Deck 14: Revolution: in the Name of Justice

Question 1

What differentiates modern revolutions from older ones?

A)The idea that lower-class anger could be generated by elites and then used to destroy opponents of the existing regime
B)The idea that lower-class anger could be generated by elites to maintain existing institutions
C)The idea that lower-class anger could be dissipated by channeling it toward other countries and religions
D)The idea that lower-class anger could be used to destroy existing institutions, but not to create new ones
E)The idea that lower-class anger could not just destroy existing institutions, but it could create new ones as well

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Immediately after the French Revolution, what institution was given most governmental authority?

A)The king
B)The pope
C)The National Senate
D)The Estates-General
E)The National Constituent Assembly

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Why was France's war with Austria and Prussia so important to the beginning of the Reign of Terror?

A)The war meant that national unity became a focus, and political opposition became unpatriotic.
B)The war led to massive food shortages, which eventually led to violence.
C)Defeats against Austria and Prussia led to oppression of the French in occupied areas.
D)Success against Austria and Prussia led to oppression by the French in occupied areas.
E)The war allowed the pretext for violence against the minority Protestants in France.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A substantial change in the rules and institutions governing a society, often involv ing violence, is known as what?

A)Revolution
B)Terrorism
C)Strike
D)Revolt
E)Rebellion

Question 5

The Declaration of Independence incorporated what key ideas from the work of John Locke?

A)The need to protect the rights of the native populations
B)The need for the consent of the governed
C)The need to protect the rights of states
D)The need to avoid foreign entanglements
E)The need for regular violent revolutions

Question 6

Numerically, which house or estate was the largest at the Estates General meeting in 1789?

A)The clergy
B)The commoners
C)The nobility
D)The artisans
E)The merchants

Question 7

How does a revolution differ from a revolt?

A)Revolts tend to be more violent than revolutions.
B)Revolts do not result in a fundamental change in government, whereas revolutions do.
C)Revolts tend to be less violent than revolutions.
D)Revolts tend to be more ideological, and revolutions tend to be more pragmatic.
E)Revolts are always right wing in nature, whereas revolutions are always left wing in nature.

Question 8

What was the immediate result of the French Revolution?

A)The permanent end of the monarchy in France
B)The end of the Catholic Church in France
C)The establishment of an aristocratic but stable government
D)The dictatorship of Napoléon Bonaparte
E)The rise of a stable democratic government

Question 9

After the breakdown of the Estates General, the popular National Assembly was formed. What were the National Assembly's main goals?

A)The ability to approve all military actions and expenditures
B)The abolishment of the Catholic Church and the seizure of church lands
C)The ability to approve all taxes and the abolishment of the aristocracy
D)The creation of a social democratic state and a modern welfare state
E)The right to bear arms and defend their homes

Question 10

Although revolutions have occurred throughout history, revolutions seem more likely during what kinds of events?

A)Significant population declines and food shortages
B)Technological changes and the rise of religious movements
C)Significant population expansion and rapid economic change
D)Foreign domination and the rise of ideological movements
E)Significant international migration and a decline of the local currency

Question 11

What was Thomas Paine's view of monarchies?

A)That monarchies can be just, but the British monarchy was not.
B)That monarchies are generally positive for the public.
C)That monarchies are generally negative unless they are checked by a strong parliament.
D)That monarchies are acceptable, so long as they are changed every few decades.
E)That monarchies are always tyrannies and wrong on principle.

Question 12

During the Revolutionary War, every colony wrote a new constitution. How did these new constitutional governments differ from most European governments of the era?

A)Most European governments of the time had a directly elected president-the colonies generally did not.
B)Most European governments of the time allowed women to participate fully-the colonies restricted their participation.
C)Most European governments of the time prevented former slaves from participating in government-the colonies allowed them to participate.
D)Most European governments of the time were autocratic-the new constitutions were organized based on majority rule.
E)Most European governments of the era had an independent central bank-the colonies did not have one.

Question 13

In what modern country did the world's first successful anticolonial revolution occur?

A)United States
B)France
C)Mexico
D)Australia
E)Russia

Question 14

"Liberty, equality, fraternity" is an essential slogan in what important document?

