Deck 3: Cell Structure

Question 1

Which of the following lipids makes up most of a plasma membrane?

A) phospholipids
B) cholesterol
C) triglycerides
D) steroids
E) more than one of these

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What limits the size of a cell?

A) lack of building materials
B) the size of the organism
C) the relationship between the volume of the cell and its surface area
D) the job it does
E) the materials it has to exchange

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Eukaryotic cells have their DNA enclosed in the

A) plasma membrane.
B) nucleus.
C) nucleoid.
D) nucleolus.
E) nucleotide.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Some cells contain membrane-bound compartments called

A) organs.
B) organites.
C) organelles.
D) organella.
E) organellum.

Question 5

Why is surface area to volume ratio important for all cells?

A) a cell must be small enough to absorb small molecules and atoms
B) if a cell has too small a surface area, the surface to volume ratio will be too large
C) if a cell has too large a surface area to volume ratio, the plasma membrane is not sufficient to deal with the increased amount of cytoplasm
D) surface area to volume ratios are only important for small cells, like bacteria
E) more than one of these is correct

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a part of the cell theory?

A) All organisms are cellular.
B) Cells are the structural and functional units of life.
C) All cells come from preexisting cells.
D) All cells are approximately the same size.
E) All cells have inheritable material.

Question 7

E. coli strains toxic to humans live in the intestine of ____ without sickening them.
I. birds and frogs
II. goats and sheep
III. cattle and deer

A) I only
B) I and II
C) II and III
D) I and III
E) all of these

Question 8

Meat, fruits, and vegetables could be contaminated with E. coli strains toxic to humans when they come in contact with animal
I. feces.
II. urine.
III. blood.

A) I only
B) I and II
C) II and III
D) I and III
E) I, II, and III

Question 9

When contaminated with E. coli strains toxic to humans, fresh meat should be cooked to at least ____ in order to prevent any food intoxication.

A) 71 ° C (160 ° F)
B) 75 ° C (167 ° F)
C) 65 ° C (149 ° F)
D) 85 ° C (185 ° F)
E) 91 ° C (196 ° F)

Question 10

Which of the following is true about bacteria?

A) some bacteria have nuclei
B) some bacteria have lipid bilayers enclosing their DNA
C) some bacteria do not have DNA
D) some bacteria do not have a cytoplasm
E) some bacteria lack a plasma membrane

Question 11

Which of the following is true about bacteria?

A) most bacteria are harmful
B) bacteria only inhabit surfaces
C) we have more bacteria cells that our own cells
D) bacteria are restricted in their distribution to certain ecosystems
E) bacteria are the most common organisms in the Domain Eukarya

Question 12

Elephants are large animals because they

A) have bigger cells.
B) possess expandable cells.
C) are made of a greater number of cells.
D) have bigger cells and are made of a greater number of cells.
E) have bigger cells that are expandable and of greater number.

Question 13

One of the generalizations of the cell theory is that

A) all cells have a nucleus.
B) all cells divide by meiosis.
C) all living organisms are made up of cells.
D) cells arise through spontaneous generation.
E) growth is solely the result of cell division.

Question 14

In which of the following microscopes are specimens coated with a thin layer of metal?

A) Transmission electron microscopes
B) Scanning electron microscopes
C) Fluorescence microscopes
D) Phase-contrast microscopes
E) Compound microscopes

Question 15

Which of the following cell features is absent in a bacterial cell?

A) plasma membrane.
B) cytoplasm.
C) nucleoid.
D) nucleus.
E) DNA.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about all E.coli ?

A) E.coli produce toxic proteins
B) E.coli is only found in cows, deer, goats, and sheep
C) E.coli is a common bacterium living in our intestines
D) E.coli originate from fresh produce
E) E.coli strains harmful to humans are also harmful to cattle

Question 17

To see the structure of DNA, what type of microscope would you use?

A) fluorescence microscope
B) phase contrast microscope
C) compound microscope
D) dissecting microscope
E) electron microscope

Question 18

If the size of a cell doubles what will be the surface area to volume ratio?

A) 8 to 4
B) 4 to 8
C) 16 to 4
D) 16 to 8
E) 64 to 16

Question 19

A pathogenic Escherichia coli strain would cause which of the following problems except one. Which of the following is the exception?

A) blindness
B) diarrhea
C) paralysis
D) kidney failure
E) heart failure

Question 20

How big are most cells?

