Deck 22: Global Involvements and World War I, 1902-1920

Question 1

The Roosevelt Corollary was significant to U.S. relations with countries in the Western Hemisphere during the 20th century because it established the precedent that the United States

A) had the right to intervene in Latin American countries.
B) would provide financial assistance to new countries.
C) would respect the rights of all countries.
D) would give military aid to developing countries.
E) had an obligation to fight communism anywhere it developed.

Answer 1

had the right to intervene in Latin American countries.

Question 2

The "gentlemen's agreement" was an

A) attempt on the part of Woodrow Wilson to teach Mexico to behave properly.
B) understanding between Theodore Roosevelt and J. P. Morgan on the regulation of the trusts.
C) agreement between the leaders of the United States, Great Britain, and Germany on the territorial integrity of China.
D) agreement between Woodrow Wilson and William Jennings Bryan over the formulation of foreign policy.
E) arrangement in which Japan agreed to end the emigration of Japanese laborers to the United States.

Answer 2

arrangement in which Japan agreed to end the emigration of Japanese laborers to the United States.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes Woodrow Wilson's policy toward Mexico?

A) He used air power to force Mexican rebels to capitulate.
B) He was very concerned about upsetting the balance of power south of the border.
C) He developed idealistic plans for encouraging political and social democracy.
D) He made moralistic pronouncements backed by military force.
E) He refused to have anything to do with Mexico until the Mexican people learned to elect democratic leaders.

Answer 3

He made moralistic pronouncements backed by military force.

Question 4

Why did the United States begin to lend money to the European powers after August 1915?

A) The Wilson administration believed that it had to make more than just a symbolic show of support for the Central Powers.
B) Respected legal authorities in the United States had decided that neutrality regulations did not apply to financial loans.
C) Theodore Roosevelt had convinced Woodrow Wilson that the United States had to do everything in its power short of war to ensure Allied victory.
D) The Wilson administration feared the economic, financial, and social consequences of American industry's failing to secure European business.
E) Secretary of State William Bryan feared that the allied powers might lose without American financial aid.

Question 5

During the last years of the nineteenth century, the United States responded to events in China by

A) sending an American gunboat to force the Manchu dynasty to capitulate.
B) requesting equal trading privileges and the opening of trading ports in China.
C) bombing the capital until Chinese terrorists surrendered.
D) sending covert aid to the Harmonious Righteous Fists in an effort to overthrow the anti-Western Manchu empress.
E) demanding that an arbitration commission be established.

Question 6

The Open Door Notes advocated free and open trade with which of the following countries?

A) Germany.
B) China.
C) Japan.
D) France.
E) India.

Question 7

What was the main issue in the 1916 presidential elections?

A) progressive reform.
B) corruption in the executive branch.
C) the war in Europe.
D) Philippine independence.
E) the marital infidelity of Charles Evans Hughes.

Question 8

In response to the sinking of the Lusitania, the United States

A) demanded that Germany cease unrestricted submarine warfare.
B) cautioned Americans against traveling on British or French vessels.
C) announced its intention to go to war to defend its rights as a neutral country.
D) declared war on Germany.
E) agreed to stop trading with any belligerent.

Question 9

What tied the United States to the Allies even before it entered war in 1917?

A) significant economic and cultural ties.
B) an alliance with the French guaranteeing French colonial possessions.
C) an agreement with the British exchanging bases for destroyers.
D) A pledge to support only democracies in wartime.
E) membership in the League of Nations.

Question 10

Who commanded American forces in Mexico and later the AEF?

A) Douglas MacArthur
B) Dwight D, Eisenhower
C) Leonard Wood
D) John J. Pershing
E) William T. Sherman

Question 11

In order to acquire the right for the United States to build a canal across Panama in 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt

A) signed a treaty with Colombia.
B) seized Panama.
C) helped facilitate a Panamanian rebellion against Columbia and then negotiated a treaty to lease a strip of territory.
D) purchased the completed canal from the French company.
E) paid Columbia $25 million for a ten-mile wide strip of land in its province of Panama.