A)The Declaration of Independence
B)The US Constitution
C)The British Constitution
D)The Declaration of the Rights of Man
E)The European Declaration on Human Rights

Question 15

Which of the following would best describe Edmund Burke's attitude toward the French Revolution?

A)Strongly supportive
B)Supportive but concerned that it might not be sufficiently radical
C)Neutral, neither opposed nor supportive
D)Strongly opposed
E)Opposed because he wanted a less traditionalistic revolutionary leadership

Question 16

Which of the following describes the revolutionary transitions of eastern European countries away from the Soviet Union that started in 1989?

A)Highly violent
B)Very slow and gradual
C)Generally motivated by outside actors
D)Generally nonviolent
E)Largely unsuccessful

Question 17

Of the following, what describes the American Revolution as compared with the French Revolution?

A)More utopian in nature
B)More violent and uncontrolled
C)Less focused on a clear goal
D)Less widely supported by the general public
E)More constrained and orderly

Question 18

Why was the concept of inalienable rights so critical in the Declaration of Independence?

A)These rights could not be protected unless the government was local.
B)These rights had to be earned by citizens in order to receive them.
C)These rights had to be protected in order for any government to be legitimate.
D)These rights reflected what the colonists deserved as subjects of the king.
E)These rights could not be violated except in a time of conflict.

Question 19

At the time of the French Revolution, how was the French economy performing?

A)The economy was growing, but most of the gains were going to those who were already affluent.
B)The economy was growing, and the benefits were widely distributed.
C)The economy was growing, but most of the benefits were going to the poorest members of society.
D)The economy was declining quickly, but the hardship was largely focused on the poorest members of society.
E)The economy was declining quickly, and the hardship was widely distributed.

Question 20

Robespierre ultimately used what institution to help him carry out the Reign of Terror?

A)The Committee of Public Morals
B)The Committee of Public Safety
C)The Estates General
D)The Commission on Public Patriotism
E)The Conference on Safety and Security

Question 21

Compare the political and social goals of Robespierre with another utopian thinker, Karl Marx. In what ways were they similar? In what ways were they different?

Question 22

What condition did both James Madison and Karl Marx find to be likely to lead to revolutions?

A)Lack of free speech
B)Economic inequality
C)Unequal administration of injustice
D)Economic improvements
E)Poverty

Question 23

According to Tocqueville, what is the most dangerous action a government can take in response to a revolution?

A)To act quickly and violently
B)To appeal for international assistance
C)To act slowly and cautiously
D)To blame the revolution on outside influences
E)To meet with the revolution's leaders in person

Question 24

Being as specific as possible, describe the response of Louis XVI to the French Revolution. How would you characterize the response? Were there some things he could have done to defuse the situation?

Question 25

During the French Revolution, the revolutionaries attacked the Bastille. What was the Bastille, and why was the location of symbolic importance to the revolution?

Question 26

Consider the description of the American revolution as "a revolution of sober expectations." Based on what you have learned, how accurate is that description? Please be specific.

Question 27

The concept of the "right to revolution" is most accurately attributed to which historical figure?

A)John Locke
B)Edmund Burke
C)Thomas Paine
D)Maximilien Robespierre
E)Benjamin Franklin

Question 28

Describe Alexis de Tocqueville's explanation for the French Revolution. How does this view compare with the work of Karl Marx? What insights does Davies offer that might reconcile the two views?

Question 29

Compare and contrast the views of Edmund Burke and Thomas Paine on revolutions. Is there any commonality to their views? What would each author have suggested to citizens dissatisfied with their government?

Question 30

Describe the situation in France prior to the French Revolution. What factors led to the revolution? Based on what you have learned, were there any political ways it could have been avoided?

Question 31

Describe Locke's idea of the consent of the governed. When written, why was the idea considered radical?

Question 32

Describe the views of John Locke on revolution. How do Locke's views compare with the work of Burke and Paine?

Question 33

Describe the main issues facing the French government under the 1791 constitution. Which of these problems were related to the constitution, and which were related to the broader international situation at the time?