Deck 30: Liberalism and the Challenge to Absolute Monarchy

Question 1

The American colonies are best described as which of the following at the start of the American Revolution?

A) United
B) Divided
C) Apathetic
D) Conservative
E) None of the options are correct.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of these popular documents revealed how inflamed the colonists had become?

A) Common Sense
B) Poor Richard's Almanac
C) The Navigation Acts
D) The Articles of Confederation
E) None of the options are correct.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Of all forms of government, which of the following would the eighteenth-century liberals have been most apt to support?

A) Anarchy.
B) Absolute monarchy.
C) Parliamentary democracy.
D) Absolute democracy.
E) Constitutional monarchy.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

According to the text, who were the leaders of the American Revolution?

A) Farmers.
B) The middle class.
C) Radical revolutionaries.
D) The wealthy.
E) Recent immigrants.

Question 5

What was the the real American Revolution that manifested itself over time only by degrees after 1783?

A) The military victory by the colonies which gave them their independence from Britain.
B) The eventual ratification of the Bill of Rights and the follow-on amendments.
C) The establishment of a republican form of representative government without a monarch.
D) The establishment of American sovereignty after the Peace of Paris.
E) The revocation of the Articles of Confederation and the ratification of the Constitution.

Question 6

What is meant by the modern phrase of a "level playing field" relative to the concepts of the Eighteenth-century liberals?

A) That all citizens should be subject to universal political participation.
B) That everyone should have equal economic status.
C) Equal opportunity of proving oneself in competition.
D) The people should have total individual freedom.
E) People deserve to have equal societal status.

Question 7

The primary medium for political propaganda in the colonies were

A) petitions.
B) cartoons.
C) music.
D) paintings.
E) poetry.

Question 8

What would best describe the liberal concept of government?

A) Representative
B) Enlightened despotism
C) Parliamentary
D) Democratic
E) Egalitarian

Question 9

The major protest in the colonies in 1765 was generated by the

A) Stamp Act.
B) Navigation Acts.
C) Declaratory Acts.
D) Townshend Acts.
E) Quartering Act.

Question 10

Which country's government served as a role model for 18th century liberals?

A) France.
B) Switzerland.
C) Rome.
D) England.
E) Egypt.

Question 11

Which was not truly an 18th century liberal ideal?

A) Equality before the law.
B) Representative government for everyone.
C) Freedom of the press.
D) Freedom of assembly.
E) Liberty of conscience.

Question 12

Nineteenth century liberals believed that the cure for many of society's problems would be

A) financial success.
B) good jobs.
C) urban living.
D) education.
E) rationalism.

Question 13

What was the purpose of the Navigation Acts?

A) The Navigation Acts demanded the use of British ships for colonial trade.
B) The Navigation Acts were supposed to enforce proper seamanship.
C) The Navigation Acts designed to encourage competition among shippers.
D) The Navigation Acts encouraged trade via land-based transportation means.
E) The Navigation Acts led to improved road signs and directions for travelers.

Question 14

Because America contained no large numbers of the very poor, Americans

A) felt more comfortable with the concept of democracy than did Europeans.
B) reserved their special "consideration due to impoverished backgrounds" to the newest immigrants.
C) were more comfortable with Irish radical immigrants than they would have otherwise.
D) did not understand the French Revolution at all.
E) wanted to forget about the social problems then facing countries across Europe.

Question 15

The British government responded to the Boston Tea Party by

A) opening negotiations.
B) closing Boston Harbor.
C) attacking Americans at Lexington.
D) passing the Navigation Acts.
E) arresting all those involved.

Question 16

Which of the following was the source for nineteenth-century liberalism?

A) The Protestant Reformation.
B) The Spanish Inquisition.
C) The Glorious Revolution.
D) The Enlightenment.
E) The Counter-Reformation.

Question 17

Which of these was true of the American colonies in 1775?

A) Overall, their taxes were above average.
B) Per capita income was higher than in any European country.
C) The Hanovers kept a tight rein on the American colonists, but liberal ideas made that harder to do.
D) The colonists had offered to put together their own standing army so that Britain would not have to bear that cost, but they had been rebuked.
E) About one million free colonists lived in America by that time.

Question 18

The new government established in America surprised many Europeans because it

A) did not abolish slavery.
B) allowed most free white men to vote.
C) established so many laws concerning social issues.
D) was such a conservative body.
E) demonstrated that a large, representative government could function without a monarch.

Question 19

Which colony was at the center of the unrest in the American colonies?

A) Plymouth.
B) Georgia.
C) Massachusetts Bay.
D) The Carolinas.
E) Virginia.