Question 12

What did the members of the preparedness movement advocate?

A) They claimed Americans should not be allowed to travel on foreign ships.
B) They issued an international denunciation of war as immoral.
C) They supported rearmament and universal military training.
D) They called for an invasion of Germany and full-scale war with Austria-Hungary.
E) They volunteered to provided neutral mediation of the war to end it by Christmas.

Question 13

Which of the following nations used propaganda most effectively to demonize its enemy prior to the America's entrance into the war?

A) Great Britain
B) Germany
C) France
D) Belgium
E) Italy

Question 14

How did the Russo-Japanese war come to an end?

A) Japan forced Russia to surrender.
B) Russia forced Japan to surrender.
C) Theodore Roosevelt mediated the conflict and negotiated the Treaty of Portsmouth between them.
D) After fighting to a stalemate, they agreed to return to the same status as before the war.
E) The two nations signed the Treaty of Paris.

Question 15

The object of William Howard Taft's "Dollar Diplomacy" was to

A) use federal funds to buy access into South American countries.
B) advance American commercial interests abroad.
C) encourage countries to invest in the U.S. stock market.
D) persuade European governments to cooperate in making financial decisions.
E) bribe Chinese officials to obtain concessions for American businessmen.

Question 16

What was President Wilson's first official response when war broke out in Europe in 1914?

A) He announced a blockade of Europe on behalf of the Allied Powers.
B) He announced an embargo of all American products, so that the United States would not repeat the mistakes of the War of 1812.
C) He announced a declaration of neutrality and called on the nation to be neutral in thought as well as action.
D) He asked Congress to declare war on Germany to prevent a victory by a militaristic continental power
E) He announced a preparedness campaign in order to promote armaments and military training.

Question 17

The Great White Fleet was a squadron of battleships sent around the world in 1907-1909 by

A) Grover Cleveland.
B) William McKinley.
C) Theodore Roosevelt.
D) William Howard Taft.
E) Woodrow Wilson.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about Woodrow Wilson's Latin American policy is not correct?

A) He pledged never again to seek additional territory by conquest.
B) He sent marines to Chile to punish the Sandinistas for an attack on an American-owned plantation.
C) He sent marines to Haiti and the Dominican Republic to restore stability and protect American investments.
D) He wanted to protect U.S. investments in Mexico.
E) He used American troops to force a Mexican leader to abdicate.

Question 19

Which of the following was a new technique of warfare that was introduced in World War I?

A) ground warfare
B) sea conflict
C) air conflict
D) use of the bayonet
E) tactical nuclear warfare

Question 20

What was the initial reaction of most Americans to the outbreak of World War I in Europe?

A) They wanted to ensure that the United States could stay out of the conflict.
B) They wanted the United States to declare war against Germany.
C) They feared that war in Europe would propel the United States into economic recession.
D) They did not care because the United States had no ties to Europe.
E) They gleefully saw the war as a golden opportunity for American business to make money.

Question 21

Which 1917 legislative act established the American draft in World War I?

A) Selective Service Act
B) National Conscription Act
C) Federal Preparedness Act.
D) National Draft Act
E) Federal Service and Conscription Act

Question 22

Which of the following best indicates the policy that the United States government followed toward business during World War I?

A) busting more trusts during the war years than in the preceding dozen years.
B) deregulating most of the transportation and communications industries.
C) operating the railroads and creating five thousand government agencies to supervise home-front activities.
D) proclaiming that the war for democracy would be won by showing the world that private industry could do the job without regulation.
E) imposing many new regulations on business and industry but supervised them with a minimum of bureaucracy.

Question 23

Which allied offensive in the fall 1918 helped end the war?

A) Meuse-Argonne offensive
B) Ypres offensive
C) Mons offensive
D) Somme offensive
E) Alsace-Lorraine offensive

Question 24

In Schenck v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that

A) the U.S. Railroad Administration had acted unconstitutionally in taking over privately owned rail lines.
B) the government could curtail free speech when exercise of it presented a "clear and present danger" to the country.
C) segregated facilities for whites and blacks were acceptable as long as the accommodations were equal.
D) the conviction of Ethel Rosenberg on espionage charges had been unconstitutional.
E) the federal government did not have the right to propagandize American citizens.

