Deck 22: Fat-Controlled, Mineral-Modified Diets for Cardiovascular Diseases

Question 1

Diseases of the heart and blood vessels are collectively referred to as:

A)coronary artery disease.
B)cardiovascular disease.
C)coronary heart disease.
D)ischemic heart disease.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Much of the treatment for coronary heart disease focuses on lowering LDL cholesterol.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The primary dietary recommendation for heart failure is a protein restriction.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Adaptive utensils and adequate training enable some people with feeding disabilities to be independent.

Question 5

The number of deaths from CVD is greater among men than women.

Question 6

Clinical studies suggest that an overweight hypertensive individual can reduce blood pressure by losing weight.

Question 7

Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States.

Question 8

Plaque consists of all of the following except:

A)fatty deposits.
B)smooth muscle cells.
C)fibrous connective tissue.
D)cancerous cells.

Question 9

Several of the major risk factors for CHD can be modified by diet and lifestyle.

Question 10

Deprivation of oxygen and nutrients to the heart can cause a myocardial infarction.

Question 11

The DASH diet is useful for treating hypertension and also reduces the risk of CHD.

Question 12

4.Ischemia refers to a deficiency of blood and oxygen delivery to the tissues.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about atherosclerosis is true?

A)It can affect almost any organ in the body.
B)It results in malabsorption.
C)It can interfere with the secretion of digestive enzymes.
D)It is rare in women.

Question 14

Patients who have had a stroke may develop nutritional problems due to their inability to communicate their food preferences.
Nutrition in Practice - Helping People with Feeding Disabilities

Question 15

The most common cause of an aneurysm is high blood pressure.

Question 16

Atherosclerosis is dangerous to arterial function because:

A)it causes decreased blood pressure on artery walls.
B)it increases arterial elasticity.
C)it narrows the arterial lumen so a clot can easily block it.
D)it changes the heart rate.

Question 17

formation of plaque is:

A)unrelated to high blood pressure.
B)an inflammatory response.
C)an autoimmune disorder.
D)limited to smaller blood vessels.

Question 18

8.Researchers have determined that elevated homocysteine is a known cause of atherosclerosis.

Question 19

Cottage cheese, American cheese, and parmesan cheese should be avoided by a person who needs to restrict their sodium intake.

Question 20

Of the dietary lipids, cholesterol has the strongest effect on blood cholesterol levels.

Question 21

All of the following have been found to be protective against CHD except:

A)antioxidant nutrient supplements.
B)eating 2 fatty fish meals per week.
C)dietary fiber.
D)moderate consumption of alcohol.

Question 22

four classic risk factors for CHD are:

A)smoking, high LDL, high blood pressure, and diabetes.
B)age, gender, family history, and diet.
C)smoking, high HDL, high blood pressure, and diabetes.
D)age, smoking, diet, and diabetes.

Question 23

primary blood cholesterol linked to increased CHD risk is:

A)HDL.
B)LDL.
C)triglycerides.
D)VLDL.

Question 24

the TLC diet for lowering LDL cholesterol levels, saturated fatty acids are restricted to _____% of daily kcalories.

A)7
B)10
C)15
D)22

Question 25

largest contributor of cholesterol in the American diet is:

A)meat.
B)fish.
C)milk.
D)eggs.

Question 26

TLC diet advocates a cholesterol intake of less than _____ milligrams per day.

A)100
B)200
C)300
D)400

Question 27

Which of the following dietary factors raises triglyceride levels?

A)high refined carbohydrate intake
B)low soluble fiber intake
C)high protein intake
D)low fat intake

Question 28

risk of atherosclerosis increases with all of the following except:

A)smoking.
B)exercise.
C)aging.
D)diabetes.

Question 29

person needing to lower her or his intake of saturated fat should avoid:

A)nuts.
B)baked goods.
C)fish.
D)legumes.

Question 30

Which of the following is not true regarding trans fats?