A) 10-20 nanometers
B) 10-20 micrometers
C) 10-20 millimeters
D) 10-20 centimeters
E) 10-20 meters

Question 21

In cyanobacteria, where are the molecules that carry out photosynthesis found?

A) in the center of the cytoplasm
B) in the ribosome
C) in the DNA
D) in the folds of the plasma membrane
E) in the nucleoid space

Question 22

The relative impermeability of membranes to water soluble molecules is a result of

A) the nonpolar nature of water.
B) the presence of large proteins that extend through both sides of membranes.
C) the presence of inorganic salt crystals scattered through some membranes.
D) the presence of cellulose and waxes.
E) the presence of phospholipids in the lipid bilayer.

Question 23

____ are involved in transfer of genetic information from one bacterial cell to another.

A) Flagella
B) Cilia
C) Pili
D) Ribosomes
E) Plasmids

Question 24

Hydrophobic interactions of the tails of phospholipids produce

A) a lipid bilayer.
B) hydrolysis of the fatty acids.
C) a protein membrane.
D) a cytoskeleton.
E) a nonpolar membrane.

Question 25

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) When lipids and water are mixed, water molecules isolate themselves into droplets.
B) When lipids and water are mixed, lipids dissolve and enter into a solution.
C) Lipids are classified as nonpolar substances and will not mix with water.
D) Polar substances are able to pass through a plasma membrane more readily than nonpolar substances.
E) All portions of a phospholipid molecule found in a membrane are classified as nonpolar.

Question 26

A transport protein is analogous to a

A) wall partition.
B) subway train.
C) light switch.
D) voice identification device.
E) television receiver.

Question 27

The phospholipids of plasma membranes have

A) a hydrophobic head and a hydrophilic tail.
B) a hydrophobic head and a hydrophobic tail.
C) a hydrophobic head and two hydrophobic tails.
D) a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.
E) a hydrophilic head and two hydrophilic tails.

Question 28

Plasma membrane proteins might be involved in

A) cell-to-cell recognition.
B) signal recognition.
C) transport of nutrients.
D) metabolic activities.
E) all of these.

Question 29

A hypothetical "microbullet" shot through a phospholipids bilayer will pass the component in which order?

A) tail >>> tail >>> head >>> head
B) head >>> tail >>> tail >>> head
C) head >>> tail >>> head >>> tail
D) head >>> head >>> tail >>> tail
E) tail >>> head >>> tail >>> head

Question 30

Which of the following is a characteristic of the plasma membrane?

A) it controls the contents of the cell
B) the main lipid of a cell membrane is cholesterol
C) carbohydrates carry out most of the cell's dynamic functions
D) it encloses a jellylike mixture called a cytoplastic reticulum
E) all of these are characteristics of plasma membranes

Question 31

Most of the active functions of plasma membranes are carried out by

A) cholesterol.
B) proteins.
C) hydrophilic heads.
D) hydrophobic tails.
E) carbohydrates.

Question 32

A prokaryote's cell shape is reinforced by

A) phospholipids.
B) DNA.
C) protein filaments.
D) transport proteins.
E) ribosomes.

Question 33

A water-soluble hormone (signaling molecule) would most likely bind to which of the following membrane proteins?

A) active transporter
B) recognition
C) receptor
D) passive transporter
E) regulator

Question 34

An analysis of plasma or nuclear membrane would yield

A) cellulose and chitin.
B) suberin and cutin.
C) phospholipids and proteins.
D) microtubules and microfilaments.
E) phospholipids and nucleic acids.

Question 35

If a plasma membrane were compared to a sandwich, ____ would be considered the filling.

A) cholesterol
B) protein
C) hydrophilic heads
D) hydrophobic tails
E) carbohydrates

Question 36

In the fluid mosaic model of a typical plasma membrane, what accounts for the fluidity?

A) the proteins, being large, cause the membrane to jiggle around.
B) the phospholipids collectively form a jelly-like substance similar to the cytoplasm.
C) the phospholipids are not bonded to each other and thus are more free to move around.
D) water molecules infiltrate the bilayer causing it to become more watery and thus more fluid.
E) the phospholipids in a typical plasma membrane form covalent bonds which are elastic and allow the membrane to 'stretch'.

Question 37

How do the plasma membranes of Archaea differ from the plasma membranes of Eukarya?

