Deck 1: Functional Organization of the Human Body and Control of the Internal Environment

Question 1

______ feedback is often referred to as a "vicious cycle" because it leads to _______ instability and sometimes death.

A)Positive, progressive
B)Positive, diminished
C)Negative, progressive
D)Negative, diminished
E)Adaptive, progressive

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a "feed forward" control system?

A)The arterial baroreceptor system
B)The progressive nature of uterine contractions during childbirth
C)Control of skeletal muscle movements by the brain
D)Generation of an action potential

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in the body?

A)Clotting of blood
B)Return of blood pressure toward normal after a hemorrhage
C)Increased respiration rate caused by accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood
D)Decreased sympathetic nervous system activity that occurs in response to increased blood pressure

Answer 3

A

Question 4

When a person is at rest, how much time is required for the blood in the circulation to traverse the entire circulatory circuit?

A)1 second
B)1 minute
C)3 minutes
D)4 minutes
E)5 minutes

Question 5

Which of the following statements about homeostasis is incorrect?

A)It refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment for the body
B)Homeostatic mechanisms do not operate in diseases
C)Homeostasis requires integrated actions of the cells, tissues, organs, and multiple nervous, hormonal, and local control systems
D)Homeostatic compensations that begin after a major environmental challenge may contribute to abnormalities of body function

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?

A)Arterial baroreceptor control of blood pressure
B)Excitation of the respiratory center by increased blood carbon dioxide concentration
C)Hemorrhagic shock cause by severe blood loss
D)A and B
E)A, B, and C

Question 7

Which of the following substances has the highest extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid concentration ratio for most mammalian cells?

A)Sodium ions
B)Potassium ions
C)Carbon dioxide
D)Glucose
E)Protein

Question 8

Exchange of substances between the cardiovascular system and the interstitial fluid occurs mainly in which of the following?

A)Arteries
B)Arterioles
C)Capillaries
D)Venules
E)Veins