Deck 8: Problems in Education

Question 1

Conflict theorists agree with Kozol that "savage inequalities" in the American educational system

A)exist in the power disparities between administrators and teachers.
B)are illustrated by the lack of power of students in the school system.
C)contribute to age-grading and social promotions.
D)perpetuate racial disparities.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The OECD report of educational statistics in 30 countries found that

A)educational levels are decreasing.
B)spending on education is generally consistent across countries.
C)teacher salaries in the U.S. are among the highest in the world.
D)there is a significant relationship between education and income and between education and employment.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

When cultural imperialism exists, the norms, values, traditions, and languages of minorities are

A)often ignored in the school curriculum.
B)integrated into the school curriculum along with aspects of the dominant culture.
C)the predominant focus of the school curriculum.
D)fostered by special classes, but not built into the mainstream classrooms

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Conflict theorists argue education is a mechanism for ________________, which means the indoctrination into the dominant culture of society.

A)organizational structure
B)accommodation
C)cultural imperialism
D)cultural competence

Question 5

The benefits of having a college degree compared to the cost of education is called the

A)earnings premium.
B)cost-benefit advantage.
C)education bonus.
D)educational elevation.

Question 6

Which theoretical perspective is most likely to be interested in teacher-student interactions?​

A)Structural-functional
B)​Conflict
C)Symbolic interactionist
D)Feminist

Question 7

Conflict theorists argue that the socialization function of education is to

A)indoctrinate students into a capitalist ideology.
B)teach students about cultural diversity.
C)foster the value of equality in American society.
D)reduce delinquency among American youth.

Question 8

Ms Harper tries to understand and relate to the different cultures represented in her elementary school classroom. She demonstrates​

A)​cultural imperialism.
B)​custodial care.
C)​the socialization function.
D)​cultural competence.

Question 9

Worldwide, 1 in 5 adults cannot read or write and ______ of them are women.

A)only a few
B)most
C)about half
D)we have no way of knowing how many

Question 10

What is the largest type of educational expenditure?​

A)Building and maintaining adequate facilities
B)Teacher salaries
C)Financial aid to needy students
D)​Administrative costs

Question 11

The term "organization child" refers to the child who

A)spends more time in organizations than at home.
B)is alienated from satisfying personal relationships.
C)is most at ease in a situation with supervision, guidance, and adult control.
D)has no family and is reared in an institutional setting.

Question 12

Worldwide, the largest category of educational spending is​

A)​textbooks and other educational materials.
B)​transportation to and from school.
C)​administrative costs.
D)​teacher salaries.

Question 13

The self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when individuals

A)are satisfied with their occupation.
B)are satisfied with their family life.
C)act like they are expected to act.
D)rebel against the demands of authority figures.

Question 14

The functions of education include

A)​economic security.
B)e-learning.
C)​custodial care.
D)standardized testing.

Question 15

From the teachers' point of view, middle-class children _________ compared to children from economically disadvantaged homes.

A)are easy and fun to teach
B)are too spoiled
C)do not want to do their homework
D)don't know how to work

Question 16

Which of the following sociological perspectives is more likely to emphasize the relationship between teacher approval/disapproval and class differences in the social and verbal skills students bring to the classroom?

A)Structural-functionalists
B)Conflict theorists
C)Symbolic interactionists
D)Feminist theorists

Question 17

______________ is education that includes all racial and ethnic groups in the school curriculum, thereby promoting awareness and appreciation for cultural diversity.​

A)​Affirmative Action
B)​Character education
C)​Multicultural education
D)​The voucher system

Question 18

The OECD reports that, in general, ​

A)​education levels are rising throughout the world.
B)​education levels are rising for women but not for men.
C)​the United States outperforms all other nations on all measures of educational achievement.
D)​illiteracy has been eliminated in the developing world.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the educational institution?

A)Socializing children into the culture of society's elite.
B)Teaching children to question authority
C)Sorting of individuals into various statuses
D)Providing us with a belief system

Question 20

What has happened to the practice of grouping students by ability?​

A)​There has been a recent increase in ability grouping.
B)​Grouping by ability has been abandoned because of the potential negative effects on self-esteem.
C)​Grouping by ability has not changed much in the last 100 years.
D)​Girls are more likely than boys to be put in different ability groups.

