Deck 10: Animal Sensory Perception, Integration, and Movement

Question 1

A very rudimentary "brain" found in flatworms consists of a collection of neurons that integrate information called __________.

A) ganglia
B) a spinal cord
C) a nerve net
D) interneurons

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Stephen is studying the regulation of heart rate during exercise in rats. What portion of the brain is he studying?

A) brain stem
B) cerebellum
C) cerebrum
D) sensory cortex

Answer 2

A

Question 3

All of the following are important characteristics of a nerve signal EXCEPT

A) the type of energy.
B) the number of sensory cells stimulated by the same event.
C) the duration of the sensory signal.
D) the continuity of the sensory signal.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A reflex arc differs from other responses to stimuli in that ____________________.

A) it occurs without processing within the brain
B) no neurons are required to bring about the response
C) it involves a lot of integration and signal generation in the brain
D) motor neurons are typically not activated

Question 5

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

A) nerve net-simple nervous system common in radially symmetrical animals
B) CNS-consists of the spinal column and brain
C) interneurons-portion of the peripheral nervous system that integrates signals
D) spinal column-protects the spinal cord

Question 6

Which of the following correctly lists structures in order starting at the outer ear?

A) cochlea, eardrum, ear canal, hair cells
B) ear canal, eardrum, stapes, cochlea
C) incus, stapes, ear canal, cochlea
D) eardrum, hair cells, ear canal, stapes

Question 7

You get up in the middle of the night to get a drink of water and stub your left toe on the dresser. You reach down to rub your toe with your right hand. The sensory input from this activity is received by the __________ side of the brain, and the motor output involved with rubbing your toe is controlled by the __________ side of the brain.

A) right; left
B) left; right
C) right; right
D) left; left

Question 8

If you touch a hot pan while cooking, this is detected by __________, and the smell of the cooking food is detected by __________.

A) thermoreceptors; chemoreceptors
B) pain receptors; mechanoreceptors
C) mechanoreceptors; chemoreceptors
D) chemoreceptors; photoreceptors

Question 9

If you closed your eyes, you would still be able to write your name on a piece of paper. Which receptors are most involved with this activity?

A) mechanoreceptors
B) chemoreceptors
C) photoreceptors
D) all of these

Question 10

Where are rod and cone cells found?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 11

Which of the following is(are) associated with balance?

A) semicircular canals
B) cochlea
C) incus, malleus, and stapes
D) eardrum and ear canal

Question 12

Which of the following organisms would likely have the most complex nervous system?

A) sea turtle
B) sea anemone
C) earthworm
D) Portuguese man-of-war

Question 13

Which of the following is the cornea, and what is its function?

A) A-allows light into the eye
B) B-fluid that protects tissue
C) C-has light-absorbing pigments
D) D-receives sensory input

Question 14

__________ are the structural and functional units of the nervous system.

A) Neurons
B) Brains
C) Nerves
D) Dendrites

Question 15

Rattlesnakes strike and inject venom into prey and then release the prey item and follow it until the venom takes its effect. Typically, rattlesnakes strike at the base of the skull, and their strike accuracy is very high. Because the brain is very active, it produces a lot of heat, and this is detected by the snakes with __________ located in pit organs on the anterior region of the head.

A) thermoreceptors
B) photoreceptors
C) chemoreceptors
D) pain receptors

Question 16

Place the following in order from smallest to largest.

A) dendrite, neuron, axon, brain
B) neuron, dendrite, brain, axon
C) dendrite, axon, neuron, brain
D) brain, axon, neuron, dendrite

Question 17

As you are reading this question, your brain interprets the information and a __________ is required for you to physically circle the correct answer.

A) CNS
B) sensory input
C) motor output
D) pheromone

Question 18

As you are reading this question, your brain receives a __________ and integrates the information, allowing you to interpret what you are reading.

A) CNS
B) sensory input
C) motor output
D) cell body

Question 19

Animals that see only black and white have predominantly what type of photoreceptors?

A) rod cells
B) cone cells
C) dendrites
D) photo discs

Question 20

What do lateral lines and semicircular canals have in common?

A) Both involve hair cells.
B) Both are chemoreceptors.
C) Both are associated primarily with the detection of sound waves.
D) All of these are true.

