Deck 13: Structure and Function of the Ankle and Foot Complex

Question 1

What is the primary function of the tibialis anterior muscle?

A)Dorsiflexion, inversion
B)Dorsiflexion, extends metatarsophalangeal joints
C)Plantar flexion, inversion
D)Eversion, plantar flexion

Answer 1

Dorsiflexion, inversion

Question 2

Which of the following landmarks is used to palpate the proximal attachment and muscle belly of the tibialis anterior muscle?

A)Mid tibial shaft
B)Lateral tibial condyle and proximal tibial shaft
C)Mid fibular shaft
D)Medial tibial condyle and proximal fibular shaft

Answer 2

Lateral tibial condyle and proximal tibial shaft

Question 3

What is the arthrokinematic motion of the talus during open-chain talocrural plantar flexion?

A)Rolls posterior, slides anterior
B)Rolls and slides anterior
C)Rolls anterior, slides posterior
D)Rolls and slides posterior

Answer 3

Rolls anterior, slides posterior

Question 4

Which of the following foot arches has a characteristic of elasticity and is the main shock-absorbing structure of the foot?

A)Lateral longitudinal arch
B)Medial longitudinal arch
C)Transverse arch
D)Medial, lateral, and transverse arches

Question 5

Which of the following metatarsals has the least amount of mobility, allowing the other metatarsals to move around it so the foot can adapt to the ground during walking?

A)First
B)Second
C)Third
D)Fourth

Question 6

Which of the following bones comprise the midfoot?

A)Metatarsals, phalanges
B)Navicular, three cuneiforms, cuboid
C)Talus, calcaneus
D)Tibia, fibula, talus

Question 7

Which of the following bony configurations contributes to a greater capacity for ankle inversion compared with eversion?

A)Lateral malleolus extends further distally than medial malleolus
B)Lateral malleolus extends more anterior than medial malleolus
C)Medial malleolus extends further distally than lateral malleolus
D)Medial malleolus extends more anterior than lateral malleolus

Question 8

Which of the following bones comprise the forefoot?

A)Metatarsals, phalanges
B)Navicular, three cuneiforms, cuboid
C)Talus, calcaneus
D)Tibia, fibula, talus

Question 9

Which of the following bones comprise the rearfoot?

A)Metatarsals, phalanges
B)Navicular, three cuneiforms, cuboid
C)Talus, calcaneus
D)Distal tibia and fibula, talus

Question 10

Which of the following bones comprise the talocrural joint?

A)Metatarsals, phalanges
B)Navicular, three cuneiforms, cuboid
C)Talus, calcaneus
D)Tibia, fibula, talus

Question 11

Which of the following motions together make up supination of the ankle and foot complex?

A)Inversion, adduction, plantar flexion
B)Eversion, abduction, dorsiflexion
C)Eversion, adduction, dorsiflexion.
D)Inversion, adduction, plantar flexion.

Question 12

What is the primary motion that occurs at the subtalar joint?

A)Equal amounts of inversion/eversion and abduction/adduction, small amount of dorsiflexion/plantar flexion
B)Equal amounts of inversion/eversion and abduction/adduction, dorsiflexion/plantar flexion
C)Equal amounts of inversion/eversion and dorsiflexion/plantar flexion, small amount of abduction/adduction
D)Equal amounts of abduction/adduction, small amount of dorsiflexion/plantar flexion/inversion/eversion

Question 13

What is the typical angle of tibial torsion seen in adults?

A)Proximal end rotated 5°-10° laterally compared with distal end
B)Distal end rotated 20°-30° laterally compared with proximal end
C)Proximal end rotated 20°-30° laterally compared with distal end
D)Distal end rotated 5°-10° laterally compared with proximal end

Question 14

What is the function of the tibialis anterior muscle after the heel touches (heel strike or initial contact) the ground during walking?

A)Eccentrically plantar flexes foot toward ground
B)Concentrically lowers foot to ground
C)Concentrically plantar flexes foot toward ground
D)Eccentrically lowers foot to ground

Question 15

Which of the following ligaments is MOST LIKELY to be injured with an ankle inversion sprain?

A)Posterior tibiofibular
B)Anterior tibiofibular
C)Calcaneofibular
D)Tibiocalcaneal

Question 16

Which of the following motions together make up pronation of the ankle and foot complex?

A)Inversion, adduction, plantar flexion
B)Eversion, abduction, dorsiflexion
C)Eversion, adduction, dorsiflexion.
D)Inversion, adduction, plantar flexion.

