Deck 17: Reproductive Systems

Question 1

After sperm are released in the female reproductive system, they can move to the egg and fertilize it. Which is the correct order of structures through which the sperm will pass
a. vagina, cervix, body of uterus, oviduct
b. ovary, cervix, body of uterus, oviduct
c. endometrium, cervix, oviduct, ovary
d. ovary, oviduct, endometrium, cervix

Answer 1

Male sperm are released into the female vagina first. The sperm then travel through the narrow cervix and into the uterus , where they travel up to the oviduct , or fallopian tube, where fertilization normally occurs.
The only answer choice that presents the correct path of the sperm through the major parts of the female reproductive tract is answer choice a.

Question 2

An injection of LH might

A) trigger ovulation.
B) cause menstruation.
C) cause breast development.
D) cause a miscarriage.

Answer 2

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is secreted by anterior pituitary gland. An injection of LH might trigger the ovulation.
Hence, the option a is correct.
The estrogen hormone is secreted by ovaries causes the menstruation.
Hence, option b is incorrect.
The estrogen hormone secreted by ovaries causes the cell division in breast tissue and breast development.
Hence, option c is incorrect.
The estrogen hormone secreted by ovaries causes maturation of the egg and failure of progesterone hormone secreted by ovaries causing implantation of embryo and maintaining the endometrium may cause a miscarriage.
Hence, option d is incorrect.

Question 3

Which of the following structures is incorrectly paired with its function

A) prostate gland: adds alkaline fluid to sperm
B) seminiferous tubules: secrete testosterone
C) epididymis: provides for storage and maturation of sperm
D) ovary: secretes estrogen and progesterone

Answer 3

The hormone testosterone is secreted by interstitial cells that are located between the seminiferous tubules of the testes but not by the seminiferous tubules.
Hence, the option b is correct.
The prostate gland contains alkaline fluid that stores the sperm.
Hence, option a is incorrect.
The epididymis is the coiled tube where the sperms are matured and stored.
Hence, option c is incorrect.
The ovary secretes the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
Hence, option d is incorrect.

Question 4

A zygote

A) is the cell formed when the sperm fertilizes the egg.
B) will develop into a gamete.
C) contains one complete set of chromosomes.
D) usually forms in the endometrium.

Question 5

Choose the incorrect statement about the endometrium.

A) It is the part of the uterus that is lost each month as part of the menstrual flow.
B) It is where fertilization usually takes place.
C) It nourishes the young embryo.
D) It is where the embryo usually implants.

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct pairing of a structure with its function

A) endometrium: the usual site of fertilization
B) corpus luteum: production of estrogen and progesterone
C) epididymis: production of testosterone
D) seminal vesicles: storage of sperm while they mature

Question 7

The controversial pill mifepristone (formerly called RU486) works to terminate a pregnancy by preventing progesterone from acting. This effect would cause an abortion because progesterone is needed to

A) trigger ovulation.
B) cause the formation of the corpus luteum.
C) maintain the endometrium.
D) increase the levels of LH.

Question 8

Sperm are stored and mature in the _____________.

Question 9

You are a health care provider in a family planning clinic. Your first client is a woman who is 22 years old and in excellent health. She is about to marry her high school sweetheart. She and her fiancé have never had sexual intercourse with anyone. They want a very effective means of contraception because they would like to wait until he finishes graduate school to start a family. She does not smoke. Which means of birth control would you recommend for this client Why

Question 10

Fertilization usually occurs in the _____________.

Question 11

Beginning at puberty and throughout his life, a male produces millions of sperm a day. During sperm development and maturation, a process that requires months, sperm are vulnerable to certain environmental influences, including environmental pesticides. Researchers1 from the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health have reported that pesticide residues of food can affect sperm development. The excerpt below is from "Eating fruits and vegetables with high pesticide residues linked with poor semen quality," Harvard School of Public Health News Press Release, March 31, 2015. You can read the entire article at http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/press-releases/ eating-fruits-and-vegetables-with-high-pesticide-residues-linkedwith- poor-semen-quality/ "The researchers used data from 155 men... at a fertility center in Boston. Data included 338 semen samples provided during 2007- 2012 and validated survey information about participants' diets. The researchers classified fruits and vegetables according to whether they contained high amounts of pesticide residues (such as peppers, spinach, strawberries, apples, and pears) or low-to moderate amounts (such as peas, beans, grapefruit, and onions). They then adjusted for factors such as smoking and body mass index-both known to affect sperm quality-and looked for connections between the men's intake of produce with pesticide residue and the quality of their sperm. The results showed that men who ate greater amounts of fruits and vegetables with higher levels of pesticide residue-more than 1.5 servings per day-had 49% lower sperm count and 32% lower percentage of normal sperm than men who ate the least amounts (less than 0.5 serving per day)."
What was the variable in this study