A) their membranes are more rigid
B) their membrane phospholipids do not have fatty acids
C) their membrane phospholipids have reactive side chains
D) their membrane phospholipids form covalent bonds with one another
E) all of these are differences of the plasma membranes of Archaea

Question 38

What is the function of ribosomes?

A) plasma membrane stabilization
B) receiving raw materials from the environment
C) polypeptide assembly
D) increasing tonicity
E) directing the activity of DNA

Question 39

In nature, a biofilm may include

A) bacteria only.
B) microscopic algae only.
C) fungi only.
D) protists only.
E) bacteria, microscopic algae, protests, and fungi.

Question 40

No prokaryotic cells have

A) ribosomes.
B) a nucleus.
C) cytoplasm.
D) a plasma membrane.
E) cell walls.

Question 41

Which of the following are primarily structures for the packaging of cellular secretions for export from the cell?

A) Golgi bodies
B) mitochondria
C) lysosomes
D) ribosomes
E) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 42

The organelle that pinches off portions of its membrane to form a vesicle used for storage or transport is the

A) mitochondrion.
B) chloroplast.
C) nucleus.
D) Golgi body.
E) ribosome.

Question 43

Some bacteria have membranes around their DNA. What is lacking in these membranes that we do not call them nuclei?

A) pores
B) proteins
C) phospholipids
D) a bilayer construction
E) more than one of these is lacking

Question 44

Which of the following is a biofilm?

A) dental plaque
B) a bacterial capsule
C) elongated pili
D) an oil slick
E) none of these are examples of biofilms

Question 45

What role do prokaryotic pili play?

A) they help organize the cytoplasm
B) they help stabilize DNA molecules
C) they help prokaryotes cling to surfaces
D) they help prokaryotes move across surfaces
E) more than one of these is correct

Question 46

What is a biofilm?

A) a movie about biology
B) a slimy covering around a bacterium that allows it to stick to surfaces
C) a colony of prokaryotes and eukaryotes living together in a slime
D) a substance put on microscope slides that allow microscopic details to be better seen
E) a shiny substance that develops above an oil slick

Question 47

Which organelle makes most of the lipids that form the cell's membranes?

A) rough ER
B) smooth ER
C) Golgi body
D) peroxisomes
E) mitochondria

Question 48

An organelle that finishes a protein and packages it for export is a

A) lysosome
B) Golgi body
C) peroxisome
D) smooth ER
E) rough ER

Question 49

Which of the following organelles has its own DNA and ribosomes?

A) chloroplasts
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) lysosomes
E) none of these organelles has its own DNA and ribosomes

Question 50

Which of the following is the correct difference between rough endoplasmic reticula and smooth ER?

A) rough ER is an extension of the nuclear envelope; smooth ER is not
B) smooth ER has a double bilayer membrane; rough ER does not
C) smooth ER consists of flattened sacs and tubes; rough ER does not
D) rough ER has a surface studded with ribosomes; smooth ER does not
E) smooth ER synthesizes proteins: rough ER does not

Question 51

In which part of a chloroplast does photosynthesis occur?

A) the stroma
B) the outermost membrane
C) the innermost membrane
D) the DNA
E) the ribosomes

Question 52

If you could stick a microscopic pin into the center of a bacterium, what would the order of the structures you would encounter from the outside in?

A) capsule, cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm
B) cell wall, capsule, plasma membrane, cytoplasm
C) plasma membrane, cell wall, capsule, cytoplasm
D) cell wall, plasma membrane, capsule, cytoplasm
E) capsule, plasma membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm

Question 53

A flagellum is to a bacterium as ____ is to a boat.

A) a captain
B) an engine
C) a propeller
D) a bow
E) an anchor

Question 54

An organelle that breaks down amino acids, fatty acids, and toxic substances is the

A) peroxisome
B) Golgi body
C) mitochondrion
D) lysosome
E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 55

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is so called because ____ stud the surface of that organelle.

A) carbohydrates
B) ribosomes
C) Golgi bodies
D) proteins
E) lysosomes

Question 56

Which organelle has enzymes that break down fatty acids, amino acids, and toxins?

A) lysosomes
B) peroxisomes
C) Golgi bodies
D) vacuoles
E) rough ER

Question 57

Endoplasmic reticula are an extension of what other cellular structure?