A)They raise LDL levels.
B)They are found in foods made with partially hydrogenated oils.
C)Their intake should be kept as low as possible.
D)They raise HDL levels.

Question 31

order to assess a person's risk for CHD, a complete lipoprotein profile should be obtained every five years beginning at age:

A)20.
B)35.
C)45.
D)50.

Question 32

Weight loss is associated with all of the following except:

A)a decline in blood pressure.
B)a decrease in LDL cholesterol.
C)an increase in triglycerides.
D)a decrease in insulin resistance.

Question 33

the TLC diet is adhered to closely, substantial lowering of cholesterol may be seen after:

A)two weeks.
B)three weeks.
C)six weeks.
D)twelve weeks.

Question 34

Plant stanols and sterols help to lower LDL and are often added to food products such as:

A)margarine.
B)bread.
C)milk.
D)cereal.

Question 35

The benefits of eating fish for those who have previously suffered a heart attack include all of the following except:

A)reducing blood clotting.
B)stabilizing heart rhythm.
C)lowering triglyceride levels.
D)lowering LDL levels.

Question 36

Clinical trials have shown that a daily intake of _____ grams of fish oil supplements (EPA and DHA combined) taken under the supervision of a physician can lower triglyceride levels.

A)1 to 2
B)2 to 4
C)4 to 6
D)5 to 10

Question 37

HDL levels:

A)are highly predictive of CHD risk.
B)are associated with underweight.
C)are not a good predictor of CHD risk.
D)are more prevalent in females.

Question 38

Which of the following forms of exercise is not considered aerobic activity?

A)cycling
B)weight training
C)stair-stepping
D)cross-country skiing

Question 39

fiber source that may be taken in supplement form to reduce cholesterol levels is:

A)oat fiber.
B)wheat bran.
C)psyllium seed husks.
D)fruit skins.

Question 40

TLC diet to reduce elevated LDL cholesterol includes a total fat intake of _____ of daily kcalories.

A)20-25%
B)25-35%
C)35-40%
D)10-15%

Question 41

Niacin taken in large doses:

A)lowers blood triglycerides and raises HDL.
B)lowers HDL and increases LDL.
C)lowers blood triglycerides and lowers HDL.
D)has no effect on blood lipid levels.

Question 42

DASH diet for a person who needs 2000 kcal/day includes _____ servings from the fruit group per day.

A)< 2
B)2-3
C)4-5
D)7-8

Question 43

Compared to the typical American diet, the DASH diet provides:

A)more fruits and vegetables.
B)less milk and dairy products.
C)more grains and fat.
D)more meat.

Question 44

Lifestyle modifications that help in the treatment of hypertension include all of the following except:

A)reducing weight, if overweight.
B)reducing sodium intake.
C)increasing calcium intake.
D)restricting fluid intake.

Question 45

The DASH diet limits the intake of:

A)fiber.
B)potassium.
C)magnesium.
D)saturated fat.

Question 46

Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions
Betsy Winslow is a 62-year-old retired school teacher.She is 5'3" tall and weighs 155 pounds.Mrs.Winslow is a member of a walking group that meets three mornings a week.She walks two miles each morning.After experiencing episodes of chest pain and shortness of breath when walking, she made an appointment to see her physician.Her laboratory results are as follows:
Total cholesterol 251 mg/dL HDL cholesterol 47 mg/dL
LDL cholesterol 146 mg/dL Triglycerides 203 mg/dL
Mrs.Winslow's 24-hour recall reveals the following intake:
Breakfast: Scrambled eggs Dinner: Fried chicken
Bacon Mashed potatoes and gravy
Toast with butter and jelly Buttered corn on the cob
2% milk Sweet tea
Coconut cake
Lunch: Hamburger pizza
Salad with Italian dressing Snack: Ice cream
Coke
Snack: 3 chocolate cookies
2% milk
reduce her risk of CHD, Mrs.Winslow's LDL should be:

A)<100 mg/dL
B)<130 mg/dL.
C)>140 mg/dL.
D)>120 mg/dL.

