Deck 2: Perspectives on Abnormal Psychology

Question 1

Which model of mental disorder focuses on external environmental events and includes the family systems perspective?

A)Sociocultural
B)Psychodynamic
C)Cognitive
D)Humanistic

Answer 1

Sociocultural

Question 2

Mental health professionals use perspectives, called models, to

A)discredit other professional's ideas.
B)understand why someone has problems.
C)separate symptoms from syndromes.
D)apply their own feelings to a diagnosis.

Answer 2

understand why someone has problems.

Question 3

The terms genotype and phenotype refer respectively to

A)one's genetic composition and one's observable characteristics.
B)the allele combinations and the notion of personality.
C)genetic engineering and physical alterations.
D)one's observable traits and one's genetic code.

Answer 3

one's genetic composition and one's observable characteristics.

Question 4

There are five main models used to explain mental disorders.These models influence

A)the way we think about mental disorders.
B)the way we assess mental disorders.
C)the way we treat mental disorders.
D)all of these are influenced by the five models.

Question 5

Ari has had a great deal of difficulty functioning in the last year.He has gone to a therapist for an evaluation and assessment to help diagnose the nature of his problems.As part of the assessment, the therapist shows him images of different inkblots and asks Ari to describe what he sees in the inkblot.The therapist believes that Ari's responses reveal unconscious conflicts that may be the root cause of his problems.Ari's therapist probably supports the model.

A)cognitive-behavioral
B)humanistic
C)sociocultural
D)psychodynamic

Question 6

There are five main models described in your text used to explain mental disorders.Which of the following is NOT one of the models included in your text?

A)Cognitive-behavioral
B)Sociocultural
C)Psychosocial
D)Psychodynamic

Question 7

The genetic composition of a person is known as a and is fixed at birth, whereas an observable characteristic of a person is known as a and can change over time.

A)phenotype; genotype
B)genotype; phenotype
C)chromosome; genetic expression
D)genetic expression; chromosome

Question 8

When assessing syndromes, many psychiatrists believe

A)they are all nearly interchangeable.
B)the brain and the body are entirely separate.
C)they have no bearing on treatment.
D)each syndrome has its own biological cause.

Question 9

The biological model rests on the assumption that mental states, emotions, and behaviors arise from

A)brain function and other physical processes.
B)motives and conflicts within a person.
C)choice, free will, and personal growth.
D)measurable environmental stimuli.

Question 10

The basis of the biological model is

A)a patient must have knowledge of biology.
B)nature and nurture work together.
C)based on brain function and physical causes.
D)a strong emphasis on the environment.

Question 11

Regarding models of abnormal behavior,

A)each practitioner develops their own labels and descriptions.
B)they are not accepted by the APA.
C)many professionals integrate the models.
D)strict, rigid boundaries dictate the exact interpretations.

Question 12

In the opening scenario of Chapter 2 in your text, Mariella began experiencing a combination of physical and mental discontents.Her friends and college cohorts believed that she was suffering from

A)homesickness.
B)depression.
C)anorexia.
D)narcolepsy.

Question 13

The research area dedicated to understanding what specific inherited genes contribute to mental disorders is called

A)molecular genetics.
B)behavioral genetics.
C)chromosomal analysis.
D)dementia praecox.

Question 14

When scientists study the impact of genetic and environmental influences, the research area is called

A)genetic behavior.
B)gene splicing.
C)behavior genetics.
D)genome mapping.

Question 15

Dementia praecox, one of the two major mental disorders proposed by Emil Kraepelin, is most similar to

A)schizophrenia.
B)bipolar disorder.
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D)dissociative identity disorder.

Question 16

Emil Kraepelin noticed clusters of symptoms that became referred to as

A)syndromes.
B)psychosis.
C)diagnostics.
D)diagnosis.

Question 17

The person considered to be the father of psychiatric classification and a major contributor to the biological model was

A)Emile Durkheim.
B)Emil Kraepelin.
C)Philippe Pinel.
D)Clifford Beers.

Question 18

Kraepelin believed syndromes to be separate from one another, and that each syndrome

A)can be traced to genetics.
B)has unique causes, symptoms, and outcomes.
C)is impacted by neurotransmitters.
D)has brain change associated with it.