Question 21

A recent study by the Civil Rights Project at UCLA found that​

A)​school segregation is increasing.
B)​school segregation has been completely eliminated.
C)​the extent of school segregation is exaggerated by the media.
D)​levels of school segregation have remained stable.

Question 22

Which theoretical perspective would be most likely to be concerned that soft drink companies get to sell their products in schools in exchange for grant money to the schools?​

A)Structural-functional
B)Conflict
C)Symbolic interaction
D)​Social exchange

Question 23

Which statement is correct regarding the relationship between minority status and educational attainment?

A)Educational attainment has increased for all groups, but racial and ethnic disparities remain.
B)Minorities are now succeeding at a higher rate than white non-Hispanics.
C)Minority students are falling further and further behind in educational attainment.
D)Racial and ethnic minority students are now graduating at the same rate as white non-Hispanics.

Question 24

Elena was an economically disadvantaged student. The teacher defined her as a slow learner and assigned her to a lower ability group. Elena believed that her teacher did not expect her to perform as well as many of the other students, therefore, she performed at a lower level. This illustrates

A)a self-fulfilling prophecy.
B)the organization child.
C)cultural imperialism.
D)multicultural education.

Question 25

The "integration hypothesis" advocated which of the following?

A)Desegregation of schools through busing
B)Increasing neighborhood diversity
C)Putting affirmative action into place
D)Eliminating private schools

Question 26

What was found in the study of children who were randomly selected and identified as "spurters" of superior intelligence and academic ability?

A)The students identified as spurters scored lower on IQ tests.
B)The students identified as spurters made lower grades in the class.
C)The teachers rated the students identified as spurters as more likely to succeed.
D)The teachers rated the students identified as spurters as less happy and less likely to interact with their peers.

Question 27

Critics of bilingual education argue

A)bilingual education limits minority students' participation in their own culture.
B)it lowers the self-esteem of minority students.
C)it reduces the English skills of minorities.
D)it creates coalitions among the minorities.

Question 28

Project Head Start is designed to help which of the following?

A)Gifted and talented students
B)Students with learning disabilities
C)Preschool children from disadvantaged families
D)Pregnant high school students

Question 29

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between race/ethnicity and educational attainment?

A)Although educational attainment has increased over time, racial disparities still exist.
B)True equality has been obtained.
C)Asian students face the most discrimination and have the lowest achievement.
D)In comparison to Hispanics, whites perform less effectively at nearly every level.

Question 30

The classic study by Rosenthal (1968)in which some students were identified as "spurters" but actually were no different from the other students illustrates the

A)the integration hypothesis.
B)cultural imperialism.
C)social promotion.
D)the self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 31

Project Head Start provides children with an integrated program that includes

A)college scholarships.
B)health care.
C)organized sports.
D)financial planning.

Question 32

Assessments of Head Start and Early Head Start generally conclude

A)the programs are of little value.
B)the programs benefit children but the benefits may not last.
C)the programs would be more effective if they only concentrated on education.
D)parental involvement is unnecessary.

Question 33

In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education that segregated education was

A)a matter for each individual state to decide.
B)constitutional as long as all schools received equal funding.
C)in the best interests of U.S. society.
D)unequal and unconstitutional.

Question 34

Students in middle and upper income families are

A)less likely to graduate from college.
B)less likely to graduate from high school.
C)less likely to enroll in advanced mathematics classes.
D)more likely to attend college

Question 35

Advocates of bilingual education claim that it results in which of the following?

A)Better academic performance of minority students
B)Lower rates of teacher turnover
C)Decreased school violence
D)Savings in tax dollars spent on education

Question 36

Minority students are hindered in their academic performance because

A)standardized tests tend to be biased.
B)they are not as smart as other students.
C)school integration makes them uncomfortable.
D)schools spend too much time on bilingual education.

Question 37

Which students tend to have the lowest scores on standardized tests?

A)Middle class students
B)Low-income students
C)Children of wealthy parents
D)There is no relationships between test scores and social class.

Question 38

Which of the following best describes the consequences of the U.S. system of decentralized funding?

A)Local socioeconomic conditions impact the quality and amount of education.
B)Cities are forced to share revenues to ensure equal opportunities.
C)Districts in suburbs often have less funding because of the tax exemptions of their businesses.
D)Racial diversity is maintained through neighborhood quotas.