Question 47

Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions
Betsy Winslow is a 62-year-old retired school teacher.She is 5'3" tall and weighs 155 pounds.Mrs.Winslow is a member of a walking group that meets three mornings a week.She walks two miles each morning.After experiencing episodes of chest pain and shortness of breath when walking, she made an appointment to see her physician.Her laboratory results are as follows:
Total cholesterol 251 mg/dL HDL cholesterol 47 mg/dL
LDL cholesterol 146 mg/dL Triglycerides 203 mg/dL
Mrs.Winslow's 24-hour recall reveals the following intake:
Breakfast: Scrambled eggs Dinner: Fried chicken
Bacon Mashed potatoes and gravy
Toast with butter and jelly Buttered corn on the cob
2% milk Sweet tea
Coconut cake
Lunch: Hamburger pizza
Salad with Italian dressing Snack: Ice cream
Coke
Snack: 3 chocolate cookies
2% milk
Assuming Mrs.Winslow's 24-hour recall is typical of her eating habits, her high cholesterol is most likely due to a :

A)high intake of saturated fat.
B)high intake of fiber.
C)low intake of polyunsaturated fat.
D)low intake of simple sugars.

Question 48

patient who is following a low-sodium diet should avoid:

A)canned fruit.
B)fresh meat.
C)tomato-based products.
D)milk.

Question 49

follow the DASH diet, you would tell patients to:

A)choose fruit and unsalted pretzels as snacks.
B)use bouillon cubes and soy sauce to flavor foods.
C)avoid nuts and seeds.
D)reduce the amount of fiber consumed.

Question 50

Chronic protein-energy malnutrition that develops as a consequence of heart failure is called _____.

A)CHF
B)cardiomegaly
C)cardiac cachexia
D)tachycardia

Question 51

Health authorities recommend that the diet for treatment of hypertension include increased amounts of these three nutrients:

A)sodium, chloride, and potassium.
B)calcium, phosphorus, and zinc.
C)potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
D)folate, vitamin B₁₂, and calcium.

Question 52

Optimal resting blood pressure for adults is _____.

A)<105 over <55 mm Hg
B)<115 over <60 mm Hg
C)<120 over <80 mm Hg
D)<140 over <90 mm Hg

Question 53

Which of the following increases the effectiveness of the DASH diet?

A)low sodium intake
B)high protein intake
C)supplements of the water-soluble vitamins
D)low potassium intake

Question 54

Several hours after a MI, the patient's diet should consist of:

A)foods restricted in sodium.
B)increased portion sizes.
C)more frequent meals.
D)decreased carbohydrates.

Question 55

Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions
Betsy Winslow is a 62-year-old retired school teacher.She is 5'3" tall and weighs 155 pounds.Mrs.Winslow is a member of a walking group that meets three mornings a week.She walks two miles each morning.After experiencing episodes of chest pain and shortness of breath when walking, she made an appointment to see her physician.Her laboratory results are as follows:
Total cholesterol 251 mg/dL HDL cholesterol 47 mg/dL
LDL cholesterol 146 mg/dL Triglycerides 203 mg/dL
Mrs.Winslow's 24-hour recall reveals the following intake:
Breakfast: Scrambled eggs Dinner: Fried chicken
Bacon Mashed potatoes and gravy
Toast with butter and jelly Buttered corn on the cob
2% milk Sweet tea
Coconut cake
Lunch: Hamburger pizza
Salad with Italian dressing Snack: Ice cream
Coke
Snack: 3 chocolate cookies
2% milk
Based on her 24-hour recall, which of the following dietary recommendations is appropriate for Mrs.Winslow if she is to lower her blood lipids with diet alone?