Question 19

Genetic material refers to genetic contained in the nucleus of every human cell.

A)axons
B)familial patterns
C)"codes"
D)neurotransmitters

Question 20

John has a number of observable characteristics that may have the ability to change over time.These observable characteristics are known as a person's

A)genotype.
B)behavioral genetics.
C)phenotype.
D)neurotransmitter response.

Question 21

The central nervous system is made up of

A)neurons in the center of the brain.
B)the endocrine and exoskeleton systems.
C)the brain and spinal cord.
D)internal cells that are mainly afferent in nature.

Question 22

The section of the brain that is largely responsible for consciousness, memory, attention, and higher-order functioning is the

A)cerebral cortex.
B)frontal lobe.
C)limbic system.
D)thalamus.

Question 23

The section of the brain associated with touch is the

A)limbic system.
B)occipital lobe.
C)parietal lobe.
D)frontal lobe.

Question 24

Researchers in the field of analyze DNA to identify associations between specific genes and mental disorders.

A)behavior genetics
B)abnormal psychology
C)maladaptive behavior
D)molecular genetics

Question 25

Which area of the brain regulates emotions and impulses and includes the hippocampus and the amygdala?

A)Pons
B)Thalamus
C)Basal ganglia
D)Limbic system

Question 26

The two hemispheres of the brain

A)each control movement for the opposite side of the body.
B)have generalized functions that either hemisphere can perform.
C)do not communicate with each other.
D)all of these are related to the two hemispheres of the brain.

Question 27

Medications influence neurotransmitter systems to treat mental disorder.Medications may to increase neurotransmitter levels.

A)block synapses
B)block reuptake
C)stimulate membranes
D)stimulate reuptake

Question 28

Which disorder has the lowest genetic heritability?

A)Depression
B)Bipolar disorder
C)Schizophrenia
D)Substance use disorder

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT the correct pairing between the neurotransmitter and its major functions?

A)Serotonin; processing of information, regulation of mood, behavior, and thought processes
B)Norepinephrine; regulation of arousal, mood, behavior, and sleep
C)Dopamine; learning and memory
D)Acetylcholine; motor behavior, reward, attention

Question 30

The small gap between neurons that facilitates neurotransmitter activity is called the

A)terminal gap.
B)fluid cleft.
C)synapse.
D)reabsorption zone.

Question 31

The cerebral cortex of the brain has

A)a smooth surface.
B)four lobe areas in each hemisphere.
C)the ability to perform only emotional processing.
D)inner surfaces of the cerebrum.

Question 32

According to Chapter 2 of your text, six major neurotransmitters will be discussed throughout your book.Which one of the following is NOT one of them?

A)Dopamine
B)Serotonin
C)Adrenaline
D)Norepinephrine

Question 33

The text suggests that the main cortex area that mental health researchers focus on is the

A)frontal lobe.
B)thalamus.
C)occipital lobe.
D)basal ganglia.

Question 34

Decreased neurotransmitter activity happens when , and increased neurotransmitter activity happens when ____.

A)depression occurs; anxiety or mania occurs
B)medications block neurotransmitters; medications block the reabsorption
C)membranes leak; membranes in large
D)enzymes activate; and send deactivate

Question 35

Nerve cells (neurons) have four basic structures:

A)glia, neurotransmitters, membrane, and axon.
B)dendrites, cell body, axon, and terminal buttons.
C)axon, soma, cell body, and synapse.
D)electrolyte, ion, membrane, and dendrite.

Question 36

When neurotransmitters are reabsorbed it is called

A)polarization.
B)reformation.
C)permeable action.
D)reuptake.

Question 37

The section of the brain responsible for movement, planning, inhibiting behavior, and decision making is the

A)limbic system.
B)occipital lobe.
C)parietal lobe.
D)frontal lobe.

Question 38

The amount of variation in a phenotype attributed to genetic factors is known as

A)genotype.
B)phenotype.
C)heritability.
D)molecular genetics.

Question 39

Liesl is working on a research grant that aims to identify the specific genes involved in autism.She and her colleagues want to understand how these genes work to produce the symptoms associated with autism in all its varying degrees.Liesl is involved in the study of

A)psychiatry.
B)child psychology.
C)behavior genetics.
D)molecular genetics.

