
E) parietal and chief cells.

Question 27

When __________ comes in contact with acidic gastric juices, it is converted to __________, the main digestive enzyme of the stomach.

A) carboxyamylase; amylase
B) amylase; carboxyamylase
C) pepsin; pepsinogen
D) pepsinogen; pepsin
E) bolus; chyme

Question 28

From the pharynx, a bolus moves next into the:

A) mouth.
B) small intestine.
C) large intestine.
D) stomach.
E) esophagus.

Question 29

Figure 47-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding questions.
In Figure 47-1, dentin is labeled as number:

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 30

The stomach lining is protected by __________.

A) alkaline mucus and epithelial cells
B) pepsin and pepsinogen
C) trypsin and chymotrypsin
D) bile pigments and bile salts
E) rugae and gastric glands

Question 31

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Digestion of a meal begins in the mouth.
B) Hydrolysis of proteins begins in the stomach.
C) Most hydrolysis of fats takes place in the stomach.
D) Absorption of amino acids takes place in the small intestine.
E) Absorption of water takes place in the large intestine.

Question 32

Which of the following enzymes digests starch?

A) carboxypeptidase
B) amylase
C) trypsin
D) chymotrypsin
E) pepsin

Question 33

If leaves were the only food in your diet you would most likely have:

A) more incisors than premolars and molars.
B) fewer incisors than premolars and molars.
C) an equal number of incisors, premolars, and molars.
D) only have premolars and molars.
E) an incomplete digestive tract.

Question 34

Which of the following statements concerning saliva is false?

A) Saliva moistens food.
B) Saliva is secreted by three pairs of salivary glands.
C) Saliva dissolves food so it can be tasted.
D) Saliva starts the enzymatic digestion of lipids.
E) Saliva starts the enzymatic digestion of starch.

Question 35

Figure 47-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding questions.
Refer to Figure 47-1.Nerves would be located in the part labeled as number:

A) 2 only
B) 3 only
C) 4 only
D) 2 and 3
E) 3 and 4

Question 36

Chief cells secrete:

A) trypsin.
B) bile.
C) pepsin.
D) pepsinogen.
E) hydrochloric acid.

Question 37

Figure 47-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding questions.
Helicobacter pylori has been implicated as the causal agent of:

A) diarrhea.
B) constipation.
C) peptic ulcers.
D) cardiovascular disease.
E) kwashiorkor.

Question 38

Figure 47-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding questions.
Refer to Figure 47-1.The root of the tooth is made up of the parts labeled:

A) 4 and 5 only
B) 3, 4, and 5 only
C) 1, 2, and 3 only
D) 1, 2, 3, and 4 only
E) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Question 39

If you take an antacid:

A) you are trying to limit the secretions of the chief cells.
B) you are trying to limit the secretions of the parietal cells.
C) you would be affecting both the parietal and the chief cells.
D) you would not be able to digest protein.
E) you would not be able to digest lipids.

Question 40

The function of the rugae of the stomach is to:

A) secrete amylase.
B) crush the food.
C) increase the holding capacity of the stomach.
D) mix the food with gastric juices.
E) increase the surface area for secretion.

Question 41

Bile is produced in the ____ and stored in the _______.

A) pancreas; liver.
B) gallbladder; duodenum.
C) liver; gallbladder.
D) liver; liver.
E) gallbladder; gallbladder.

Question 42

Glycogen is hydrolyzed by:

A) maltase.
B) dipeptidases.
C) bile salts.
D) chymotrypsin.
E) amylase.

Question 43

Figure 47-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding questions.
The best way to treat a peptic ulcer would be to:

A) take antacids.
B) take antibiotics.
C) drink milk to protect the stomach lining.
D) eat a low fat diet.
E) take antacids and antibiotics.

Question 44

Undigested material flows from the ascending colon directly into the:

A) transverse colon.
B) duodenum.
C) cecum.
D) rectum.
E) descending colon.

Question 45

Figure 47-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
By what means are amino acids absorbed by the small intestine?

A) diffusion
B) facilitated diffusion
C) osmosis
D) passive transport
E) active transport

Question 46

The pylorus is located at the exit of the:

A) stomach.
B) esophagus.
C) jejunum.
D) duodenum.
E) rectum.

Question 47

Chyme flows directly from the jejunum into the:

A) duodenum.
B) stomach.
C) ileum.
D) esophagus.
E) rectum.

Question 48

How does fat enter the blood circulation?

A) across the lining of the mouth
B) through the hepatic portal system
C) across the stomach lining
D) through the lymph
E) across the large intestine lining

Question 49

Which of the following structures contributes to the large surface area of the small intestine?

A) microvilli
B) goblet cells
C) rugae
D) mucosa
E) simple columnar epithelium

Question 50

When food distends the stomach, the hormone __________ is produced, which stimulates the gastric glands.

A) secretin
B) gastrin
C) cholecystokinin
D) gastric inhibitory peptide
E) lipoprotein lipase

Question 51

The liver performs all of the following functions except:

A) breaking down proteins.
B) converting excess glucose to glycogen.
C) storing iron and vitamins.
D) detoxifying poisons that enter the body.
E) converting amino acids to urea.

Question 52

Which of the following is not an enzyme released from the pancreas?

A) trypsin.
B) chymotrypsin.
C) pancreatic lipase.
D) maltase.
E) ribonuclease.

Question 53

One of the principal functions of bile is:

A) protecting the stomach lining.
B) enzymatically digesting proteins.
C) stimulating peristalsis.
D) mechanically digesting fats.
E) enzymatically digesting starches.