A)Eat more whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables.
B)Drink less milk and eat less ice cream.
C)Choose foods high in insoluble fibers.
D)Eat fewer carbohydrates and choose more high-protein foods.

Question 56

Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions
Betsy Winslow is a 62-year-old retired school teacher.She is 5'3" tall and weighs 155 pounds.Mrs.Winslow is a member of a walking group that meets three mornings a week.She walks two miles each morning.After experiencing episodes of chest pain and shortness of breath when walking, she made an appointment to see her physician.Her laboratory results are as follows:
Total cholesterol 251 mg/dL HDL cholesterol 47 mg/dL
LDL cholesterol 146 mg/dL Triglycerides 203 mg/dL
Mrs.Winslow's 24-hour recall reveals the following intake:
Breakfast: Scrambled eggs Dinner: Fried chicken
Bacon Mashed potatoes and gravy
Toast with butter and jelly Buttered corn on the cob
2% milk Sweet tea
Coconut cake
Lunch: Hamburger pizza
Salad with Italian dressing Snack: Ice cream
Coke
Snack: 3 chocolate cookies
2% milk
alternate choice for the butter that Mrs.Winslow uses that could help lower her cholesterol is:

A)stick margarine.
B)margarine that contains plant sterols or stanols.
C)soft margarine.
D)margarine made from corn oil.

Question 57

Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions
Betsy Winslow is a 62-year-old retired school teacher.She is 5'3" tall and weighs 155 pounds.Mrs.Winslow is a member of a walking group that meets three mornings a week.She walks two miles each morning.After experiencing episodes of chest pain and shortness of breath when walking, she made an appointment to see her physician.Her laboratory results are as follows:
Total cholesterol 251 mg/dL HDL cholesterol 47 mg/dL
LDL cholesterol 146 mg/dL Triglycerides 203 mg/dL
Mrs.Winslow's 24-hour recall reveals the following intake:
Breakfast: Scrambled eggs Dinner: Fried chicken
Bacon Mashed potatoes and gravy
Toast with butter and jelly Buttered corn on the cob
2% milk Sweet tea
Coconut cake
Lunch: Hamburger pizza
Salad with Italian dressing Snack: Ice cream
Coke
Snack: 3 chocolate cookies
2% milk
Winslow's HDL level is considered:

A)desirable.
B)borderline risk.
C)high risk.
D)no risk.

Question 58

Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions
Betsy Winslow is a 62-year-old retired school teacher.She is 5'3" tall and weighs 155 pounds.Mrs.Winslow is a member of a walking group that meets three mornings a week.She walks two miles each morning.After experiencing episodes of chest pain and shortness of breath when walking, she made an appointment to see her physician.Her laboratory results are as follows:
Total cholesterol 251 mg/dL HDL cholesterol 47 mg/dL
LDL cholesterol 146 mg/dL Triglycerides 203 mg/dL
Mrs.Winslow's 24-hour recall reveals the following intake:
Breakfast: Scrambled eggs Dinner: Fried chicken
Bacon Mashed potatoes and gravy
Toast with butter and jelly Buttered corn on the cob
2% milk Sweet tea
Coconut cake
Lunch: Hamburger pizza
Salad with Italian dressing Snack: Ice cream
Coke
Snack: 3 chocolate cookies
2% milk
many diet-related risk factors for coronary heart disease does Mrs.Winslow have?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 59

Which of the following is not a risk factor for hypertension?

A)aging
B)salt sensitivity
C)alcohol abuse
D)excessive calcium intake

Question 60

common side effect of diuretic medications is:

A)dry mouth.
B)nausea.
C)increased taste perception.
D)increased appetite.

Question 61

The nurse is instructing a patient on a diet for the treatment of his hypertension.The nurse recognizes that the patient understands his diet when he says:

A)"I can freely use salt substitutes and low-sodium products."
B)"I can eat any foods I want in moderate amounts."
C)"I need to increase my intake of fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and milk and milk products."
D)"I don't need to be concerned about the amount of alcohol I drink."