Question 40

The midbrain contains the , which is involved in arousal and stress or tension.

A)reticular activating system
B)medulla
C)pons
D)cerebellum

Question 41

The is an organized, rational system that uses higher-order thinking processes to obtain gratification.

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)defense mechanism

Question 42

Findings from the biological model have led to better knowledge about

A)which genes are inherited.
B)how neurotransmitter effects can help treat mental disorder.
C)how brain changes over time lead to abnormal behavior.
D)all of these have been assisted by the biological model.

Question 43

The deep valley in the cerebral cortex that divides the frontal lobe from the rest of the brain is the

A)longitudinal fissure.
B)central fissure.
C)lateral fissure.
D)subcortical fissure.

Question 44

Based on your text's description of the function associated with different brain structures, which brain structure below is MOST likely to be associated with an eating disorder?

A)Hypothalamus
B)Thalamus
C)Pons
D)Medulla

Question 45

Freud proposed that each person progresses through stages of development.

A)erogenous
B)psychodynamic
C)retrosexual
D)psychosexual

Question 46

The area of the brain that is located behind the parietal and temporal lobes, associated with vision, is the

A)cerebellum.
B)prefrontal cortex.
C)occipital lobe.
D)frontal lobe.

Question 47

Several basic principles comprise the psychodynamic perspective, including

A)childhood experiences have little impact on adult personality.
B)causes and purposes of human behavior are not always obvious.
C)people use meditation to control anxiety or stress.
D)all of the above are principles within the psychodynamic perspective.

Question 48

Lydia is excessively neat and compulsive.A therapist who supports the psychodynamic model might argue that Lydia is fixated at the stage of psychosexual development.

A)oral
B)anal
C)phallic
D)latency

Question 49

Shayne has been diagnosed with depression.Her psychiatrist has just prescribed a medication, and it seems to be very effective.It probably is targeting which neurotransmitter to alleviate Shayne's symptoms?

A)Glutamate
B)Dopamine
C)Serotonin
D)Acetylcholine

Question 50

The id operates on the principle.

A)reality
B)pleasure
C)morality
D)suggestive

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT one of the limitations of the biological model?

A)It does not provide a full account of any mental disorder.
B)It does not explain how biological factors cause mental disorders.
C)It ignores the role of family, stress, and other environmental factors.
D)It has had very little impact on how we treat mental disorders.

Question 52

According to the psychodynamic model, are strategies used to cope with unconscious anxiety or stressors, such as conflict with others.

A)unconscious motivations
B)defense mechanisms
C)psychic determinism
D)primary process

Question 53

The ego uses processes to mediate demands of the id and demands of the environment.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)moral

Question 54

A key aspect of the psychodynamic perspective is unconscious motivation, which refers to

A)use of defense mechanisms to control anxiety or stress.
B)hidden realms of emotion, thought, and behavior may drive us to act in a certain way.
C)the idea that everything we do has meaning and purpose and is goal-directed.
D)the concept that the id propels us to meet basic demands such as hunger.

Question 55

Dawud was at a party where pretty much everyone was intoxicated.Although Dawud would very much like to fit in with his peers at the party, he has been raised to believe that intoxication is wrong, and he can't bring himself to participate in the revelries.Which part of Dawud's personality, according to the psychodynamic model, has influenced Dawud's choice to abstain from the drinking at the party?

A)Id
B)Ego
C)Superego
D)Superid

Question 56

Hidden realms of emotion, thought, and behavior may affect motives that drive us to act in certain ways.This is known as

A)unconscious motivation.
B)defense mechanisms.
C)psychic determinism.
D)primary process.

Question 57

Scientists in disciplines such as cognitive and social psychology and neuroscience have found that cognitive and behavioral processes

A)always appear to be under cognitive control.
B)do not always appear to be under cognitive control.
C)are only measured at the conscious level.
D)are only measured at the unconscious level.

Question 58

Holly constantly talks too much.She smokes, overeats, and bites her fingernails.A therapist who supports the psychodynamic model might see Holly as fixated on the stage of psychosexual development.

A)oral
B)anal
C)phallic
D)genital

Question 59

Medications that decrease generally have antipsychotic effects to ease symptoms of schizophrenia.