A) the cytoskeleton
B) flagella
C) cilia
D) the nuclear envelope
E) the plasma membrane

Question 58

Which of the following organelles is correctly matched with its function?

A) vacuoles: energy production
B) rough ER: protein synthesis
C) Golgi bodies: lipid formation
D) mitochondria: photosynthesis
E) smooth ER: waste removal

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mitochondria?

A) they are the sites of anaerobic respiration
B) they have a double membrane
C) they make ATP
D) they have their own ribosomes
E) all of these are characteristics of mitochondria

Question 60

What cellular structure assembles amino acids into polypeptides?

A) Golgi bodies
B) mitochondria
C) ribosomes
D) centrioles
E) lysosomes

Question 61

Which of the following contain enzymes and are the main organelles of waste disposal?

A) Golgi bodies
B) mitochondria
C) lysosomes
D) ribosomes
E) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 62

Peptic ulcers are most closely related to what type of cell junctions?

A) tight junctions
B) strong adhering junctions
C) gap junctions
D) plasmodesmata
E) both strong adhering junctions and gap junctions

Question 63

Which of the following organelles is thought to have evolved from a bacterium?

A) nuclei
B) Golgi bodies
C) chloroplasts
D) mitochondria
E) more than one of these

Question 64

Which of the following cell organelles is responsible for the breakdown of alcohol and other toxins?

A) Golgi body
B) peroxisome
C) lysosome
D) ribosome
E) mitochondrion

Question 66

Which of the following structures allows a bacterium to propel itself through its environment?

A) microfilaments
B) intermediate filaments
C) microvillus
D) flagellum
E) microtubule

Question 68

Extracellular matrix is made up of

A) polysaccharides and fibrous proteins.
B) fibrous proteins and lipopolysaccharides.
C) polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides.
D) fibrous proteins and complex lipids.
E) polysaccharides and complex lipids.

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT an example of an extracellular matrix?

A) cuticles of plants
B) cuticles of crabs
C) cell walls
D) cell membranes
E) basement membranes

Question 70

Which of the following are found in BOTH plant and animal cells?

A) nucleus, Golgi body, and chloroplasts
B) Golgi bodies, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticula
C) centrioles, cell wall, and nucleolus
D) vacuoles, nucleolus, and lysosomes
E) starch grains, chloroplasts, and lysosomes

Question 72

Selecting the Exception The following structures are found in all eukaryotic cells EXCEPT

A) cell walls.
B) the nucleus.
C) plasma membranes.
D) Golgi bodies.
E) the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 73

Selecting the Exception Four of the five statements listed below are portions of a well-known theory. Select the EXCEPTION.

A) Cells are the structural and functional components of living things.
B) Cells arise from preexisting cells.
C) All organisms are composed of cells.
D) Cells are the basic living unit of organization of living things.
E) All cells have a nucleus.

Question 74

The type of junction that connects microfilaments inside the cell to the ECM outside the cell are

A) tight junctions.
B) adhering junctions.
C) gap junctions.
D) plasmodesmata.
E) both gap junctions and tight junctions.

Question 75

Which of the following are primarily cellular sites for the recapture of energy from organic compounds?

A) Golgi bodies
B) mitochondria
C) lysosomes
D) ribosomes
E) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 76

____ are responsible for separating chromosomes during cell division.

A) Microfilaments.
B) Intermediate filaments.
C) Actin filaments
D) Microtubules
E) Microfibers

Question 77

A basement membrane

A) is a cell membrane.
B) is a specialized lipid bilayer.
C) forms on the surface of plant cells.
D) supports and organizes animal cell membranes.
E) is a sheet of non-fibrous material.

Question 78

Cilia and flagella

A) are found only in cells that are actively moving.
B) are found only in sex cells and unicellular organisms.
C) use motor proteins to induce movement.
D) may also function as receptor sites for certain hormones.
E) are found only in one-celled organisms.

Question 79

Structural features which contain proteins that help to control the shape of cells are

A) plastids.
B) vacuoles.
C) microtubules.
D) nucleoli.
E) microfilaments.

Question 80

Plasmodesmata are most similar to

A) gap junctions in animal cells.
B) tight junctions in bacteria.
C) basement membranes in animal cells.
D) adhering junctions in heart muscle.
E) both tight junctions in bacteria and adhering junctions in heart muscle.