Question 21

The genus Latrodectus includes several species, including spiders commonly called widow spiders. The black widow is perhaps the most notorious member of this genus, and some species of black widows exhibit the familiar red hourglass on their ventral side. Black widows have large venom glands, and their bite can be harmful to humans. However, these bites very seldom lead to death in humans if proper medical treatment is provided. In comparison with females, adult male black widows are often gray or brown in color, rather than black, and they are only about half the size of females. As a result, they have smaller venom glands and tend to be less of a health concern. Black widows produce a neurotoxin called latrotoxin, and as the venom spreads through the body, it causes the release of neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine. In comparing male and female black widows, which has the larger surface-to-volume ratio?

A) males
B) females

Question 22

The genus Latrodectus includes several species, including spiders commonly called widow spiders. The black widow is perhaps the most notorious member of this genus, and some species of black widows exhibit the familiar red hourglass on their ventral side. Black widows have large venom glands, and their bite can be harmful to humans. However, these bites very seldom lead to death in humans if proper medical treatment is provided. In comparison with females, adult male black widows are often gray or brown in color, rather than black, and they are only about half the size of females. As a result, they have smaller venom glands and tend to be less of a health concern. Black widows produce a neurotoxin called latrotoxin, and as the venom spreads through the body, it causes the release of neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine. Which of the following is likely a symptom of exposure to the venom latrotoxin?

A) malfunction of sodium-potassium pumps
B) paralysis
C) constant muscular contractions
D) continuous action potentials along axons

Question 23

In the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis, a person's immune system attacks and destroys the myelin sheath cells. What occurs as a result of the destruction of these cells?

A) The speed of action potentials decreases.
B) The sodium-potassium pumps malfunction.
C) Signals cannot be transmitted across the synapse.
D) Action potentials can travel in two directions.

Question 24

The genus Latrodectus includes several species, including spiders commonly called widow spiders. The black widow is perhaps the most notorious member of this genus, and some species of black widows exhibit the familiar red hourglass on their ventral side. Black widows have large venom glands, and their bite can be harmful to humans. However, these bites very seldom lead to death in humans if proper medical treatment is provided. In comparison with females, adult male black widows are often gray or brown in color, rather than black, and they are only about half the size of females. As a result, they have smaller venom glands and tend to be less of a health concern. Black widows produce a neurotoxin called latrotoxin, and as the venom spreads through the body, it causes the release of neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine. Which of the following would work as an antidote for someone who was bitten by a black widow spider?

A) a drug that blocks the sodium-potassium pump
B) a drug that causes potassium gates to open
C) a drug that blocks acetylcholine binding sites
D) a drug that stimulates the release of calcium

Question 25

Among invertebrates, increased speed along the axon is brought about by increasing the diameter of the axon. Among vertebrates, this same function (increased speed) is brought about by ____________________.

A) insulating the axons with myelin sheath cells
B) increasing the number of pumps
C) increasing the number of sodium gates
D) making axon terminals larger

Question 26

The genus Latrodectus includes several species, including spiders commonly called widow spiders. The black widow is perhaps the most notorious member of this genus, and some species of black widows exhibit the familiar red hourglass on their ventral side. Black widows have large venom glands, and their bite can be harmful to humans. However, these bites very seldom lead to death in humans if proper medical treatment is provided. In comparison with females, adult male black widows are often gray or brown in color, rather than black, and they are only about half the size of females. As a result, they have smaller venom glands and tend to be less of a health concern. Black widows produce a neurotoxin called latrotoxin, and as the venom spreads through the body, it causes the release of neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine. Males find females via airborne pheromones when they are close to the web. Their front legs have many __________ to detect these pheromones .

A) chemoreceptors
B) rods and cones
C) interneurons
D) thermosensors

Question 27

If a toxin blocks the receptors for the neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic muscle cell, ___________.

A) paralysis will occur
B) the person will have a seizure
C) the action potential in the presynaptic cell fails
D) calcium, which can function as a neurotransmitter, will be released

Question 28

Which of the following has the shortest axons?

A) interneurons
B) motor neurons
C) sensory neurons
D) the brain stem

Question 29

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

A) tendons-link muscles to bones
B) ligaments-hold bones in place
C) muscle fibers-make up a myofibril
D) cartilage-functions as a shock absorber

Question 30

A person that suffered a stroke has no problems with his memory or with speech, but his movement is uncoordinated and he is having problems with balance when standing up and walking. What portion of the brain likely received the most damage?