Question 12

The interstitial cells

A) are found in the seminal vesicles.
B) produce a secretion that makes up most of the volume of semen.
C) secrete testosterone.
D) store sperm.

Question 13

Endometriosis, a condition in which endometrial tissue implants on pelvic organs outside the uterus, causes pain in the pelvic area. Why would the pain be greatest around the time of menstruation

Question 14

Beginning at puberty and throughout his life, a male produces millions of sperm a day. During sperm development and maturation, a process that requires months, sperm are vulnerable to certain environmental influences, including environmental pesticides. Researchers1 from the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health have reported that pesticide residues of food can affect sperm development. The excerpt below is from "Eating fruits and vegetables with high pesticide residues linked with poor semen quality," Harvard School of Public Health News Press Release, March 31, 2015. You can read the entire article at http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/press-releases/ eating-fruits-and-vegetables-with-high-pesticide-residues-linkedwith- poor-semen-quality/ "The researchers used data from 155 men... at a fertility center in Boston. Data included 338 semen samples provided during 2007- 2012 and validated survey information about participants' diets. The researchers classified fruits and vegetables according to whether they contained high amounts of pesticide residues (such as peppers, spinach, strawberries, apples, and pears) or low-to moderate amounts (such as peas, beans, grapefruit, and onions). They then adjusted for factors such as smoking and body mass index-both known to affect sperm quality-and looked for connections between the men's intake of produce with pesticide residue and the quality of their sperm. The results showed that men who ate greater amounts of fruits and vegetables with higher levels of pesticide residue-more than 1.5 servings per day-had 49% lower sperm count and 32% lower percentage of normal sperm than men who ate the least amounts (less than 0.5 serving per day)."
Does this study support a recommendation that men eliminate dietary fruits and vegetables

Question 15

Choose the incorrect statement about semen.

A) It helps lubricate passageways in the male reproductive system, so sperm travel through them more easily.
B) Sperm cells make up most of the volume of semen.
C) It helps reduce the acidity of the female reproductive system, thereby increasing sperm survival.
D) It contains nourishment for the sperm.

Question 16

A male friend of yours and his wife would like to have a baby. They are having difficulty conceiving a child. The doctor told him that the reason for this difficulty is a low sperm count. Since further tests are costly and would take time to complete, the doctor told your friend that as a first step, he might try wearing loose clothing and switching to boxer shorts, rather than his customary tight briefs. Why do you think the doctor made this suggestion

Question 17

Beginning at puberty and throughout his life, a male produces millions of sperm a day. During sperm development and maturation, a process that requires months, sperm are vulnerable to certain environmental influences, including environmental pesticides. Researchers1 from the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health have reported that pesticide residues of food can affect sperm development. The excerpt below is from "Eating fruits and vegetables with high pesticide residues linked with poor semen quality," Harvard School of Public Health News Press Release, March 31, 2015. You can read the entire article at http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/press-releases/ eating-fruits-and-vegetables-with-high-pesticide-residues-linkedwith- poor-semen-quality/ "The researchers used data from 155 men... at a fertility center in Boston. Data included 338 semen samples provided during 2007- 2012 and validated survey information about participants' diets. The researchers classified fruits and vegetables according to whether they contained high amounts of pesticide residues (such as peppers, spinach, strawberries, apples, and pears) or low-to moderate amounts (such as peas, beans, grapefruit, and onions). They then adjusted for factors such as smoking and body mass index-both known to affect sperm quality-and looked for connections between the men's intake of produce with pesticide residue and the quality of their sperm. The results showed that men who ate greater amounts of fruits and vegetables with higher levels of pesticide residue-more than 1.5 servings per day-had 49% lower sperm count and 32% lower percentage of normal sperm than men who ate the least amounts (less than 0.5 serving per day)."
Use at least three reliable sources to identify environmental factors that alter human sperm development.