Question 54

Figure 47-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
The process illustrated in Figure 47-2 is called:

A) peristalsis.
B) hydrolysis.
C) emulsification.
D) proteolysis.
E) diffusion.

Question 55

Which of the following statements accurately describes the following reaction?

A) enzymatic digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth by enzymes secreted by the salivary glands
B) enzymatic digestion of proteins in the stomach by enzymes secreted by the pancreas
C) enzymatic digestion of lipids in the stomach by enzymes secreted by the liver
D) enzymatic digestion of proteins in the small intestine by enzymes secreted by the pancreas
E) enzymatic digestion of lipids in the small intestine by enzymes secreted by the pancreas

Question 56

Which of the following is not true concerning the large intestine?

A) It is also called the colon.
B) It harbors beneficial bacteria.
C) It is involved with the absorption of sodium.
D) It is involved with the absorption of water.
E) It secretes digestive enzymes.

Question 57

Most chemical digestion occurs in the:

A) stomach.
B) ileum.
C) jejunum.
D) duodenum.
E) colon.

Question 58

Figure 47-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Each villus contains a lacteal, which functions to:

A) absorb the products of lipid digestion.
B) aid in the absorption of carbohydrates.
C) aid in the absorption of water.
D) secrete enzymes to aid in the absorption of fats.
E) remove protein from the interstitial fluid.

Question 59

Figure 47-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
The chemical reaction in Figure 47-2 occurs in the:

A) stomach as the result of secretions from the pancreas.
B) small intestine as the result of secretions from the pancreas.
C) large intestine as the result of secretions from the small intestine.
D) stomach as the result of secretions from the stomach.
E) small intestine as the result of secretions from the liver.

Question 60

A chylomicron is a:

A) hormone.
B) digestive enzyme.
C) protein-covered fat droplet.
D) component of bile.
E) component of fiber.

Question 61

The mineral responsible for more functions than any other mineral, including being a component of nucleic acids, is:

A) calcium.
B) magnesium.
C) phosphorus.
D) sodium.
E) iron.

Question 62

Which of the following statements about obesity is false?

A) The number of fat cells in an adult is determined by the amount of fat stored during childhood.
B) Genetics, not overeating, is responsible for obesity.
C) Obesity can result from an increase in the size and/or number of fat cells.
D) Many of the factors involved in obesity are inherited.
E) To lose weight, energy intake must be less than energy output.

Question 63

A digestive system involving a tube-within-a-tube is characteristic of Cnidarians.
____________________

Question 64

Which of the following is classified as a trace element in the human diet?

A) potassium
B) iron
C) sulfur
D) magnesium
E) sodium

Question 65

Leptin is a hormone released by:

A) adipose tissue.
B) the stomach.
C) the large intestine.
D) chylomicrons.
E) the liver.

Question 66

Which of the following statements about cholesterol is true?

A) If the blood contains too much HDL, cholesterol may be deposited on the arterial wall.
B) LDLs transport cholesterol from cells to the liver when cholesterol levels are high.
C) In order for LDLs to be taken up by cells, they must bind with an LDL receptor on the cell membrane.
D) Most plasma cholesterol is transported on HDLs or high-density lipoproteins.
E) Omega-3 fatty acids are thought to decrease HDL levels.

Question 67

Explain why the liver has a major role in protein metabolism.

Question 68

Compare and contrast the digestive process in animals with two-way flow through their digestive system and those that have a digestive system with one-way flow.

Question 69

Which of the following vitamins is incorrectly paired with its known function?

A) vitamin C-antioxidant
B) vitamin K-essential for blood clotting
C) folic acid-coenzyme for synthesis of nucleic acids
D) vitamin A-converted to retinal
E) panthothenic acid-promotes calcium absorption

Question 70

Briefly explain the process by which the components of a peanut butter and jelly sandwich would be absorbed once they have been broken down.

Question 71

Which of the following is produced during the hydrogenation of vegetable oils?

A) HDLs
B) LDLs
C) trans fatty acids
D) free radicals
E) neuropeptide Y

Question 72

Which of the following is not a fat-soluble vitamin?

A) vitamin A
B) B-complex vitamins
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin K
E) vitamin E

Question 73

An essential amino acid is one that:

A) can only be obtained by eating plant and not animal protein.
B) is absolutely required in large quantities for the body to function.
C) is required in amounts of less than 100 milligrams per day.
D) must be converted to glucose in the liver.
E) cannot be made by the body, so it must be supplied in the diet.

Question 74

Which of the following is not an example of a phytochemical?

A) ghrelin
B) carotenoids
C) lycopene
D) flavonoids
E) organosulfur compounds

Question 75

Folds of the stomach wall are called rugae.
____________________

Question 76

Food leaving the pharynx moves next into the stomach.
____________________

Question 77

In the process of ß-oxidation, _______ are converted to _______.

A) acetyl CoA; omega-3 fatty acids
B) acetyl CoA; ketone bodies
C) LDLs; HDLs
D) fatty acids; acetyl CoA
E) HDLs; LDLs

Question 78

The teeth in the very front of your mouth are incisors.
____________________

Question 79

Peristalsis refers to waves of muscular contractions
____________________

Question 80

Which of the following statements concerning starvation is true?

A) Ketone bodies are rapidly produced.
B) Fat metabolism is greatly reduced.
C) There is a risk of the blood becoming too basic.
D) There are too many phytochemicals in the blood.
E) It is safe for obese individuals to undergo starvation.