A) the left hemisphere of the cerebrum
B) the right hemisphere of the cerebrum
C) the cerebellum
D) the brain stem

Question 31

An elephant's trunk does not have any bones. However, it has many muscles, and the tip has very precise movements that allow it to pick a single leaf from a tree. What type of skeleton allows this movement to occur?

A) hydrostatic skeleton
B) exoskeleton
C) antagonistic skeleton
D) pressurized skeleton

Question 32

When an axon is at rest, all of the following are true EXCEPT:

A) There are more K⁺ ions inside the cell.
B) The membrane potential is approximately -70 mV.
C) There is no electrical charge associated with the cell.
D) There is a more negative charge inside the cell.

Question 33

The genus Latrodectus includes several species, including spiders commonly called widow spiders. The black widow is perhaps the most notorious member of this genus, and some species of black widows exhibit the familiar red hourglass on their ventral side. Black widows have large venom glands, and their bite can be harmful to humans. However, these bites very seldom lead to death in humans if proper medical treatment is provided. In comparison with females, adult male black widows are often gray or brown in color, rather than black, and they are only about half the size of females. As a result, they have smaller venom glands and tend to be less of a health concern. Black widows produce a neurotoxin called latrotoxin, and as the venom spreads through the body, it causes the release of neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine. Black widows spend their entire lives in their cobwebs, sitting and awaiting predators. When a prey item stumbles into their web, they rush out quickly to subdue it but tend to fatigue quickly and cannot maintain high levels of activity for long periods. As a result, ____________________.

A) they have mostly fast-twitch muscles
B) their muscles have high levels of myoglobin
C) they need a constant supply of oxygen for fast contractions
D) actin and myosin function without calcium

Question 34

An action potential occurs in the postsynaptic muscle cell when _____________.

A) acetylcholine binds to the receptors on the muscle cell
B) when calcium functions as a neurotransmitter
C) the sodium-potassium pump moves ions across the membrane
D) all of these

Question 35

Which of the following occurs to transmit signals from one neuron to another?

A) Electrical signals cross the synapse.
B) An action potential jumps the synapse.
C) ATP starts an action potential in the postsynaptic cell.
D) The presynaptic cell releases a neurotransmitter.

Question 36

Place the following statements in the correct order of occurrence. i.     calcium released from endoplasmic membrane ii.action potential reaches axon terminal iii.myosin head binds to actin iv.neurotransmitter binds to receptors

A) i, ii, iii, iv
B) ii, iv, i, iii
C) iv, ii, i, iii
D) ii, iii, i, iv

Question 37

When you pick up your backpack and sling into onto your shoulder, your biceps contract. What must occur for your arm to move back down to your side as you walk away?

A) An antagonistic muscle must contract.
B) The tendon connected to the biceps must elongate.
C) No muscles must contract.
D) Not only must an antagonistic muscle contract, but also the tendon connected to the biceps must elongate.

Question 38

If you have eaten chicken, you know that it is composed of both "light" and "dark" meat. The light-colored flesh associated with the flight muscles indicates that it __________.

A) is fast-twitch muscle
B) contains myoglobin
C) is associated with long-distance travel
D) has high oxygen needs

Question 39

Which of the following is in the correct order from smallest to largest structures?

A) myosin head, sarcomere, myofibril, muscle fiber
B) sarcomere, myosin head, muscle fiber, myofibril
C) myofibril, myosin head, sarcomere, muscle fiber
D) muscle fiber, sarcomere, myofibril, myosin head

Question 40

Which of the following would indicate damage to the right hemisphere of the cerebrum?

A) paralysis of the left facial muscles
B) uncoordinated movement
C) lack of balance
D) problems breathing

Question 41

The genus Latrodectus includes several species, including spiders commonly called widow spiders. The black widow is perhaps the most notorious member of this genus, and some species of black widows exhibit the familiar red hourglass on their ventral side. Black widows have large venom glands, and their bite can be harmful to humans. However, these bites very seldom lead to death in humans if proper medical treatment is provided. In comparison with females, adult male black widows are often gray or brown in color, rather than black, and they are only about half the size of females. As a result, they have smaller venom glands and tend to be less of a health concern. Black widows produce a neurotoxin called latrotoxin, and as the venom spreads through the body, it causes the release of neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine. To approach females, male spiders plug the web of the female to alert her to their presence and to communicate that they are a potential mate rather than a prey item. This type of communication involves __________.

A) mechanoreceptors
B) a cochlea
C) depth perception
D) pheromones