Question 62

People with tremors, spasticity, and uneven or jerky movements may benefit from the use of:

A)a rocker knife.
B)a cutout plastic cup.
C)weighted utensils.
D)a battery-powered feeding machine.

Question 63

patient with heart failure complains of a poor appetite and weakness, and the nurse notices that the patient has begun losing weight.The nurse recognizes this as:

A)cardiac cachexia.
B)anorexia nervosa.
C)cardiomyopathy.
D)myocardial infarction.

Question 64

patient's lab work shows severe hypertriglyceridemia.The nurse understands that the patient's fat intake should be limited to _____% of kcalories per day.

A)5
B)15
C)20
D)35

Question 65

patient has begun taking furosemide to manage heart failure.Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend that the patient consume frequently?

A)legumes
B)peanut butter
C)bananas
D)milk

Question 66

Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions
Betsy Winslow is a 62-year-old retired school teacher.She is 5'3" tall and weighs 155 pounds.Mrs.Winslow is a member of a walking group that meets three mornings a week.She walks two miles each morning.After experiencing episodes of chest pain and shortness of breath when walking, she made an appointment to see her physician.Her laboratory results are as follows:
Total cholesterol 251 mg/dL HDL cholesterol 47 mg/dL
LDL cholesterol 146 mg/dL Triglycerides 203 mg/dL
Mrs.Winslow's 24-hour recall reveals the following intake:
Breakfast: Scrambled eggs Dinner: Fried chicken
Bacon Mashed potatoes and gravy
Toast with butter and jelly Buttered corn on the cob
2% milk Sweet tea
Coconut cake
Lunch: Hamburger pizza
Salad with Italian dressing Snack: Ice cream
Coke
Snack: 3 chocolate cookies
2% milk
of the following health professionals become involved in the care of patients with feeding disabilities except the:

A)nurse.
B)occupational therapist.
C)pharmacist.
D)dietitian.

Question 67

The patient demonstrates understanding of the DASH diet when he can verbalize:

A)"I should drink less milk."
B)"I should avoid red meat and alcohol."
C)"I should consume more fruits and vegetables."
D)"I should restrict my intake of fatty fish."

Question 68

The nurse is working with a patient who has been placed on the TLC diet to reduce his elevated LDL cholesterol.This patient needs 2800 kcalories/day to maintain his desirable body weight.Which of the following is consistent with this patient's diet prescription?

A)98-123 grams fat; < 50 grams saturated fat; < 75 milligrams cholesterol
B)62-109 grams fat; < 45 grams saturated fat; < 300 milligrams cholesterol
C)78-109 grams fat; < 21 grams saturated fat; < 200 milligrams cholesterol
D)90-112 grams fat; < 24 grams saturated fat; < 200 milligrams cholesterol

Question 69

nurse feeding a patient who has had a stroke observes that the patient is having difficulty swallowing the foods on her tray.The nurse recognizes this as:

A)angina.
B)Syndrome X.
C)dysphagia.
D)cardiac cachexia.

Question 70

nurse recognizes that an effective way to lower LDL cholesterol levels is to:

A)use reduced-fat margarine.
B)use margarines made with plant sterols.
C)switch from butter to margarine.
D)use butter instead of margarine.

Question 71

working with patients with disabilities, a valuable method for assessing current eating behaviors is:

A)interviewing the patients.
B)directly observing patients during mealtimes.
C)conducting nutrition histories.
D)talking with the occupational therapist.

Question 72

patient is advised to follow the TLC diet to lower LDL cholesterol.If the patient's daily caloric intake is 2000 kcalories, fat intake should be restricted to _____ grams per day.

