Deck 6: Why Cant Everyone Be Just Like Us: Value Judgments, Ethnocentrism, and Human Differences

Question 1

From a sociological perspective, values

A)are cultural.
B)should be examined critically.
C)have contributed to many social problems.
D)all of these

Answer 1

D

Question 2

War tends to

A)discourage ethnocentrism.
B)encourage ethnocentrism.
C)have little or no effect on ethnocentrism.
D)be used to justify ethnocentrism.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Loyalty to a social organization seems to

A)prevent ethnocentrism.
B)encourage ethnocentrism.
C)encourage social interaction with other groups.
D)be unrelated to ethnocentrism.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Values are statements of what

A)is true.
B)should be.
C)rules people should follow.
D)feelings people have.

Question 5

The tendency of a group of people to make judgments about other people is called ______.

A)relativism
B)values
C)ethnocentrism
D)oppression

Question 6

Punishing those who violate society's rules

A)shows where the limits of individuality are.
B)demonstrates there are consequences for violating society's rules.
C)reaffirms the rightness of the culture.
D)all of these

Question 7

The values an individual or organization holds

A)are often contradictory.
B)need to be consistent.
C)are easily changed when confronted with different values.
D)are rarely contradictory.

Question 8

According to the author, it is

A)not possible to prove that one value is better than another.
B)fairly easy to prove one value is better than another.
C)unlikely that people will have value conflicts.
D)not good for people to make value judgments.

Question 9

What is the relationship between ethnocentrism and oppression?

A)ethnocentrism may be used to justify oppression
B)oppression encourages ethnocentrism.
C)ethnocentrism and oppression reinforce each other.
D)all of these

Question 10

Social interaction encourages ethnocentrism because

A)people who interact come to share a culture.
B)as we interact with some we become isolated from others.
C)when we don't interact with others, their differences become difficult to understand.
D)all of these

Question 11

Which of the following does not contribute to the development of ethnocentrism?

A)social interaction
B)socialization
C)cross-cultural interaction.
D)loyalty to an organization.

Question 12

In the case of the slave trade in pre-colonial America, ethnocentrism

A)was the most important cause of it.
B)fought against it.
C)was used to justify it.
D)had little or nothing to do with it.

Question 13

According to Charon, most people

A)see value judgments as a problem.
B)understand that values are socially created.
C)believe that values are true and self-evident.
D)all of these

Question 14

Value judgments are statements

A)made only by obnoxious people.
B)of fact.
C)of preference.
D)that contradict what most people around us believe.

Question 15

Ethnocentrism is the tendency to

A)judge others by imagining the world from their perspective.
B)understand others by imagining the world from their perspective.
C)understand others through one's own culture.
D)judge others by using one's own culture as a standard.

Question 16

In the author's opinion, "Why can't everyone be like us?" is usually a question that

A)implies a value judgment.
B)seeks to understand human differences.
C)inspires interesting and intelligent conversation.
D)shows respect for others and their differences.

Question 17

The process of socialization

A)acts against ethnocentrism.
B)is intended to promote hostility toward others.
C)teaches ideas and values that the individual comes to believe are natural.
D)is important for trying to discourage the development of ethnocentrism.

Question 18

Values are the

A)bases for understanding the actions of others.
B)standards by which the actor judges the actions of others.
C)the way in which we behave according to our culture.
D)rules that the actor uses to determine how he/she should act.

Question 19

From the sociological perspective, widespread ethnocentrism develops in

A)only in the most traditional societies.
B)very few societies.
C)almost every society.
D)individuals but not societies.

Question 20

The most basic cause of the development of ethnocentrism is ______.

A)greed
B)social interaction
C)racism
D)narcissism

Question 21

According to the author, ethnocentrism becomes a ______________ for evil.

A)rationalization
B)substitute
C)conduit
D)All of these.

Question 22

Akasha claims that America is the greatest country that ever existed in human history.This is an example of:

A)social norms
B)symbols
C)ethnocentrism
D)None of these.

Question 23

Discuss values in terms of whether they are necessarily provable or consistent.

Question 24

Why does ethnocentrism arise, according to the author? Discuss at least 3 causes.

Question 25

__________ are perceived as violators of society's rules, truths and values.

A)Barbarians
B)Deviants
C)Men
D)None of these.

Question 26

Human differences are important because they

A)encourage a dynamic approach to understanding the world.
B)encourage self-reflection and evaluation.
C)can teach us respect and humiliation.
D)all of these

Question 27

What is the impact on social organizations of confronting social problems that are different than those confronting other social organizations?

A)they develop different social institutions and different cultures
B)each organization is less organized when it confronts social problems
C)different social problems have no impact on social organizations
D)social organization confronting more serious problems will have better social structures afterwards

Question 28

According to the author, what is the most significant source of the differences between China and the United States?

A)differences in race
B)difference in wealth
C)one is communistic and the other is capitalistic
D)each has had different types of problems to deal with

Question 29

What is a value, and how do people generally use or apply their values?

Question 30

What is the effect of conflict on an organization, according to George Simmel?

A)it encourages alternative ways of thinking among members
B)it creates a desire to try and understand the opposition
C)it silences internal dissent
D)all of these

Question 31

The author emphasizes that the most basic reason people are different from one another is because of

A)social conflict.
B)ethnocentrism.
C)racial qualities.
D)social interaction.

Question 32

Which of the following is not a reason discussed in the text for why organizations differ from one another?

A)individual members of organizations differ biologically
B)they have different histories
C)they have confronted different types of problems
D)social interaction isolates and differentiates them

Question 33

The author believes that ethnocentrism may be beneficial to society because it often contributes to

A)social change.
B)peace with other societies.
C)social equality.
D)social order and social solidarity.

Question 34

What is ethnocentrism; and what is involved in being ethnocentric, from a sociological perspective?

Question 35

What factor best accounts for the difference between the U.S.educational system and that of Great Britain?

A)The U.S.system only accepts the most talented students.
B)Universities in the U.S.are designed for the most elite students.
C)The purpose of education in the U.S.is to equalize opportunity to some extent.
D)all of these

Question 36

It is impossible for everyone to be the same because

A)people don't want to be like others.
B)there is no organization to society.
C)shared culture is rare among people.
D)social interaction can never involve everyone at one time.

Question 37

Freedom of speech is a typical American:

A)value
B)norm
C)law
D)All of these.

Question 38

Which of the following adjectives, regarding another's culture, could be ethnocentric?

A)primitive
B)uncivilized
C)backward
D)All of these.

Question 39

Explain the sociological perspective on values and value judgments.

Question 40

How does the author explain the fact that members of some minority groups have an easier time making it in American society than others?

A)Some groups have more members than others.
B)Each group has a different culture.
C)Each group has a different history in American society.
D)Some groups are the victims of prejudice; others are not.

Question 41

"The world is getting smaller." All over the world people are increasingly alike.How do you explain this?

Question 42

Using the discussion contained in this chapter, how would you explain to someone why the United States is different from Russia--or Canada--or France--or Mexico?

Question 43

How can a person avoid ethnocentrism? Give an example.

Question 44

Can ethnocentrism be functional for a society? Explain why or why not.

Question 45

How does socialization encourage ethnocentrism?

Question 46

From a sociological perspective, why are people different from one another?

Question 47

Is ethnocentrism a good thing? How does the author answer this? How would you answer this?