Deck 3: Structure and Function of Muscles

Question 1

What muscle action term describes the muscle or muscle group that can oppose the action of the agonist?

A)Stabilizer
B)Antagonist
C)Synergist
D)Agonist

Answer 1

Antagonist

Question 2

Which of the following muscle fiber arrangements tends to produce a greater range of motion compared with other fiber arrangements?

A)Fusiform
B)Strap
C)Circular
D)Convergent

Answer 2

Fusiform

Question 3

When passively stretching a patient's muscle, what is MOST LIKELY to happen once the muscle reaches its critical length if the stretch is slowly continued?

A)No rise in muscle tension
B)Sharp rise in passive tension in the muscle
C)Immediate rupture
D)Gradual rise in passive tension in the muscle

Answer 3

Sharp rise in passive tension in the muscle

Question 4

The hand has a decreased ability to produce a powerful grip in the position as shown in the image.Why is this ability decreased?

A)Passive insufficiency of finger flexors
B)Passive insufficiency of finger extensors
C)Active insufficiency of finger flexors
D)Active insufficiency of finger extensors

Question 5

What muscle action term describes the contraction of both the biceps and the triceps at the same time resulting in no movement at the elbow?

A)Stabilizer
B)Antagonist
C)Synergist
D)Agonist

Question 6

What length of a muscle allows it to produce its greatest force?

A)Greatest number of actin-myosin cross-bridges
B)Shortest length of sarcomere
C)Fewest number of actin-myosin cross-bridges
D)Greatest length of sarcomere

Question 7

Which statement BEST describes the activity of the protein cross-bridges during an isometric muscle contraction?

A)Cross-bridge tension is greater than external forces.
B)Actin and myosin slide and become closer to each other.
C)Cross-bridge tension equals external forces.
D)Actin and myosin become farther apart.

Question 8

Which of the following characteristics BEST describes type I muscle fibers?

A)Fast contraction speed, low resistance to fatigue, anaerobic energy system
B)Intermediate contraction speed, intermediate fiber diameter, aerobic energy system
C)Alternating contraction speeds, small muscle diameter, anaerobic energy system
D)Slow contraction speed, high myoglobin content, aerobic energy system

Question 9

What is the stimulus that activates a muscle spindle, and what is the result of the activation?

A)Tension produced by active contraction or excessive passive stretch; inhibits contracting muscle
B)Changes in muscle length and speed of lengthening; activates muscle being lengthened
C)Tension produced by active contraction or excessive passive stretch; activates contracting muscle
D)Changes in muscle length and speed of lengthening; inhibits muscle being lengthened

Question 10

What type of muscle contraction is being performed by the biceps in the image?

A)Concentric
B)Isometric
C)Eccentric
D)Isokinetic

Question 11

Which of the following functional activities is a reversal of action of the quadriceps muscles?

A)Raising up on toes in standing
B)Standing on only one leg
C)Kicking a ball
D)Moving from a sitting to a standing position

Question 12

How does the speed of contraction affect the muscle's ability to generate force during a concentric contraction?

A)As speed decreases, ability decreases
B)As speed increases, ability decreases
C)Speed has no influence on ability
D)As speed increases, ability increases

Question 13

What type of muscle contraction is being performed by the biceps in the image?

A)Concentric
B)Isometric
C)Eccentric
D)Isokinetic

Question 14

Which statement is MOST correct concerning the connective tissue system associated with muscles in the human body?

A)Prevents transmission of forces to muscle tendon
B)Is not involved with tension during eccentric muscle contractions
C)Provides structure, conduit for blood vessels and nerves
D)Isolates each muscle from the other so that there is no interconnection throughout body

Question 15

What is preventing further stretch of the hamstrings as shown in the image?

A)Passive insufficiency of the quadriceps muscles
B)Passive insufficiency of the hamstring muscles
C)Active insufficiency of quadriceps muscles
D)Active insufficiency of hamstring muscles

Question 16

Which of the following characteristics describes large motor units?

A)Recruited first in most activities
B)Primarily type I fibers
C)Recruited in forceful activities
D)Has fewer fibers

Question 17

What is the stimulus that activates a Golgi tendon organ, and what is the result of the activation?

A)Tension produced by active contraction or excessive passive stretch; inhibits contracting muscle
B)Changes in muscle length and speed of lengthening; activates muscle being lengthened
C)Tension produced by active contraction or excessive passive stretch; activates contracting muscle
D)Changes in muscle length and speed of lengthening; inhibits muscle being lengthened

Question 18

Which statement BEST describes reciprocal inhibition?

A)Following a slow stretch of muscle, it contracts.
B)Following a slow stretch of muscle, it relaxes.
C)Following a quick stretch of muscle, it contracts.
D)Following a quick stretch of muscle, it relaxes.

Question 19

Which statement BEST describes the activity of the protein cross-bridges during an eccentric muscle contraction?

A)Cross-bridge tension is less than external forces.
B)Actin and myosin slide and become closer to each other.
C)Cross-bridge tension equals external forces.
D)Actin and myosin become farther apart.

Question 20

Which muscle action term BEST describes the biceps when activated to perform elbow flexion?

A)Stabilizer
B)Antagonist
C)Synergist
D)Agonist

Question 21

What risk is associated with adverse changes in skeletal muscle structures in elderly adults?

A)Increased risk of falls
B)Increased risk of heart attack
C)Increased risk of inability to sleep
D)Increased risk of decline in cognitive function