A)44-78
B)56-78
C)44-67
D)56-67

Question 73

Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions
Betsy Winslow is a 62-year-old retired school teacher.She is 5'3" tall and weighs 155 pounds.Mrs.Winslow is a member of a walking group that meets three mornings a week.She walks two miles each morning.After experiencing episodes of chest pain and shortness of breath when walking, she made an appointment to see her physician.Her laboratory results are as follows:
Total cholesterol 251 mg/dL HDL cholesterol 47 mg/dL
LDL cholesterol 146 mg/dL Triglycerides 203 mg/dL
Mrs.Winslow's 24-hour recall reveals the following intake:
Breakfast: Scrambled eggs Dinner: Fried chicken
Bacon Mashed potatoes and gravy
Toast with butter and jelly Buttered corn on the cob
2% milk Sweet tea
Coconut cake
Lunch: Hamburger pizza
Salad with Italian dressing Snack: Ice cream
Coke
Snack: 3 chocolate cookies
2% milk
Which of the following team members works with the patient to demonstrate alternative feeding strategies?

A)speech-language pathologist
B)physical therapist
C)occupational therapist
D)dietitian

Question 74

patient's lipid profile shows elevated total cholesterol and LDL.The nurse recommends which of the following nutrition interventions?

A)eat less fiber
B)consume less saturated fat
C)consume less polyunsaturated fat
D)eat more protein

Question 75

Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions
Betsy Winslow is a 62-year-old retired school teacher.She is 5'3" tall and weighs 155 pounds.Mrs.Winslow is a member of a walking group that meets three mornings a week.She walks two miles each morning.After experiencing episodes of chest pain and shortness of breath when walking, she made an appointment to see her physician.Her laboratory results are as follows:
Total cholesterol 251 mg/dL HDL cholesterol 47 mg/dL
LDL cholesterol 146 mg/dL Triglycerides 203 mg/dL
Mrs.Winslow's 24-hour recall reveals the following intake:
Breakfast: Scrambled eggs Dinner: Fried chicken
Bacon Mashed potatoes and gravy
Toast with butter and jelly Buttered corn on the cob
2% milk Sweet tea
Coconut cake
Lunch: Hamburger pizza
Salad with Italian dressing Snack: Ice cream
Coke
Snack: 3 chocolate cookies
2% milk
common nutritional problem among people with disabilities is:

A)decreased energy needs.
B)increased protein needs.
C)inadequate food intake.
D)increased fluid needs.

Question 76

patient asks the nurse about the effects of physical activity on CHD risk.The nurse states that:

A)physical activity is not important in a program to reduce CHD risk.
B)weight training can dramatically raise HDL if undertaken regularly.
C)diet, rather than physical activity, should be the primary focus of reducing CHD risk.
D)30 minutes of moderate exercise on most days can reverse many risk factors for CHD.

Question 77

nurse is counseling a patient who recently had a heart attack.Which of the following dietary recommendations would be most appropriate?

A)eat two servings of fatty fish per week
B)consume more whole grains
C)consume fewer fruits and vegetables
D)use salt substitutes

Question 78

nurse is working with a patient who recently had a stroke.The patient frequently chokes and coughs when eating and is having difficulty feeding herself.The nurse understands that the best way to insure adequate nutrition for the patient may be:

A)to have an aid feed her each meal.
B)to tube feed the patient.
C)to ask a family member to be present at each meal.
D)to place the patient on TPN.

Question 79

Smith is a 59-year-old African-American female who is 5' 2" tall and weighs 180 pounds.She is a smoker who engages in no physical activity, and her diet history shows a high intake of saturated fat and sodium as well as excess kcalories.Her lipid profile shows elevated LDL and decreased levels of HDL.In order to raise her HDL levels, the nurse recommends that Mrs.Smith:

A)quit smoking.
B)eat less saturated fat.
C)consume less sodium.
D)take fish oils.

Question 80

People with only one arm or hand may benefit from using a _____ when eating.

A)utensil holder
B)rocker knife
C)flexible straw
D)two-handed cup