Question 39

Recent evidence suggests school segregation is

A)increasing.
B)decreasing.
C)unchanged.
D)more imagined than real.

Question 40

According to your text, the relationship between race/ethnicity and educational achievement is largely due to the association between race/ethnicity and which of the following?

A)IQ
B)Family structure
C)Drug use
D)Socioeconomic status

Question 41

American public school parents identify ____________ as the biggest problem in schools.

A)financial support
B)violence and crime
C)bullying
D)lack of good teachers

Question 42

An imbalance of power that exists over a long period of time in which the more powerful intimidate or belittle others defines​

A)​bullying.
B)​stereotyping.
C)​segregation.
D)​initiation.

Question 43

Title IX aimed to

A)eliminate athletic programs.
B)end sex discrimination in granting admission to college.
C)reward more financial aid to minorities than whites.
D)make common rules in dorms and other campus locations for men and women.

Question 44

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 states that no person shall be discriminated against on the basis of ______ in any educational program receiving federal funds.

A)age
B)sex
C)race
D)national origin

Question 45

Status dropout rate refers to the percentage of

A)elementary school students who drop out of school in a 6 month period.
B)high school students who drop out each year.
C)students who drop out within 4 years of the time they enter high school.
D)16- to 24-year-olds that are not in school and have not earned a high school degree or its equivalent.

Question 46

Dropout rates are associated with

A)decreased costs of public assistance.
B)increased income and higher tax revenues.
C)decreased costs of crime.
D)increased costs of health care.

Question 47

In 1833, Oberlin College in Ohio became the first college in the United States to admit women. At Oberlin, women students were

A)given the same rights and responsibilities as male students.
B)given the same rights as males except the women had to abide by curfews.
C)required to wash male students' clothes, clean their rooms, and serve their meals.
D)allowed to speak at public assemblies.

Question 48

Females are more likely than males to

A)have learning disabilities.
B)drop out or be expelled from school.
C)be diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
D)score high on reading tests.

Question 49

Which of the following is associated with dropping out of high school?

A)Lower income
B)Lower stress levels
C)Lower likelihood of smoking
D)Better health

Question 50

Research has found that attending a desegregated school

A)has positive effects on black and Hispanic achievement and negative effects on white achievement.
B)has negative effects on black and Hispanic achievement and positive effects on white achievement.
C)has positive effects on black and Hispanic achievement and no effect on white achievement.
D)has positive effects on white achievement and no effect on black and Hispanic achievement

Question 51

The U.S. Supreme Court has recently ruled that public school systems

A)should take into account the race or ethnicity of a student in order to achieve integrated schools.
B)cannot try to achieve or maintain integration taking explicit account of a student's race.
C)students have no right to their choice of schools; they must attend the school assigned to them by their district administrators.
D)must use busing, if necessary, to achieve race and ethnic integration of their schools.

Question 52

According to recent research the gap in mathematics achievement between boys and girls can BEST be explained by

A)hardwiring in the brain.
B)the level of gender equity in the society.
C)how the students are treated by the teacher.
D)bias in standardized tests.

Question 53

What seems to be the most significant factor in causing gender differences in academic achievement?

A)Societal expectations
B)Genetic differences
C)Socioeconomic variables
D)Unexplained individual variability

Question 54

In the last several decades the U.S. status dropout rate

A)has increased slightly.
B)increased dramatically, especially for females.
C)remained stable.
D)significantly declined.

Question 55

the U.S. ranks _____________ Germany, Japan, Canada, and the United Kingdom in graduation rates.

A)well above
B)below
C)the same
D)below for the boys but above for the girls

Question 56

Which teachers are more likely to be victimized in schools?​

A)Rural more than urban
B)Elementary rather than high school
C)Females more than males
D)Private schools more than public

Question 57

Jorge came to the United States with his parents when he was six years old. He does not speak English and would be classified in his school as ​

A)​an English language learner.
B)​hearing impaired.
C)​learning disabled.
D)​language challenged.

Question 58

Financial support for education

A)is the same for all students throughout the U.S.
B)varies significantly from state to state.
C)is not a problem in the United States.
D)comes entirely from the families of the students.