Question 25

The Zimmermann telegram

A) pledged that Germany would not sink any more merchant ships without giving warning and saving civilians.
B) proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico in a war against the United States after which, Mexico would receive New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona.
C) demonstrated that Austria-Hungary had turned its back on Germany in order to save Italy.
D) contained proof that the Germans were committing such atrocities as bayoneting babies.
E) revealed Germany's designs to conquer and colonize much of Central and South America.

Question 26

Which of the following was not one of the activities of the War Industries Board?

A) It allocated raw materials.
B) It ensured production efficiency.
C) It coordinated military purchasing.
D) It encouraged industrial competition.
E) It established priorities for production.

Question 27

What do Randolph Bourne and Eugene V. Debs have in common?

A) They were all pro-German.
B) They were all opposed to World War I.
C) They all worked for the Creel Committee.
D) They were all convicted and hanged for terrorist activity.
E) They were all convicted of advocating socialism.

Question 28

The 1918 Influenza Pandemic

A) struck infants and the elderly particularly hard.
B) killed as many as 50 to 100 million people worldwide.
C) began as an avian flu in Asia.
D) originated in China.
E) was kept out of the U.S. by stringent government health regulations.

Question 29

Which of the following accurately describes Franz Ferdinand's importance?

A) His coup d'état in Germany led that country to declare war on Russia and France.
B) His studies of malaria allowed the U.S. Corps of Engineers to successfully deal with mosquitoes and build the Panama Canal.
C) His assassination sparked World War I.
D) His rise to the throne of Great Britain guaranteed Anglo-American cooperation.
E) His failure to make a firm stand against Serbia led to World War I.

Question 30

The purpose of the Commission on Training Camp Activities was to

A) provide religious services to soldiers in training.
B) supervise the construction and maintenance of military training camps.
C) provide educational and patriotic literature to soldiers.
D) wage a campaign against alcohol use and immoral behavior among American soldiers in World War I.
E) persuade Americans to support their local military camps.

Question 31

Which of the following is not true about the American economy during World War I?

A) Factory production increased by one-third.
B) Agricultural prices more than doubled
C) Cigarette consumption more than tripled.
D) The civilian work force contracted as Americans joined the armed forces.
E) Prices and wages rose.

Question 32

Which of the following was not one of the ways that Germany alienated many Americans?

A) It financed espionage in American war plants.
B) It sank American merchant ships.
C) It promised Mexico the return of Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico.
D) It engaged in unrestricted submarine warfare.
E) It distributed lurid and exaggerated propaganda about atrocities by the British.

Question 33

Which of the following was not a way that World War I affected American women?

A) Women served in the AEF.
B) A million women worked in industry during the years 1917-1918.
C) Millions of women entered the work force for the first time.
D) A constitutional amendment was ratified giving women the right to vote.
E) Women moved into better paying jobs.

Question 34

Which of the following descriptions best describes the American army when the United States entered World War I?

A) It was woefully unprepared, with little combat experience and an aging officer corps.
B) It was almost non-existent because of the pacifist tendencies of the Wilson Administration.
C) It was at its peak of fighting form after a year-long preparedness campaign.
D) It was staffed mainly with green draftees.
E) It was staffed with recruits and draftees drawn only from young men with the highest IQs.

Question 35

Which of the following does not accurately describe Herbert Hoover's involvement in World War I?

A) He headed the Food Administration
B) His policies pushed the United States into a serious depression in 1918.
C) He oversaw the production and allocation of wheat, meat, and sugar
D) He had to ensure supplies for the army as well as for the desperately food-short Allies.
E) He had been organizing food relief in Belgium when Wilson brought him back to Washington.

Question 36

What did the presidential election of 1920 demonstrate?