A)norepinephrine
B)acetylcholine
C)dopamine
D)glutamate

Question 60

The structure located in the limbic system that is involved in emotion and aggression is the

A)medulla.
B)hippocampus.
C)thalamus.
D)amygdala.

Question 61

Ferris is telling his therapist about the crazy dream he had."I went down to the dining hall, and when I got there, someone told me I had to jog around the building three times before I could get my breakfast.So I did, and as I ran, I bumped into my professor and she started chasing me." Ferris is describing the content of his dream to his therapist.

A)manifest
B)latent
C)projective
D)objective

Question 62

Returning to a stage that previously gave a person much gratification is the defense mechanism called

A)reaction formation.
B)repression.
C)regression.
D)projection.

Question 63

A basic ego defense that occurs when a person banishes threatening feelings, thoughts, or impulses from consciousness is

A)reaction formation.
B)repression.
C)regression.
D)projection.

Question 64

A child deprived or neglected during the oral stage of development may compensate in adulthood by engaging in behaviors such as

A)smoking.
B)talking.
C)drinking alcohol.
D)all of the above may be results.

Question 65

Sally begins to yell at her therapist in the same manner that she did to her father when she was a child. Psychodynamic therapy would explain this behavior as

A)projection.
B)transference.
C)analysis.
D)manifestation.

Question 66

The cornerstone of psychodynamic therapy and the method by which unconscious meanings of thoughts and behavior are revealed is

A)insight therapy.
B)projection.
C)interpretation.
D)dream analysis.

Question 67

Mariella, from the scenario in Chapter 2 of the text, may have developed her depression due to

A)unconscious conflict of emotions.
B)conscious conflict of emotions.
C)unconscious expression of emotions.
D)conscious expression of emotions.

Question 68

Sexual organs become the prime source of gratification during the stage.

A)oral
B)anal
C)phallic
D)genital

Question 69

Which defense mechanism refers to attributing one's own unacceptable motives or impulses to another person?

A)Intellectualization
B)Regression
C)Projection
D)Reaction formation

Question 70

The events depicted in a dream are known as the content.

A)insight
B)projective
C)manifest
D)latent

Question 71

In the course of one therapy session, Stanley suddenly understands that the reason he has been depressed is because he is unconsciously angry at his parents for pushing him to be a doctor.Stanley's sudden understanding into his unconscious emotion and its connection to his depression illustrates

A)projection.
B)manifest content.
C)insight.
D)transference.

Question 72

Projection occurs when

A)one's own feelings are attributed to another person.
B)a person acts younger than they are.
C)thoughts are pushed out of consciousness.
D)a person transfers feelings to their therapist.

Question 73

From the perspective of the psychodynamic model, ego defenses are thought to be during sleep, making dream analysis a valuable tool.

A)lower
B)higher
C)less creative
D)more creative

Question 74

When unconscious feelings are attributed to another person, has occurred.

A)reaction formation
B)repression
C)regression
D)projection

Question 75

Kalvin is completing a projective assessment.He is shown different cards with pictures on them and asked to generate a story about what the card depicts.His therapist then analyzes his responses for clues as to his unconscious motivations.Kalvin is most likely taking which personality test?

A)Rorschach Inkblot Test
B)Thematic Apperception Test
C)Myers-Briggs Test
D)The MMPI

Question 76

Fixation can be caused when

A)excessive frustration or overindulgence at a psychosexual stage occurs.
B)if the Oedipus complex overtakes the Electra complex.
C)regression has occurred.
D)a client represses feelings.

Question 77

Jason has removed feelings and thoughts of his abusive childhood from his conscious memory through the process of

A)reaction formation.
B)repression.
C)regression.
D)projection.

Question 78

Psychodynamic mental health professionals often assess unconscious motivations and conflicts using techniques.

A)behavioral
B)cognitive
C)projective
D)biological

Question 79

The projective hypothesis is an assumption based on the belief that people

A)demonstrate unconscious needs in behavioral patterns of behavior.
B)think about their unconscious needs and wants.
C)reveal unconscious needs and conflicts when presented with ambiguous stimuli.
D)reveal internal conflicts in brain imaging techniques.

Question 80

The ego experiences when the id urges to seek impulsive gratification or when the superego imposes shame and guilt.

A)anxiety
B)depression
C)desire
D)withdrawal