Question 20

In the liberal perspective, the strongest branch of government should be the

A) executive.
B) judiciary.
C) legislature.
D) representative.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 21

The basic liberal philosophy is a product of the ____________________ period.

Question 22

The l'ancien regime, also known as the ____________________ in Europe could not be reconstructed after the wars and Revolutions from 1789-1813.

Question 23

During the height of the reign of terror in 1793-1794, the French Revolution, as led by the Jacobins, developed three notable concepts.What were those concepts?

A) Egalite, Liberte, and Fraternite, or Equality, Liberty, and Brotherhood.
B) All for One and One for all, Every Man for Himself, and Might makes Right.
C) France over All, Those who are not for us are against us, and May God Save the King.
D) Raise the Grand Army, March on England, and Conquer all of Europe for the Glory of France.
E) Form an executive branch called the Directory, break with all past practices, and remake mankind in God's image.

Question 24

Liberal thinking on government was derived largely from the writings of the English political scientist, ____________________, and the Frenchman, ____________________.

Question 25

The men who framed America's current Constitution believed in ____________________, but not equality before the law.

Question 26

French assistance to the North American Colonies was decisive during the American Revolution, but which of the following was another major factor in overall American success?

A) The colonial population's almost unanimous support in the colonies.
B) The colonies received substantial financial assistance from Spain.
C) The lack of enthusiasm for the war effort in the British Parliament.
D) The draft of the Articles of Confederation spurring the Patriots on.
E) The Amerindians support of the colonial effort opposing the British.

Question 27

Most white male citizens in the US

A) could vote.
B) could hold office.
C) had no economic restrictions based on birth.
D) were equal before the law.
E) All of the options are correct.

Question 28

The support that the British army had from their Parliament for the American war can best be described as

A) enthusiastic.
B) whole-hearted.
C) lacking fervor.
D) fanatical.
E) purely economic.

Question 29

La Grande Armee, Napoleon's magnificent war machine that had helped conquer most of Europe, was defeated in 1813 at Leipzig by a combined army of Russian, Prussian and Austrian forces in the ____________________.

Question 30

At the outset of the revolt against England, colonists wanted which of the following?

A) Complete freedom.
B) A true democracy.
C) A theocracy.
D) Representation in Parliament.

Question 31

In Europe, American liberal innovations had the most impact in ____________________.

Question 32

____________________, by Thomas Paine was considered radical but immensely popular.

Question 33

The text argues that the impact of the American Revolution on the social condition of most of the citizens was

A) monumental
B) truly revolutionary
C) minimal
D) highly significant
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 34

In a situation quite similar to the American Revolution, the French Revolution was triggered by a dispute over ____________________ between the monarch and his subjects.

Question 35

Regarding the issue of slavery, Americans

A) left the institution untouched.
B) openly condemned it, but only abolished it in the south.
C) encouraged individual Americans to free their own slaves.
D) passed legislation to end slavery in a 20 year time frame.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 36

Liberals of the 18th century generally believed that ____________________ was the best cure for society's problems.

Question 37

In France, prior to the French Revolution there were three "estates".What were those three estates?

A) The Primary Estate of the ruling class, the Mass Estate made up of the peasants and military, and the Church Estate of the clergy.
B) The First Estate made up of the clergy, the Second Estate consisting of the nobility, and the Third Estate which included everyone else.
C) The Philosophes Estate made up of intellectuals, the Major Estates consisting of the government, and the General Estate of the masses.
D) The First Estate consisting of the press, the Jacobins Estate composed of the terrorists, and the Liberty Estate of wealthy land owners.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 38

One reason the American Revolution is significant is because of which of the following?

A) It drained the English of their resources.
B) It brought about peace in Europe for the first time in a century.
C) The French proved inept in battle.
D) It was the first full revolt by a European colony.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 39

Under the ____________________, France agreed to help the Americans with both monetary aid and manpower.

Question 40

The American Revolution had the most direct impact on the citizens of

A) England.
B) Scotland.
C) Germany.
D) Spain.
E) France.

Question 41

What impact did the success of the American Revolution have upon other countries in Europe?

Question 42

Discuss the social issues surrounding the American Revolution.

Question 43

Describe the general course of the American Revolution.What factors contributed to an American victory over such a strong empire as Britain?

Question 44

Evaluate how and in why the British government's policy undermined the loyalty of the American colonies and led to the Revolution.

Question 45

Discuss the differences between the American Revolution and the French Revolution.Consider the outcome of the American Revolution and the emergence of a republican form of government, and the outcome of the French Revolution, which started to depose a king and ended with an emperor.

Question 46

Explain liberalism and the role of key Enlightenment thinkers.