Question 17

Which of the following muscles forms a sling to lift and support the transverse and medial longitudinal arches?

A)Tibialis posterior, fibularis brevis
B)Extensor hallucis longus, flexor hallucis longus
C)Tibialis anterior, fibularis longus (peroneus longus)
D)Flexor digitorum longus, soleus

Question 18

What is the arthrokinematic motion of the talus during open-chain talocrural dorsiflexion?

A)Rolls posterior, slides anterior
B)Rolls and slides anterior
C)Rolls anterior, slides posterior
D)Rolls and slides posterior

Question 19

Which of the following foot arches has a characteristic of rigidity and assists with forward propulsion during walking?

A)Lateral longitudinal arch
B)Medial longitudinal arch
C)Transverse arch
D)Medial, lateral, and transverse arches

Question 20

Which of the following ligaments is MOST LIKELY to be injured with an ankle eversion sprain?

A)Posterior talofibular
B)Anterior tibiofibular
C)Calcaneofibular
D)Tibiocalcaneal

Question 21

Which of the following motions at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joint motions is displayed in the image?

A)Adduction
B)Abduction
C)Flexion
D)Hyperextension

Question 22

Which of the following statements BEST describes characteristics and function of the soleus muscle?

A)Slow-twitch fibers, works over a period of time controlling body sway at the ankle
B)Slow-twitch fibers, produces powerful contractions needed for push-off when walking
C)Fast-twitch fibers, works over a period of time controlling body sway at the ankle
D)Fast-twitch fibers, produces powerful contractions needed for push-off when walking

Question 23

Which of the following muscle tendons are located in the tarsal tunnel?

A)Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus
B)Fibularis longus, fibularis brevis
C)Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus
D)Gastrocnemius, soleus

Question 24

What muscle provides the primary action of lifting the heel off the ground during walking?

A)Concentric open-chain contraction of tibialis anterior
B)Concentric closed-chain contraction of gastrocnemius
C)Eccentric open-chain contraction of extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus
D)Eccentric closed-chain contraction of gastrocnemius

Question 25

Which of the following statements BEST describes the function of the tibialis posterior muscle?

A)Inverts the foot when ankle is in plantar flexion
B)Inverts the foot when ankle is in dorsiflexion
C)Plantar flexes ankle
D)Inverts the foot in both dorsiflexion and planter flexion, assists with plantar flexion

Question 26

What is the function of the tibialis posterior on the medial longitudinal arch as the leg accepts weight-bearing during standing, walking, or running?

A)Concentrically contracts to lift arch upward
B)Eccentrically contracts to control rate of lowering of arch as leg accepts weight
C)Eccentrically contracts to lift arch upward
D)Concentrically contracts to control rate of lowering of arch as leg accepts weight

Question 27

Which muscles provide a gripping force on the ground during sway to help maintain balance?

A)Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus
B)Flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
C)Gastrocnemius, soleus
D)Fibularis longus, fibularis brevis

Question 28

Which of the following BEST describes the optimal position for stretching the gastrocnemius muscle?

A)Knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion
B)Ankle dorsiflexion
C)Knee extension, ankle dorsiflexion
D)Ankle plantar flexion

Question 29

What is the primary function of ankle and foot complex supination at the subtalar joint?

A)Places foot in position allowing foot to be rigid enough for propulsion during walking
B)Places foot in position allowing foot to adapt to various surfaces
C)Unlocks subtalar joint allowing foot to adapt to various surfaces
D)Unlocks subtalar joint allowing foot to be rigid enough for propulsion during walking

Question 30

What is the primary function of the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis muscles during open-chain activities?

A)Everts foot
B)Inverts foot, assists with dorsiflexion
C)Inverts foot
D)Everts foot, assists with plantar flexion

Question 31

What is the function of the fibularis longus during closed-chain activities when the body shifts weight from the rearfoot to the forefoot when walking?

A)Supinates forefoot
B)Provides support to medial longitudinal arch
C)Holds first ray in contact with ground
D)Provides mobility to first tarsometatarsal joint

Question 32

What is the primary function of ankle and foot complex pronation at the subtalar joint?

A)Places foot in position allowing foot to be rigid enough for propulsion during walking
B)Places foot in position allowing foot to adapt to various surfaces
C)Unlocks subtalar joint allowing foot to adapt to various surfaces
D)Unlocks subtalar joint allowing foot to be rigid enough for propulsion during walking