Question 59

Advocates for using socioeconomic or income-based integration rather than race-based integration argue

A)socioeconomic status more directly achieves thegoal of racial integration by raising academic achievement.
B)race has no bearing on academic achievement.
C)the only way to achieve quality education for all racial and ethnic groups is to desegregate schools.
D)attending a racially desegregated school negatively affects the academic achievement of white students.

Question 60

The most recent results from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study indicate that

A)U.S. students score above the international average in science.
B)the United States ranks at the very top of the nations on all measures.
C)the United States has the highest high school graduation rate.
D)the United States ranks first in college completions.

Question 61

Community colleges

A)are losing students because of the perception they are a waste of money.
B)are increasing in popularity because of their lower costs.
C)tend to attract middle-class students more than others.
D)are private for-profit institutions.

Question 62

Some argue higher education perpetuates inequality because of

A)the emphsis on community colleges.
B)the growth of for-profit institutions.
C)the increasing numbers of students receiving need-based loans.
D)the increased availability of education for everyone.

Question 63

Higher rates of student crime victimization are associated with

A)being white.
B)going to a private school.
C)being female
D)being non-white.

Question 64

A young female student was raped when she was very drunk at a college party. She is a victim of

A)stranger rape.
B)incapacitated rape.
C)aggravated assault.
D)drunken disorder.

Question 65

Teachers in poorer school districts are

A)likely to reflect the diversity of their students.
B)likely to be the most experienced teachers.
C)the most effective teachers in the district.
D)likely to be assigned outside their area of expertise.

Question 66

The most common crime committed against students is

A)aggravated assault.
B)theft.
C)robbery.
D)rape.

Question 67

__________ is a situation or circumstance that is intentionally created to embarrass, ridicule, harass, or demean as part of an initiation process.​

A)​Cyberbullying
B)​Bullying
C)​Hazing
D)​Discrimination

Question 68

Most homicides involving teens take place within schools.​

Question 69

Most college graduates

A)finish school in debt.
B)are debt-free because their parents paid for their education.
C)were financed by government programs tha paid for their entire education.
D)default on their education loans.

Question 70

Which term refers to the established relationship between severe disciplinary practices, increased rates of dropping out, low academic achievement, and court or juvenile detention involvement?

A)Bullying
B)School-to-prison pipeline
C)Zero tolerance
D)School time and jail time

Question 71

Value-added measurement (VAM)is the use of student achievement data to

A)measure student progress.
B)compare student performance globally.
C)measure teacher performance.
D)determine teacher salaries.

Question 72

Who is more likely to be the victim of violence?

A)Students who are away from school rather than at school
B)Males more than females
C)Older students rather than younger students
D)Teachers more than students

Question 73

High rates of teacher turnover is a problem because​

A)​new teachers tend to be less educated.
B)​there is too much change involved in educational reforms.
C)​it takes time and effort to replace teachers.
D)older teachers tend to be burned out.

Question 74

What has occurred in higher education in recent years?

A)A significant increase in the number of tenured professors
B)Fewer minority student
C)Fewer support staff and more instructional staff
D)More part-time instructors

Question 75

Which statement is true about bullying?

A)Males are more likely than females to be the victims of rumors.
B)Boys are more likely than girls to bully by being physically aggressive.
C)Being purposively excluded from activities does not count as being bullied.
D)Females are more likely than males to be physically injured by bullying.

Question 76

Student differences on standardized tests are MOST affected by

A)teacher quality.
B)classroom size.
C)family background.
D)student effort.

Question 77

Research shows that

A)no relationship exists between school environment and academic achievement and quality once socioeconomic status is controlled.
B)school environment impacts teachers but not students.
C)school environment impacts students but not teachers.
D)school environment impacts students, teachers and staff.

Question 78

Siobhan goes to school in a low-income neighborhood. Her teachers are likely to be​

A)​hired in their area of expertise.
B)​beginning, rather than experienced.
C)​of her same race/ethnicity category.
D)​full-time rather than substitute teachers.

Question 79

When is the most likely time for a female college student to be sexually assaulted?

A)Freshman and sophomore years
B)Junior and senior years
C)Graduate school
D)There is no time more likely than others.

Question 80

Compared to other school districts, low-income, high-minority school districts are more likely to

A)have students who are taught by full-time teachers.
B)assign teachers to areas outside their specialty.
C)employ beginning teachers with more than 3 years of experience.
D)spend more money per student.