A) Americans still loved Woodrow Wilson.
B) The spirit of reform was still alive.
C) The nation was spiritually drained and wanted "normalcy."
D) The influence of munitions makers was widespread.
E) The people were tired of Wilson but wanted the League.

Question 37

Which of the following statements about the experiences of blacks during World War I is correct?

A) Black soldiers found the French even more racist than American whites were.
B) Black soldiers served in segregated units.
C) Blacks found it impossible to get jobs in northern industry.
D) There was a mass movement of blacks from northern cities to southern farms.
E) Blacks followed the advice of Booker T. Washington to "put down their buckets where they were," and for that reason few moved north.

Question 38

The Creel Committee on Public Information

A) was established by Woodrow Wilson to ensure that the American people had access to the full truth about the war.
B) used propaganda to spread the U.S. government's official version of the war.
C) was a propaganda agency secretly sponsored by the German foreign ministry.
D) worked to drum up support for the election of Republican presidential candidate George Creel.
E) attempted to turn public opinion against immigrants by painting them as agents of foreign revolution.

Question 39

Why did black Americans migrate to northern cities during World War I?

A) The federal government had used the wartime emergency as an opportunity to end southern sharecropping.
B) Southern blacks knew that race relations in the North were idyllic compared with those in the South.
C) They were seeking the economic opportunities afforded by northern industrial expansion.
D) They had been told that northern agriculture was more prosperous than southern agriculture.
E) They knew of the northern race riots and decided to move north to help their brothers.

Question 40

Which statement most accurately reflects the situation facing organized labor during World War I?

A) Wartime pressures brought about a record number of strikes.
B) Unions died out as workers embraced a new spirit of cooperation, communalism, and patriotism.
C) In an effort to ensure ideological conformity and to prevent dissent, the War Labor Board generally pursued anti-labor policies.
D) Union membership nearly doubled during the war.
E) Because of the booming wartime economy and a shortage of male workers, most workers were required to work twelve-hour days.

Question 41

While the Treaty of Versailles was opposed for many reasons, what was the most important criticism of it?

A) Article 10 seemed to limit America's sovereignty and infringed on Congress's constitutional power to declare war.
B) Article 10 called for U.S. forces to intervene in the Russian Civil War.
C) Article 10 claimed that all countries deserved some blame for World War I including the United States.
D) Article 10 ordered all countries to renounce the use of submarines.
E) Article 10 praised all economic systems including communism.

Question 42

Which statement best describes the Treaty of Versailles?

A) It embodied Woodrow Wilson's vision of a liberal peace.
B) It was agreed upon after brief and harmonious negotiations.
C) It was harsh in that it stripped Germany of territory and saddled that country with immense reparations.
D) It was rejected by the British Parliament because it failed to punish Austria-Hungary.
E) It showed the desire of the Western powers to integrate the new Russian government into the international system.

Question 43

The Fourteen Points were

A) Woodrow Wilson's statement of American war aims.
B) Herbert Hoover's guidelines for conserving food.
C) The Russian Bolsheviks' conditions for not revealing the secret treaties made prior to 1914.
D) David Lloyd George's plan for reconstructing the British Empire.
E) The Creel Committee's guidelines for censorship.

Question 44

Which of the following was not one of the reasons that Woodrow Wilson's efforts at the Versailles Peace Conference were hampered even before he left the United States?

A) Wilson decided to go to the conference personally.
B) The Democrats lost control of Congress in the November elections.
C) Wilson failed to appoint any prominent Republicans to the peace commission.
D) The President decided to lead the American delegation.
E) The Germans had already rejected the Fourteen Points as a basis of negotiations.

Question 45

In the two years after the conclusion of World War I, which of the following occurred in the United States?

A) wide-scale harassment of suspected radicals, violence against blacks, and a rash of strikes
B) resurgence of the liberal reform spirit of the prewar years
C) renewed commitment to the Wilsonian vision of a liberal democratic world
D) a split in the Democratic party into Eastern Internationalist and Western Isolationist branches
E) the political vindication of Woodrow Wilson at the polls